选择性必修第四册 UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE-【金版教程】2025年高考英语一轮复习解决方案全书word（新教材，北师大版）

金版教程　高考科学复习解决方案　英语[S] 一　词汇过关测＋练 1．compromise　com­ 共同，一起＋promise 答应，允诺→共同答应一件事；引申为折中，妥协 2．departure　de­ 去掉，变坏，离开，变慢，向下，part 部分，­ure名词词尾→变成部分；引申为离开，起程 3．remote　re­ 用于加强语气，重新，再次，回到，反向＋mot 移动＋e→移动起来；引申为偏僻的，偏远的 4．tolerate　toler 容忍，­ate做→忍耐着做事情；引申为忍受；忍耐；容忍，容许；宽容 5．unsuspecting　un­ 不，无，suspect 怀疑，­ing形容词后缀→不再怀疑；引申为无提防之心的，无疑心的 1．incident n. (尤指不平常的、重要的或暴力的)事件 2．inquire vi.& vt. 询问，打听 3．resolve vt. 解决(问题、困难) 4．monitor vt. 监督；监视；监测，检测　n. 显示器，监视器 5．pile n. 一大堆 6．inconvenience n. 不便，麻烦 7．prejudiced adj. 有偏见的，有成见的，歧视的 8．ashamed adj. 内疚的，惭愧的 9．plug vt. 把……塞住，堵塞；填塞 10．pack vi.& vt. 打包　n. 包，包裹 11．false adj. 不正确的，错的；假的，不真实的 12．dozen num. 一打 13．display vt. 展示，陈列 14．vote n. 投票(指行为)；票数 15．resolution n. 决定；解决 16．warning n. 警告，警示；告诫 17．cease vt.& vi. 停止，终止，结束 18．edge n. 边缘，外围 19．literally adv. 确实地 20．bother vt.& vi. (使)担心，(使)生气，(使)苦恼 21．detect vt. 发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物) 22．recall vi.& vt. 回想，回忆起 23．soldier n. 士兵，军人 24．border n. 国界，边界；边境地区 25．loose adj. 松的；宽大的 26．representative n. 代表，代理人 27．greet vt. 问候，迎接，招呼 28．tobacco n. 烟叶，烟草 29．panic n. 惊恐，惶恐，惊慌 30．midnight n. 子夜，午夜 31．arrest vt. 逮捕，拘捕；抑制；阻止 32．ban vt. 禁止，取缔　n. 禁令，禁止 33．cigarette n. 香烟 34．conclude vt. 作出结论，推断出 35．beneficial adj. 有利的，有帮助的，有用的 36．permanent adj. 永久的，长久的 37．recovery n. 康复，痊愈 38．request n．& vt. 请求，要求 39．fried adj. 油炸的，油煎的 40．keen adj. 着迷的，有强烈兴趣的 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Neither won the race, but the display (展示) of human kindness won the day. 2．(人教XB1­U4)Whatever it is, I know I need to inquire (询问) and assess what is going on. 3．(2024·云南省三校高三联考)This year China will focus on boosting domestic demand by prioritizing the recovery (康复) and expansion of consumption. 4．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Part one concludes (作出结论) by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. 5．(2024·河北省高三质量检测)At the end of the story, your conflict should be resolved (解决)． 6．(2024·广东省七校联合体高三联考)It's difficult for participants to detect (察觉) liars by using multiple cues like eye contact. 7．(2024·重庆市南开中学高三检测)In the ICU, torpor could also be applied before drugs and monitoring (监视) are involved in patient care. 8．(2023·全国甲卷)However, Carson's theme is a more weighty warning (警告) about environmental destruction. 9．He walked across the street, hoping the dog wouldn't bother (使苦恼) him, and he also picked up a ball and threw it in the opposite direction. 10．(2024·广东省四校高三联考)In order to get there by six in the morning, he thought that the safest way would be to leave at midnight (子夜). 1．maturity n. 成熟→mature adj. 成熟的 2．complaint n. 投诉→complain vi. 抱怨；投诉 3．bitter adj. 愤愤不平的；带来痛苦的，令人难过的；苦的→bitterly adv. 苦涩地；愤怒地；痛苦地→bitterness n. 苦味；痛苦 4．mud n. 泥，烂泥→muddy adj. 泥泞的 5．murder n. 谋杀，凶杀；谋杀罪→murderer n. 凶手；谋杀犯→murderee n. 被谋杀的人 6．assign vt. 分配，分派，指派(任务)→assignment n. 任务 7．pleasant adj. 礼貌而友善的，和蔼可亲的→please vi.& vt. 请；使高兴，取悦→pleased adj. 感到高兴的→pleasure n. 愉悦，高兴 8．firmly adv. 坚定地，坚决地→firm adj. 坚定的，坚决的；牢固的 9．negotiate vi.& vt. 谈判，协商→negotiation n. 谈判，协商 10．harm vt. 伤害　n. 损害，危害→harmful adj. 有害的→harmless adj. 无害的 11．withdraw vi.& vt. (使)退出(活动、组织等) →withdrawal n. 退出；离开；提取 12．violent adj. 猛烈的，剧烈的→violently adv. 激烈地，剧烈地；凶猛地，暴力地→violence n. 暴力行为，暴力 13．distribute vt. 分发，分配，分送→distribution n. 分布；分配物；配给物 14．appreciate vt. 感激；欣赏→appreciation n. 感激→appreciative adj. 有欣赏力的；感激的；欣赏的 15．desirable adj. 理想的，值得拥有的；值得做的→desire vt.& n. 渴望 16．identification n. 身份证明(文件)→identify vt. 识别；确认 17．invest vi.& vt. 投资→investment n. 