选择性必修第四册 UNIT 12 INNOVATION-【金版教程】2025年高考英语一轮复习解决方案全书word（新教材，北师大版）

金版教程　高考科学复习解决方案　英语[S] 一　词汇过关测＋练 1．entertainment　enter (＝inter)中间，之间，相互＋tain 握，持有＋­ment名词后缀→人与人之间的互动；引申为娱乐节目 2．donate　don给予＋­ate表示动词→给出去；引申为捐赠，捐献 3．instant　in­ 进入＋stant 站立，放置→原指站在附近待命；引申为立刻的，马上的 4．evaluation　e­ 出＋valu 价值＋a做＋­tion名词后缀→对其价值做出判断；引申为评估，评价 5．preserve　pre­ 预先，事先＋serve服务→提前做好服务；引申为保存(食物)，腌制；维护，保护 1．vitamin n. 维生素 2．launch vt. 发射；发动，发起，开始从事 3．biologist n. 生物学家 4．labour­saving adj. 节省劳力的 5．electric adj. 用电的，带电的，电动的 6．device n. 设备，装置；修辞首段 7．perceive vt. 察觉，注意到，发觉 8．microscope n. 显微镜 9．humble adj. 谦虚的，谦卑的 10．finding n. 研究的结果；发现 11．gifted adj. 有天赋的，有才华的 12．outcome n. 结果，后果 13．outspoken adj. 坦率的，直言不讳的 14．mass n. 大量，大宗　adj. 大量的 15．missile n. 导弹，飞弹 16．satellite n. 人造卫星；卫星 17．physicist n. 物理学家 18．joint adj. 联合的，共同的，共有的 19．explode vi.& vt. (使)爆炸；急剧增长 20．garbage n. 垃圾 21．emerge vi. 出现，浮现 22．bonus n. 意外收获，额外的好处；奖金；红利 23．gravity n. 重力，引力 24．correspond vi. 通信 25．overcome vt. 克服(困难)，控制(感情)；征服，战胜 26．grand adj. 宏伟的，壮丽的，隆重的 27．well－being n. 健康，幸福，舒适 28．kettle n. 壶，水壶 29．decline vi. 减少，降低 30．boil vi.& vt. (使)沸腾，煮沸；(用开水)煮　n. 沸腾 31．split vi.& vt. 分割，把……分开；分成(不同部分) 32．availability n. 可能性 33．orbit n. 轨道　vi.& vt. 沿轨道运行 34．particle n. 粒子，质点 35．premier adj. 最好的；最重要的 36．navy n. 海军 37．tube n. 圆管，管子；电视显像管，阴极射线管 38．circuit n. 电路，线路；环形道路 39．cosmology n. 宇宙论，宇宙学 40．fibre n. (木材、碳等天然材料的)纤维 1．(2024·广东省茂名市高三一模)While BlueWalker 3 was folded when it was launched (发射) last year, once in space it opened up to reveal a huge surface area that reflected sunlight. 2．(译林XB1­U1)In the beginning, the delicious dish was made simply by boiling (煮) vegetables, chillies and Sichuan peppers in water. 3．The number of tourists to this resort declined (降低) by 10% last year. 4．(2024·四川省成都市石室中学高三月考)I'd like to stand up for the thousands of young kids I have worked with who are caring, thoughtful and humble (谦卑的)—even when they use their strengths. 5．(外研XB2­U2)It turned out that they developed an immunity to the virus, and their numbers exploded (急剧增长) once again. 6．(2024·广东省广州高三检测)She was gifted (有天赋的) with supernatural power. 7．(2024·安徽省十校高三联考)During Chinese New Year, or the Spring Festival, grand (隆重的) celebrations take place all over the world. 8．(人教XB2­U1)Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome (克服). 9．Their latest product is aimed at the mass (大量的) market. 10．(2024·浙江省强基联盟高三适应性考试)There are some studies that suggest the more confident or outspoken (直言不讳的) a parent in childhood, the shyer a child could potentially become. 1．relativity n. 相对性→relative n. 亲戚，亲属；同类事物→relatively adv. 相当地，相对地 2．illustrate vt. 说明，阐明；给(书籍、文章等)加插图→illustration n. 插图，说明 3．science n. 科学→scientific adj. 科学(上)的→scientifically adv. 合乎科学地；学问上；系统地 4．incubation n. 孵化→incubate v. 孵化；培养；温育；逐渐发展 5．subsequent adj. 随后的；紧接的；后来的→subsequently adv. 后来，随后 6．produce vt. 生产，制造→producer n. 生产者→production n. 生产，产品→productive adj. 多产的；丰饶的；富有成效的 7．constant adj. 恒久不变的；持续不断的，经常发生的 n. 常量，恒量→constantly adv. 不断地；时常地 8．efficient adj. 有效率的，高效能的→efficiently adv. 有效率地，高效能地→efficiency n. 效率 9．revolution n. 彻底变革，革命→revolutionary adj. 革命的；革命性的，突破性的　n. 革命者，革命家 10．regulate vt. 控制，管理→regulation n. 规章，规则 11．clue n. 线索；提示→clueless adj. 一无所知的，一窍不通的 12．accurate adj. 正确的，准确的→accurately adv. 准确地→accuracy n. 准确性；精准度；正确，准确 13．improve vi.& vt. 提高，改善→improvement n. 改善，改进；改进之处 14．coincidence n. 运气；巧合→coincident adj. 一致的；符合的；同时发生的 15．mechanical adj. 机械的→mechanically adv. 机械地 16．specific adj. 特定的，专门的→specifically adv. 特定地，专门地 17．theory n. 理论，学说→theoretical adj. 理论的→theoretically adv. 理论上 18．propose vt. 提出(某观点、方法等)；提议祝(酒)→proposal n. 建议，提议 19．sail vi.& vt. 航行→sailor n. 水手，海员 20．steam n. 水蒸气；蒸汽动力→steamer n. 汽船，大轮船；汽锅，蒸锅 1．Science journalism is the main channel for the popularization of scientific information among the public. (science) 2．To improve the produce, is not only a matter of technical improvement but also a matter of social reorganization. (improve) 3．The producer introduced a productive technological product into production. (produce) 4．It's necessarily an efficient way to learn. It helps us deal with problems more efficiently. It will sharply improve study efficiency．(efficient) 5．I propose a toast to the friendship between the peoples of the two countries. My proposal was well received.(propose) 6．This theory has become the theoretical framework for China's current qigong and health preservation studies.(theory) 7．The sailors set sail three days later.(sail) 8．The travel industry is regulated by a set of guidelines. I have acted strictly in accordance with the regulations at all times. (regulate) 9．The paper is intended to be used for specific purposes. It is targeted specifically at young people. (specific) 10．The computer will calculate your position with pinpoint accuracy. We hope to become more accurate in predicting earthquakes. We should make sure that the facts were set down accurately. (accurate) 1 device [熟义]　n. 设备，装置 [生义]　n. 修辞手段 Using proper device will attract the attention of readers, making them impressive. 使用适当的修辞手段可以吸引读者的注意力，给他们留下深刻的印象。 2 correspond [熟义]　vi. 通信 [生义]　vi. 符合，一致 His story of what happened that night didn't correspond with the witness's version. 关于那天晚上发生的事情他的陈述和证人所说的不一致。 3 tube [熟义]　n. 圆管，管子；电视显像管，阴极射线管 [生义]　n. 地铁 I go to work on the tube. 我坐地铁去上班。 4 decline [熟义]　vi. 减少，降低 [生义]　vt.& vi. 拒绝 I invited him to the meeting but he declined. 我邀请他参加会议，但他拒绝了。 小积累 1.“天赋”家族 ①talent n. 才能，天赋 ②talented adj. 有才能的 ③gift n. 天赋；天才 ④gifted adj. 有天赋的，有才华的 ⑤genius n. 天赋，天资；天才 ⑥intelligent adj. 聪明的；有智力的；智能的 2.“健康”聚焦 ①well­being n. 健康 ②keep/stay healthy 保持健康 ③stay in shape 保持健康 ④keep fit 保持健康 ⑤physical fitness 身体健康 3.­al结尾的名词 ①proposal 提议 ②approval 同意 ③arrival 到达 ④refusal 拒绝 ⑤withdrawal 脱瘾；撤回 ⑥survival 幸存；存活 二　语块过关测＋练 1．be__dedicated__to 致力于；献身于 2．range__from__...__to__...__ 范围从……到…… 3．single__out 单独挑出；特别选出 4．in__a__joint__effort 共同的努力 5．in__spite__of 虽然；不顾；尽管……(仍……) 6．bury__oneself__in__...__ 埋头于…… 7．in__fact 实际上 8．be__expected__to 期待做…… 9．prevent__sb/sth__from__doing 阻止某人做某事/某事的发生 10．figure__out 算出；想出 1．(2024·河北石家庄第十五中学高三月考)I found that she was clear­headed in__spite__of a little pain in her face; this made me more anxious. 2．(2024·广东湛江高三质量检测)She and her roommate silently warred over matters ranging__from when the lights should be turned off to how the furniture should be arranged. 3．(2024·福建三明高三一模)One study revealed that people were better at figuring__out puzzles after a four­day camping trip. 4．(人教B2­U2)Perhaps the best example is shown by UNESCO, which runs a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing. 5．(2024·广东四校高三联考)With Edward's encouraging words echoing in his mind, Leon calmed down and buried__himself__in the questions. 三　句式迁移练 1．so ... that ... “如此……以至于……”结构 【迁移创新】There was so__much__traffic__that we were an hour late. 路上车辆那么多，我们迟到了一个小时。 2．“by＋时间”作状语 【迁移创新】By__the__end__of__that__first__year,__I had known how totally unsuited we were to each other. 第一年年末的时候，我就知道我们彼此完全不合适。 3．“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构 【迁移创新】When she returned home, outside her door was a package with__a__folded__note__attached__to__it． 当她回到家时，门外放着一个包裹，上面贴着一张折叠好的纸条。 4．“find it＋形容词＋to do”结构 【迁移创新】For example, I find__it__hard to grasp the gist of the passage. 例如，我发现很难理解这篇文章的主旨。 Ⅰ　忆课文·语篇理解 If you had to choose the single most important __1__ (discover) of the 20th century, you would have a real dilemma on your hands. In just 100 years, the world changed __2__ (complete). Amazing discoveries were made in medicine, communications __3__ transport, not to mention our knowledge of the world and space. Medical advances __4__ (range) from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to surgical procedures __5__ (replace) diseased organs with __6__ (donate) ones. Communications changed __7__ the introduction of mobile phones and __8__ way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing. We started flying around the world and meanwhile, scientists figured __9__ how to split the atom, past thought to be the __10__ (small) particle of matter in the universe. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 答案：1.discovery　2.completely　3.and　4.ranged　5.replacing　6.donated　7.with　8.the　9.out　10.smallest Stephen Hawking, born in 1942, was famous for his huge __1__ (achieve) in physics and cosmology and for __2__ (overcome) the challenges of ALS as well. Hawking studied at University of Oxford and Cambridge. __3__ at the age of 21, he was __4__ (diagnose) with a serious disease and was only expected __5__ (live) a few years. However, he finished his studies and got a job at the University of Cambridge. While his reputation for his work spread, his physical ability __6__ (decline). In 1985, after an operation, he dealt with the problem, __7__ (start) to use speech­generating equipment to help him talk. However, Hawking never ceased his studies and continued to develop his theories on Black Holes. In spite __8__ his illness, Hawking believed __9__ he was not an unlucky person. Since his diagnosis at 21, he __10__ (regard) everything as a bonus. He was proud of his family and his work, and appreciated the help from people. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 答案：1.achievement　2.overcoming　3.But/Yet　4.diagnosed　5.to live　6.declined　7.starting　8.of 9．that　10.had regarded Ⅱ　学思悟·重点突破 1 entertainment n. 娱乐活动；娱乐节目(☞entertain vt. 给……娱乐；使快乐；招待 ☞entertaining adj. 有趣的；娱乐的) 【知识归纳】 (1)good family entertainment 良好的家庭娱乐 for entertainment 为了娱乐 (2)entertain sb to sth用某物招待某人 entertain sb with sth用某物使某人快乐 (3)an entertaining story/movie 有趣的故事/电影 【语用点拨】 ①I like to entertain friends to music and refreshments at home. 我喜欢在家里用音乐和茶点招待朋友。(电子邮件) ②I suggest you should keep the balance between your study and entertainment. 我建议你保持学习和娱乐之间的平衡。