投资 18．greed n. 贪欲，贪婪→greedy adj. 贪婪的→greedily adv. 贪婪地 19．temporary adj. 暂时的，临时的；短期的→temporarily adv. 暂时地，临时地；短期地 20．annoy vt. 使恼怒，使生气→annoying adj. 讨厌的，令人气恼的→annoyed adj. 烦恼的，生气的→annoyance n. 烦恼 1．The sides had managed to negotiate an agreement. Finally, it was reached after a series of difficult negotiations. (negotiate) 2．The interview showed her as a self­assured and mature student. Her speech showed great maturity and humanity. (mature) 3．Every available officer will be assigned to the investigation. It was a joyous assignment—more of a holiday really. (assign) 4．We've had complaints that you've been playing your radio too loud. Lots of people have complained about the noise. (complain) 5．He'd suffered terribly over the years but it hadn't made him bitter. She wept bitterly at his experience. (bitter) 6．The trail was wet and muddy and the truck got stuck in the mud．(mud) 7．The pleased look on her face indicates that she enjoys the simple pleasure of life. (please) 8．Always shake with a firm handshake. I cannot tell you how many times I have shaken someone's hand firmly. It shows confidence! (firm) 9．They aim to achieve a more equitable distribution of resources. The books will be distributed free to local schools. (distribute) 10．The house is in a very desirable area of the city. But it is so noisy that I desire only to be left in peace. (desire) 1 monitor [熟义]　n. 班长 [生义]　n. 显示器，屏幕　vt. 监控；监测；监视；监听；密切注视 ①Doctors watched the old man's heartbeat on a monitor. 医生们通过显示器监测这个老人的心跳。 ②The CIA were monitoring his phone calls. 中央情报局正在对他的电话进行监听。 2 edge [熟义]　n. 边缘，外围 [生义]　n. 刀口，刃；优势，优越之处 ①If you try to cut stone with a knife, you will blunt the edge. 如果你尝试以刀砍石，你就会把刀刃弄钝。 ②In terms of experience, she definitely had the edge over the other people that we interviewed. 就工作经验而言，她显然要比我们面试过的其他人有优势。 3 tailor [熟义]　n. (男装)裁缝 [生义]　vt. 专门制作，订做 We tailor any of our products to your company's specific needs. 我们可以根据贵公司的特定需求定制产品。 4 general [熟义]　n. 将军，上将 [生义]　adj. 总体的，普遍的 The general feeling is that justice was not served. 普遍的感觉是正义没有得到伸张。 小积累 　1.“有点”家族 ①somewhat 有点，有几分 ②in a way 有点，在某种程度上 ③a little bit 有一点 ④more or less 或多或少 ⑤kind of 有点；稍微 2.“对……有好处”聚焦 ①be beneficial to sb 对某人有好处 ②in one's favor 对……有利；支持某人 ③be helpful to sb 有助于某人 ④do sb good 对某人有好处 ⑤be good for sb 对某人有好处 ⑥benefit sb 对某人有益 3.后缀“­tive”名词一览 ①representative 代表，代理人 ②alternative 可供选择的事物，替代物 ③perspective (观察问题的)视角，观点 ④objective 目的，目标 二　语块过关测＋练 1．have__to__do__sth 不得不做某事 2．ought__to__do__sth 应该做某事 3．put__forward 提出 4．apologise__for 为……道歉 5．take__action 采取行动 6．set__the__ball__rolling 使……开始 7．sort__of 有几分地 8．be__likely__to__do__sth 很可能做某事 9．happen__to__do__sth 碰巧做某事 10．get__rid__of 去掉，摆脱 1．(2023·浙江高考1月)Then you won't have__to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals. 2．We figured that in twenty years each of us ought__to have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made, whatever they were going to be. 3．(2024·湖南省部分学校高三检测)A few months ago, I was down with a terrible cold which ended in a cough that was hard to get__rid__of． 4．(人教B2­U4)And if you introduce yourself to a friendly face, you are more than likely__to experience local culture and customs first－hand. 5．(2024·Z20名校联盟高三联考)Apart from ren, Confucius put__forward another concept, which is yi or righteousness. 三　句式迁移练 1．if引导的虚拟条件句 【迁移创新】I would have helped you if__I__had__known__your__difficulties． 要是我知道你的窘境，我就会帮助你了。 2．doing作主语 【迁移创新】Doing__more__reading in the morning will benefit you a great deal. 早上多读点书对你有很大的好处。 3．