(建议信) ③This season's entertainments include five new plays and several concerts of Chinese and Indian music.这一季的娱乐节目包括5部新剧和几场中国和印度音乐的音乐会。(邀请信) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The content of a podcast must be educational as well as entertaining (entertain)． ②Last year the local government cleared up many illegal entertainment (entertain) places. ③He entertained us for hours with his stories and jokes. ④大多数儿童电视节目旨在寓教于乐。 Most children's television programmes aim to__educate__and__entertain at the same time. 2 gifted adj. 有天赋的，有才华的；有特长的(☞gift n. 礼物，赠品　v. 赠送) 【知识归纳】 (1)be gifted with 有……天赋 (2)have a gift for 有……的天赋 (3)gift sb 给某人送礼物；赠送；让对手轻易地得分(取胜或成功) 【语用点拨】 ①Schools often fail to meet the needs of gifted children.学校常常不能满足特长生的发展要求。(建议信) ②Everyone around me says I have a gift for music, so I think it definitely ensures me to accomplish the work successfully. 我身边的每个人都说我有音乐天赋，所以我认为这肯定能保证我成功地完成这项工作。(申请信) ③I looked upon the gift as a seal on our friendship. 我把这个礼物看作我们友谊的见证。(感谢信) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The guests all arrived bearing gifts (gift)． ②He has a gift for languages. ③To be honest, his brother is a gifted (gift) dancer musician. ④使我印象深刻的是他有一种使人高兴的天赋。 What impressed me was that__he__had__a__gift__for__making__people__cheer__up． 3 donate vi.& vt. 捐献(器官)，献(血)；捐赠，捐献(☞donation n. 捐赠品 ☞don(at)or n. 捐赠者) 【知识归纳】 (1)donate ... to ... 把……捐献给…… (2)make a donation to ... 向……捐赠 donations of food and money 捐赠食品和钱 (3)a blood don(at)or 献血者 a kidney don(at)or 肾脏捐献者 【语用点拨】 ①After that, we will do some other meaningful activities, including donating some gifts to the old there. 在那之后，我们将做一些其他有意义的活动，包括给那里的老人捐赠一些礼物。(邀请信) ②He donated thousands of pounds to charity. 他向慈善事业捐款数千英镑。(人物描写) ③Even a small donation can do a lot of good. 即使是小小的捐赠也能带来很多好处。(演讲稿) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Donations (donate) began flooding in from hundreds of people. ②Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. ③Doctors are looking for a blood don(at)or (donate) for the patient whose blood type is rare. ④在过去的几个月里，许多演员向灾区捐赠了很多钱。 In the past few months, many actors have__donated__much__money__to__the__disaster__area． 4 launch vt. 发射；发动，发起，开始从事　n. (航天器的)发射；(船的)下水；(产品的)上市 【知识归纳】 launch into sth/launch oneself into sth (热情地)开始做/投入某事 launch out 开始从事，投身于(新的、尤指更令人兴奋的事业) 【语用点拨】 ①a party to launch his latest novel 他最新小说的首发式(邀请信) ②Without warning he launched himself at me. 他突然向我猛扑过来。(动作描写) ③The launch of a ship was a big occasion. 船下水曾是一件大事。(报道) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He launched into a lengthy account of his career. ②After years of working for others, she decided to launch out on her own and start her own business. ③因为渡船倾覆的速度非常快，根本没有时间把救生艇放下水。 There was no time to__launch__the__lifeboats because the ferry capsized with such alarming speed. 5 correspond vi. 通信；相一致；符合；类似于(☞correspondence n. 信件，信函；通信；相似，关联 ☞corresponding adj. 相应的，相关的) 【知识归纳】 (1)correspond with/to ... 与……一致/相符/相类似 correspond with sb 与某人通信 (2)in correspondence with ... 与……通信；和……一致 【语用点拨】 ①The teachers often stress that what we say should be in correspondence with what we do. 老师们经常强调我们应该言行一致。(建议信) ②Her reply corresponded with yours, so I suppose I must believe you. 她的回答和你的一致，所以我认为我必须相信你。(电子邮件) ③I have been in correspondence with her for years.多年来我一直和她保持通信。(日记) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I assure you my actions will correspond with/to my words. ②Your account of the accident had little correspondence (correspond) with the story the other driver told. ③As the course becomes more difficult, there's usually a corresponding (correspond) drop in attendance. ④我们又把数字加了一遍，但是我们的总数还是不一致。 We both added up the figures again, but our totals still__didn't__correspond． 6 overcome vt. 克服(困难)，控制(感情)；征服，战胜 【知识归纳】 overcome difficulties/obstacles/problems/resistance 克服困难/障碍/难题/阻力 overcome one's shyness in class 克服上课时的羞怯 be overcome with/by 被……所压倒/制服 【语用点拨】 ①He overcame all obstacles in his path to the top. 他克服了通往顶峰道路上的所有障碍。(人物介绍) ②The night before the test I was overcome by fear and despair.考试的前一晚我被恐惧与绝望困扰着。(求助信) ③Something gave me the strength to overcome the difficulty. 有件事给了我克服困难的勇气。(演讲稿) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①She overcame (overcome) her natural diffidence and spoke with great frankness. ②I realized how possible it was to overcome__your__limitations (克服你的局限), to achieve well beyond what you believe yourself capable of. ③她激动得难以自持，发现自己有好几分钟说不出话来。 Overcome__with/by__emotion,__she found herself unable to speak for a few minutes. 7 decline vi. 减少，降低　vi.& vt. 拒绝，谢绝　n. 减少；衰退 【知识归纳】 (1)fall/go into decline 陷入衰退 in decline＝on the decline 在衰退中，走下坡路 (2)decline to do sth 婉言拒绝做某事 【语用点拨】 ①Over the past ten months, we have been busy preparing for this examination and declined to attend any party. 在过去的十个月里， 我们一直忙于准备这次考试，没有去参加任何聚会。(电子邮件) ②He is still one of the world's most popular golfers, but his skill is in decline/on the decline. 他仍是世界上最受欢迎的高尔夫球选手之一，但他的球技正在衰退。(人物介绍) ③The land declines sharply away from the house.地势从房屋那边开始大幅度向下倾斜。(地点描述) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Libraries are an investment for the future and they should not be allowed to fall into decline. ②Unfortunately, activities involving direct contact with people, which contributed to better well­being, were found to be on/in the decline. ③政府已经两次拒绝支持该计划。 The government has twice declined__to__back__the__scheme． 8 preserve vt. 保存(食物)，腌制；维护，保护　n. 腌菜，果酱(☞preservation n. 保护，维护；保留，维持) 【知识归纳】 (1)preserve ... from ... 保护……免于…… be well/strictly preserved 被很好/严格地保存/保护 (2)in good preservation 处于良好的保存/保养/保护状态 【语用点拨】 ①Our school stadium was established five years ago, which is well preserved now. 我们学校的体育场是五年前建成的，现在保存得很好。(地点介绍) ②Social activities usually preserve old people from the loneliness. 社会活动经常保护老年人免于孤独之苦。(报道) ③I think these interesting old customs should be well preserved. 我认为这些有趣的旧习俗应该被很好地保留下来。(投稿) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①As we all know, the police are responsible for the preservation (preserve) of law and order. ②They were determined to preserve their students from harm. ③Our suggestions are that these traditional customs (should)__be__preserved__and__handed__down (应被保护并传承) one generation after another. ④要想保护野生老虎的数量，不做出巨大牺牲是不容易的。 There is no easy way to__preserve__the__wild__tiger__population without making large sacrifices. 9 figure out 算出，想出；计算出，弄明白 【知识归纳】 (1)figure v. 理解，弄懂；计算 figure out the maths problem 解出这道数学题 (2)figure n. 算术；数字，数目；数字符号，位数；身材，体型；(重要的)人物；雕像，图像 keep one's figure 保持体形 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①She takes exercise every morning to keep her figure. ②The Statue of Liberty standing on an island in New York Harbor is a__figure__of__a__woman (一个女人的形象)． ③如果我们能得到该国失业人口的真实数据，那就太好了。 It would be very nice if__we__had__a__true__figure__of how many people in this country hadn't got a job. 10 “by＋时间”作状语 【知识归纳】 “by＋时间”作状语，句子时态如下： (1)“by＋现在时间”，主句用现在完成时。 (2)“by＋过去时间”，主句用过去完成时。 (3)“by＋将来时间”，主句用将来完成时。 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①By the time the doctor arrived at the spot, the patient had__died (die)． ②By next Friday, her aunt will__have__left (leave) for London to attend a meeting. ③By now, five villagers have__been__attacked (attack) by the hairy creature. ④到晚会结束时，她已将假装的兴趣抛得一干二净。 By the end of the evening she__had__abandoned__all__pretence__of__being__interested． 11 “with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构 【知识归纳】 “with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”构成的复合结构作状语时，表示原因、条件、方式等。主要结构如下： 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①With a guide to__show (show) us around the scenic spots, we're sure to have a good time. ②With several problems remaining (remain) to be solved, we still need to hold another meeting as soon as possible. ③With more and more forests damaged (damage), some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out. ④(2023·全国甲卷)那本书里面充满了对我来说新鲜的想法，所以我整个夏天都在钻研那本书。 It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with__my__head__in__and__out__ of__that__book． Ⅲ　语基过关检测 维度一　单句语法填空 1．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Program evaluations (evaluate) show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. 2．(外研XB2­U5)Unfortunately, the cats subsequently (subsequent) developed an appetite for the birds, too. 3．(2024·广东江门高三质量检测)Improvements (improve) to energy efficiency, such as LED lights, are seen by many authorities as a top priority for cutting carbon emissions. 4．With over 80 beaches to__choose (choose) from, you are sure to find a place to lay your towel. 5．(2024·江西名校联盟高三质检)As we live in the electronic age, using various electronic devices for both study and entertainment (entertain) is an essential part of our lives. 6．Racegoers will be given a number which will correspond with/to a horse running in a race. 7．(人教XB4­U2)What's more, it made Sichuan one of the most productive (product) agricultural regions in China because the redirected water from the Min River could be used for irrigation. 8．We are aiming our campaign specifically (specific) at young people. 9．(译林B1­U1)After her conversation with Mr Zhou, Maggie wrote a proposal (propose) for a new school club. 10．(2024·广东四校高三联考)Two­thirds of the world population live under conditions where the freshwater demand is more than twice the natural water availability (available) for at least one month per year. 