“would like to do”结构 【迁移创新】Many teachers would__like__to__be more adventurous and creative for they want to contribute more to society. 许多教师愿意更加进取，更富创造性，因为他们想为社会做出更多的贡献。 4．“was/were doing sth when ...”结构 【迁移创新】The farmers were__picking__apples__when suddenly they saw a group of students coming to help. 农民们正在摘苹果，突然他们看到一群学生来帮忙。 5．“This is because ... ”结构 【迁移创新】This__is__because helping someone else gives you a sense of purpose and makes you pay attention to the positive things in life. 这是因为帮助别人会给你一种使命感，让你关注生活中积极的事情。 Ⅰ　忆课文·语篇理解 Here are two newspaper reports on neighbourhood conflicts. The first one is about a drummer called Ma Ming. __1__ (be) single, he often held parties at night. The big noise and his __2__ (tend) to drum late at night drove his neighbours mad. Thus complaints were filled and the community council took action: they took a vote, and came to a resolution __3__ Ma Ming ought to cease __4__ (drum) or leave the property. He chose the latter and moved out of the apartment, __5__ pleased his neighbours. Actually, he didn't really mind having to leave the flat. He's just bitter over the fact that people thought of his music as “noise”． The second one is about Grandpa James McKay. Smith, the neighbour upstairs is a keen gardener, and also a fish collector. __6__ (fortunately), the water he __7__ (send) over his balcony every day ended __8__ on the McKays' floor, __9__ too often, on the unsuspecting McKays themselves. After Smith emptied one of his larger __10__ (tank) over his balcony, the eighty­year­old retired tailor was wet through on his birthday and could no longer tolerate it and hit Smith with his walking stick. Thus McKay spent Saturday night in a cell. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 答案：1.Being　2.tendency　3.that　4.drumming　5.which　6.Unfortunately　7.sent　8.up　9.or　10.tanks The whole passage consists __1__ three stories about war. The first one tells a story of Do Chuc, a Vietnamese farmer __2__ two daughters and an aunt were killed by American soldiers. He was wounded in the leg, __3__ he was covered by dead bodies and thus saved. The second story __4__ (take) place on Christmas morning. After a long time of battle, the __5__ (soldier) of the two sides __6__ (feed) up with the war. So the officers came to an understanding that they would celebrate Christmas __7__ (peace) until midnight. The soldiers spoke with the enemy soldiers and enjoyed beer together. They spent the Christmas without __8__ (fire) a shot. The third story happened in a hospital about a brave young soldier who didn't accept the watch as an award from the general, because he had both of his legs __9__ (blow) off in a war, which made him __10__ (depress)． 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 答案：1.of　2.whose　3.but　4.took　5.soldiers　6.were fed　7.peacefully　8.firing　9.blown　10.depressed Ⅱ　学思悟·重点突破 1 negotiate vi.& vt. 谈判，协商；越过(☞negotiation n. 谈判，协商) 【知识归纳】 (1)negotiate with sb 与某人协商 negotiate for sth 因某事协商 negotiate problems 协商问题 (2)under negotiation 正在协商中 【语用点拨】 ①The only way to negotiate the muddy hillside is on foot.越过那个泥泞的山坡只能靠步行。(动作描写) ②I'm negotiating for a new contract.我正在为签订一份新合同进行协商。(日记) ③The exact details of the agreement are still under negotiation. 协议的确切条款仍在协商中。(电子邮件) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①To protect the interests of the majority, the government has refused to negotiate with the strikers. ②He spent ages negotiating for a pay increase, only to resign from his job soon after he'd received it. ③The agreement was reached after a series of difficult negotiations (negotiate)． ④这家公司在开业的第一年遇到了一些有待协商的棘手的问题。 