维度二　语篇练习 根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 ①Innovation (innovate) is very important in social development. The ancient Chinese made many great inventions, some of which have changed the world. For example, the ancient Chinese invented and were using paper, which was made from bamboo. It is helpful ②to__overcome (overcome) the difficulty of writing. Because of the invention of paper, China became the first nation to produce historical records, maps and literature. Bi Sheng is a ③gifted (有天赋的) person. In 1045 AD, he invented the printing press. This invention made it quicker and easier to reproduce written work and led to the first ever ④mass (大量的) production of books and literature. In the 8th century AD, gunpowder was invented, which was used in wars and led to the development of different kinds of weapons. For example, rockets carrying gunpowder could ⑤be__launched (launch) at enemy soldiers from a bamboo tube. The ancient Chinese invented the compass when they ⑥perceived (perceive) that certain kinds of metals usually lined up in a north or south position. While in the West magnetism was not discovered until the 15th century. Ⅳ　读写用·素养提升 维度一　一词多义/熟词生义 (一)根据语境选出加黑词device的含义 A．n. 设备，装置　B．n. 方法，手段 1．Her cool manner is just a device to avoid having to talk to people. ________ 2．Rescuers used a special device for finding people trapped in collapsed buildings. ________ 答案：1.B　2.A (二)根据语境选出加黑词correspond的含义 A．vi. 符合，一致　B．vi. 通信 1．The money I've saved corresponds roughly to the amount I need for my plane ticket.________ 2．She stopped corresponding with him after the death of her mother. ________ 答案：1.A　2.B (三)根据语境选出加黑词decline的含义 A．vi. 减少，降低　B．vi.& vt. 拒绝 1．They declined to tell me how they had obtained my address.________ 2．The number of students enrolling in the program has declined in recent years.________ 答案：1.B　2.A 维度二　构词法 (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. 合成词：动词find意为发现，找到，后缀­ing表示事物的性质或特征，finding意为研究的结果，发现。 维度三　长难句分析 (2023·全国甲卷)“Our hope is to have a clean, attractant­free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits，” says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula. 一划主干：“Our__hope__is__to__have__a__place，”__says__James__Jonkel。 二括修饰：where引导定语从句，修饰place；who引导定语从句，修饰biologist。 三会意：“我们的希望是有一个干净，无引诱物的地方，熊可以在这里通过而不会学习坏习惯，”詹姆斯·琼克尔说，他是一位长期在米苏拉及其周围管理熊的生物学家。 维度四　写作提能 完成句子/词汇升级/一句多译 1．在开始改变习惯前以及改变习惯的同时，我发现大量的阅读是非常重要的。(建议信) With every habit change, I__find__it__important__to__read as much as possible about it, before and during. 2．In__spite__of__what__happened (尽管发生了这一切), he never lost the will to live.(人物介绍) 3．中国的形象正在稳步提升， 更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。(电子邮件) China's image is improving steadily, with__more__countries__recognizing__its__role in international affairs. 4．Contemporary Chinese educational organization should not only stress learning and research, but want to be creative.be__dedicated__to__creativity 5．她刚才所说的同大多数人所持的观点不一致。 What she has just said doesn't__correspond__with/to the views of the majority. (correspond) ＝What she has just said isn't__in__correspondence__with the views of the majority. (correspondence) 课时作业 Ⅰ.阅读 A (2024·安徽省九师联盟高三月考)With new advances in AI and autonomous driverless cars and trains, it makes sense that this mode of transportation could be expanded to buses, too. Now a full­sized autonomous bus service is up and running in Scotland. The buses began running in May, 2023, and are carrying passengers between Ferrytoll Park and the Edinburgh Park train and tram exchange. This 14­mile route is the first of its kind in the UK. The autonomous buses are being operated by Stagecoach, the largest coach operator in the UK. While the buses are autonomous, fully self­driving vehicles are not currently permitted in the UK so a driver has to be onboard at all times. The vehicles are required to have a safety driver to monitor the technology and a bus captain that will help passengers board and purchase tickets. The driver can take control in case of an emergency situation. And the vehicles use sensors to travel on specific routes and can reach the top speed of 50 miles per hour. It took almost 10 years of research and development to reach this milestone, which is considered the first full­size use of autonomous buses in Europe. Scottish transport minister, Kevin Stewart, said in a press release, “It's really exciting to see the innovative and ambitious CAVForth project take to the roads after all the hard work of the partner organizations involved in bringing this world first to Scotland.” This project was one of six to receive funding from a joint UK government and industries undertaking to speed up the commercialization of self­driving technology, reported The Guardian. The government hopes the autonomous buses will be faster and more reliable to use than conventional buses since 88% of road accidents are caused by drivers' errors. Other countries in Europe are exploring using driverless buses. There have already been short trials in several cities in Italy, Finland and France and there're plans for driverless electric minibuses to be introduced in Switzerland, Germany and Norway. An autonomous bus may be just around the corner in a city near you. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种全尺寸的自动驾驶巴士服务已经在苏格兰费里托尔公园和爱丁堡公园的火车和电车交换站之间运送乘客，这是英国首条此类路线。 1．A driver is needed in an autonomous bus to ________． A．monitor the route B．deal with emergencies C．direct the bus D．help passengers buy tickets 答案：B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The vehicles are required ... in case of an emergency situation.”可知，自动驾驶巴士需要司机来处理紧急情况。故选B。 2．What does the author indicate in Paragraph 4? A．It is very easy to develop the driverless buses. B．The autonomous buses won't cause accidents. C．Scotland becomes popular for the driverless buses. D．The UK government values the autonomous buses. 答案：D　推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，该项目是英国政府和工业界联合资助的六个项目之一，旨在加快自动驾驶技术的商业化。由此可推知，英国政府重视自动驾驶公交车。故选D。 3．Which of the following can best describe the future of autonomous buses? A．Promising. B．Hopeless. C．Worrying. D．Uncertain. 答案：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，欧洲其他国家也在探索使用无人驾驶公交车。意大利、芬兰和法国的几个城市已经进行了短期试验，瑞士、德国和挪威也计划推出无人驾驶电动小巴。由此可推知，自动驾驶公交车的未来是很有前景的。故选A。 4．What could be a suitable title for the text? A．Autonomous Buses Are Widely Used in the UK B．Self­driving Technology Has Been a Hit C．Autonomous Buses Hit the Road in the UK D．Conventional Buses Are Much Safer 答案：C　标题判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中的“Now a full­sized autonomous bus service ... the first of its kind in the UK.”可知，文章主要讲述了一种全尺寸的自动驾驶巴士服务已经在苏格兰投入使用。C项(自动驾驶公交车在英国上路)最适合作为文章标题。故选C。 B (2024·广东省揭阳市高三月考)Booking your next vacation to space with out­of­this­world views could soon be a reality. Orbital Assembly Corporation announced two new station concepts designed with space tourism accommodations. One of the stations, called Pioneer, could orbit Earth as early as 2025. The Gateway Foundation circulated ideas for a space hotel in 2019. The goal of the stations is to run a space business park that can serve as a home away from home with room for offices and tourists. Orbital Assembly was founded by the Gateway Foundation team as a way to help make these dreams come true. The proposed Pioneer station can accommodate 28 people. The second station, Voyager, scheduled to open in 2027, can hold up to 400 people. “The goal has always been to make it possible for large numbers of people to live, work and thrive in space，\” says Orbital Assembly's COO Tim Alatorre. Both stations look like a wheel and will feature artificial gravity that allows guests to move comfortably on each station. Pioneer features five modules built around the rotating “Gravity Ring” architecture design. Tourists may still feel some weightlessness but will also be able to drink out of a cup and won't have to be tied to a bed to sleep. The gravity works similar to how a spinning bucket pushes the water out to the sides of the bucket and stays in place, Alatorre explains. Near the middle of the station, there will be no artificial gravity, but gravity gradually increases further away from the center. While the Pioneer station will be smaller than Voyager, guests can still shower, eat and drink sitting down in areas with gravity. Each station is furnished like luxury hotels on Earth. Voyager will feature a restaurant and suites with views of Earth. A significant barrier to space travel is the cost. However, Orbital Assembly expects tourists to seek a trek into space as space travel eventually becomes less expensive. “We envision our Pioneer and Voyager space stations as the ultimate ecotourism destinations. Once people get to space, it will change their perspective about Earth，” Alatorre says. “Space travel is still at its early stage, and we're excited to do our part to push it forward to help improve life on Earth.” 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了先锋号和旅行者号两个空间站的建设和运行情况。 5．What is the goal of the Pioneer and Voyager space stations? A．To revolutionize space travel. B．To serve as luxury hotels in space. C．To offer a unique and immersive experience. D．To enable large scale living and working in space. 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The goal of the stations ... for offices and tourists.”可知，这些空间站的目标是运营一个太空商业园区，为工作人员和游客提供空间，即先锋号和旅行者号空间站的目标是使在太空大规模生活和工作成为可能。故选D。 6．What do the Pioneer and Voyager stations have in common? A．Open time. B．Artificial gravity. C．Suites with views. D．Passenger capacity. 答案：B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Both stations look like ... move comfortably on each station.(两个空间站看起来都像一个轮子，并将采用人工重力，让乘客在每个空间站舒适地移动。)”可知，先锋号和旅行者号空间站的共同之处在于都采用了人工重力。故选B。 7．What can we learn from Paragraph 4? A．The “Gravity Ring” rotates around the station. B．The gravity is weak in the central point of the station. C．The “Gravity Ring” on Pioneer is identical with that on Voyager. D．The gravity operates like a spinning bucket keeping water inside. 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The gravity works similar to ... stays in place, Alatorre explains.”可知，重力的作用就像一个旋转的桶，把水锁在里面。故选D。 8．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Overcoming the Barrier: Space Tourism Becomes Affordable B．Space Hotels on the Horizon: Pioneer and Voyager Stations C．The Future of Space Travel: Pioneer and Voyager Stations D．Orbital Assembly: Space Tourism Dream Comes True 答案：B　标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了先锋号和旅行者号两个空间站的建设和运行情况。B项(地平线上的太空旅馆：先锋号和旅行者号空间站)最适合作为文章标题。故选B。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2023·黑龙江省佳木斯一中高三一模)Bingley, a Sayre School student from America, decided that he would devote himself to studying the environment to have a broad influence on the community. To reduce the carbon footprint, Bingley planned to __1__ enough solar energy to power the school's science labs. Now his plan is set to happen. To fix 30 solar panels is __2__ for late November. As he began his research __3__ solar energy, he discovered a useful phone app. By entering an address, he could find out how much sunlight the __4__ receives each day. Based on the data, he found that his school building was the best position. At the suggestion of his science teacher, Debbie Wheeler, he first performed an energy __5__ of the science lab to see how much energy a typical lab uses per day. Then, he started his research, __6__ a local company of solar panels to do the job. He lacked money for starting the project, so he __7__ Sayre's head to support him after explaining the __8__ of solar power for the school and community. Since Sayre provided the __9__ seed money (种子基金) to provide infrastructure and the purchase of one panel, the project has __10__ to include a total of 30 panels. They are expected to produce enough energy to __11__ all the science labs on campus. “It feels like a dream to think that an idea I had from my AP Environmental class would have this kind of __12__，” said Bingley, expressing gratitude for Wheeler's help. Wheeler said the success was due to Bingley's efforts and __13__ to follow through on the project from start to finish. “I've had other students talk about __14__ initiatives (倡议) on campus, but Bingley had the persistence and courage to make it happen，” she said. Bingley said that he would __15__ like to study environmental engineering at university. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了学生Bingley (宾利)为了减少碳足迹，进行科学研究，并在学校的资助下联系太阳能板公司安装太阳能板给学校科学实验室提供能量的故事。 1．A.explore B．invest C．produce D．switch 答案：C　explore 探索；invest 投资；produce 生产；switch 转变。根据下文“to power the school's science labs”可知，要生产足够的太阳能来为学校科学实验室提供能量。故选C。 2．A.defined B．identified C．output D．scheduled 答案：D　define 定义；identify 辨认出；output 输出；schedule 安排。根据上文“Now his plan is set to happen.”可知，安装30个太阳能板是按照计划进行的。故选D。 3．A.beyond B．on C．with D．through 答案：B　根据上文“Bingley planned to __1__ enough solar energy to power the school's science labs”可知，他要进行关于太阳能的研究。故选B。 4．A.location B．destination C．transmission D．occasion 答案：A　location 位置，地点；destination 目的地；transmission 传递，发送；occasion 场合。根据上文“entering an address”和下文“his school building was the best position”可知，他在研究每个位置能得到多少太阳照射。故选A。 5．A.income B．allowance C．budget D．calculation 答案：D　income 收入；allowance 津贴；budget 预算；calculation 计算。根据下文“to see how much energy a typical lab uses per day”可知，他需要计算实验室要用多少能量。故选D。 6．A.employing B．contacting C．protecting D．urging 答案：B　employ 雇用；contact 联系；protect 保护；urge 催促。根据下文“a local company of solar panels to do the job”可知，他与一家太阳能板公司联系后由该公司来完成能量的测算工作。故选B。 7．A.convinced B．demanded C．refreshed D．submitted 答案：A　convince 说服，使相信；demand 要求；refresh 使恢复精力；submit 上交。根据上文“He lacked money for starting the project”可知，他需要说服Sayre (塞尔)学校的领导支持他。故选A。 8．A.causes B．plots C．benefits D．origins 答案：C　cause 原因；plot 情节；benefit 好处；origin 起源。根据上文“he __7__ Sayre's head to support him”可知，他想要得到支持就需要向学校的领导解释清楚太阳能对学校和社区的好处。故选C。 9．A.initial B．flexible C．optional D．sustainable 答案：A　initial 最初的；flexible 灵活的；optional 可选择的；sustainable 持续的。根据下文“seed money (种子基金)”可知，这是他得到的第一笔资金支持。故选A。 10．A.awarded B．grown C．rewarded D．sponsored 答案：B　award 授予；grow 成长，逐渐成为；reward 酬谢；奖赏；sponsor 赞助。根据上文“the purchase of one panel”和下文“include a total of 30 panels”可知，该项目已经从最初购进一个太阳能板成长壮大，逐步成为拥有30个太阳能板的项目。故选B。 11．A.decorate B．furnish C．run D．equip 答案：C　decorate 装饰；furnish 提供，供应；run 运行；equip 装备，配备。根据上文“To reduce the carbon footprint ... the school's science labs.”可知，太阳能板生产足够的能量，是要使学校实验室运行起来。故选C。 12．A.influence B．criterion C．experience D．management 答案：A　句意：宾利表达了对Wheeler(惠勒)的感谢，他说，我从AP环境课上想出的主意有这种影响，这就像一个梦。influence 影响；criterion 标准；experience 经验；经历；management 管理。故选A。 13．A.caution B．encouragement C．inspiration D．willingness 答案：D　caution 小心，谨慎；encouragement 鼓励；inspiration 灵感，鼓舞；willingness 乐意。根据下文“to follow through on the project from start to finish”可知，Bingley是乐意坚持才获得成功的。故选D。 14．A.cultural B．environmental C．practical D．theoretical 答案：B　cultural 文化的；environmental 环境的；practical 实际的，实用的；theoretical 理论的。根据上文“he would devote himself to studying the environment to have a broad influence on the community”可知，此处指发出的倡议是有关环境的。故选B。 15．A.casually B．deliberately C．eventually D．gradually 答案：C　casually 随便地；deliberately 故意地；eventually 最后；gradually 逐渐。根据下文“like to study environmental engineering at university”可知，Bingley最终想要到大学去学习环境工程。故选C。 写作限时练(7) Ⅰ.应用文写作 (2024·贵州省贵阳市高三月考)假定你是李华，在“第七届世界智能大会”期间认识了英国笔友Peter，现在他已回国。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括： 1．回顾参会经历； 2．分享个人体会； 3．希望保持联系。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：世界智能大会 World Intelligence Congress Dear Peter， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Yours， Li Hua [精彩范文] Dear Peter， How is everything going? With heartfelt delight, I'm writing to share my sincere feeling about the 7th World Intelligence Congress with you. Although two weeks has passed since you returned home, I can still recall the exciting moments we spent together. In the Congress, smart robots took center stage, showcasing their remarkable capabilities and potential. Especially, the AI calligraphy robot wielded brush and splashed ink on site, which made both of us amazed. Robots are now capable of extraordinary tasks, from brewing coffee and playing soccer to conducting industrial inspections and storing components. We know using science and technology can enable industrial development and enable people to live a better life. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours， Li Hua Ⅱ.读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (2024·河北省新时代NT教育高三阶段测试)In my first years of college, I was still an angry adolescent. I hated my father for his controlling ways and I wanted to break free from his grasp. One day, I had a serious fight with him, and I stormed out of the house, missing my bus to school. As I walked towards the classroom, I suddenly realized that I had forgotten to bring the assignment that was due: a thought card. Professor Simon had explained that every Tuesday we must bring along a thought card, on which we wrote a thought, a concern, a question or anything that was on our mind and that he would return the card every Wednesday with his comment or answer on it. He stressed that the card was our admission to class on Tuesdays. Now, I raced down the hallway, ten minutes late to class. Just outside the door, I took out a thought card and wrote on it “I am the son of an IDIOT！”， as I could only think about the conflict I'd just had with my dad. Then I dashed into the room, handed the card to Professor Simon and took my seat. The moment I reached my seat, I regretted telling him that about my dad. I didn't want to expose myself to him. On the Wednesday morning I got to the class early and hid in the back. Professor Simon began returning our thought cards. On my card was written, “What does ‘the son of an idiot’ do with the rest of his life？” His question got right to the heart of the issue: Whose problem was it? Whose responsibility was it? Professor Simon's comment kept coming up in my mind over the next few weeks. “What does ‘the son of an idiot’ do with the rest of his life？” The question gnawed at (困扰) me, like a mouse gnawing at a rotten piece of wood until it finally falls apart. It was a simple question, but it opened up a Pandora's box of emotions and thoughts. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150个左右； 2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 I found myself thinking about what he had said more and more often. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 I began to make changes in my life.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者很讨厌父亲的控制方式。一天，在和父亲吵架后，作者在思想卡上写道“我是白痴的儿子”。老师提出了“‘白痴的儿子’该怎么度过余生呢？”这个问题，引发了作者的思考。作者会如何思考父亲的行为呢？作者会如何改变和父亲的关系呢？ [精彩范文] I found myself thinking about what he had said more and more often. I realized that my father's controlling behavior was not just about him; it was also about me. It was about whether or not I could accept who I was. I also realized that my father's behavior was not just his fault; it was also my fault. It was my responsibility to understand him, to understand his pain and his struggles, and to try to come to terms with it all. It was my responsibility to find a way to be happy with who I was. I began to make changes in my life. I started by trying to understand my father more. I started by trying to understand myself more. Slowly, my thinking began to shift. People began to notice that I was taking responsibility for my doings and choices. My grades improved. My relationship with my father also improved dramatically. Now I saw him as concerned and caring, instead of controlling. And it all started with a question, an innocent­seeming question. 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$