The company's had some tricky__problems__to__negotiate in its first year in business. 2 compromise n. 折中，妥协　v. 妥协，折中 【知识归纳】 (1)compromise with sb 与某人妥协 compromise on sth 以折中方法解决争论、争端等；在某事上妥协 (2)reach/come to a compromise (between A and B/on sth) (A与B之间/就某事)和解/达成妥协 make a compromise with 与……妥协 【语用点拨】 ①Encourage your child to reach a compromise between what he wants and what you want.鼓励你的孩子在他想要的和你想要的之间折中。(安慰信) ②It is hoped that a compromise will be reached in today's talks.希望今天的会谈能达成和解。(想法表述) ③Don't compromise your beliefs/principles for the sake of being accepted.不要为了得到别人的认同就放弃你自己的信仰/原则。(建议信) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①After a long talk, the two sides came to a compromise. ②Sometimes, it's necessary to compromise with your friends when you want to keep the friendship. ③有些人认为，为了人类的进步，必须做出妥协。 Some argued that compromises__must__be__made for the progress of humanity. 3 assign vt. 分配，分派，指派(任务)(☞assignment n. 任务) 【知识归纳】 (1)assign sb the task 给某人分派任务 assign sth to sb 把某事分派给某人 assign the blame for the accident to 把事故的责任归因于…… (2)a photo assignment 摄影任务 【语用点拨】 ①Have you assigned a day for the interviews yet？你们定下哪一天进行面试了吗？(咨询信) ②I have a lot of reading assignments to complete before the end of term.期末前我有大量阅读作业要完成。(道歉信) ③She first visited Norway on assignment for the Winter Olympics ten years ago. 她十年前因为冬奥会的任务第一次访问挪威。(人物描写) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The case has been assigned to our most senior officer. ②She is in Greece on an assignment (assign) for one of the Sunday newspapers. ③Within six months, she was__assigned__to__a__higher__position (被调到更高的职位) which usually took four years to achieve. ④报告将事故的责任归咎于安全规则不完善。 The report assigned__the__blame__for__the__accident__to inadequate safety regulations. 4 pack vi.& vt. 打包　n. 包，包裹 【知识归纳】 (1)pack up 将(东西)装箱打包，收拾行李；收拾 be packed with 挤满；塞满 (2)a pack of 一包，一袋，一群 【语用点拨】 ①He told me a pack of lies about his past.他对我撒了一大堆关于他过去的谎言。(人物描写) ②We arrived just as the musicians were packing up their instruments. 我们到场时乐队已经开始收拾乐器了。(情景描写) ③Despite persistent rain showers, the lawn and pavilion were packed with fans. 尽管有持续的阵雨，草坪上和亭子里还是挤满了仰慕者。(场景描写) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He thus avoided a pack of journalists eager to question him. ②There was only one public bathroom in the small county town and it was always packed with people. ③(2023·全国乙卷)她不得不收拾她在弗吉尼亚的卧室。 She had to pack__up__her__bedroom in Virginia. 5 tolerate vt. 忍受；忍耐；容忍，容许；宽容(☞tolerant adj. 能忍受的；宽容的 ☞tolerable adj. 可接受的；可容忍的 ☞tolerance n. 容忍；宽容；忍耐力) 【知识归纳】 (1)tolerate sb doing sth 容忍某人做某事 (2)be tolerant of 对……宽容；对……容忍 (3)be barely tolerable 难以忍受的 (4)develop a greater tolerance of/towards contrary points of view 对相反观点能更加宽容 a greater tolerance to the drug 对药物有更强的耐受性 show much tolerance to/towards sb 对某人宽容 (5)put up with＝tolerate 忍受，容忍 【语用点拨】 ①For me it's friendships that make life tolerable.对我而言，是友谊才使生活尚且过得去。(征文) ②Chinese parents won't tolerate their children knocking bowls with chopsticks when having dinner. 中国的父母不容许他们的孩子在就餐时用筷子敲碗。(电子邮件) ③My tolerance to heat is considerably greater after having lived in the Far East for a couple of years.在远东生活了几年后，我的耐热能力大为增强。(日记) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①As a good leader, she was always tolerant (tolerate) towards different views. ②The pain was severe but it's tolerable (tolerate)． ③Tolerance (tolerate) consists in respecting the opinions of others. ④I can't tolerate working (work) with Kate in the same office; she just refuses to stop talking while she works. ⑤(2023·全国甲卷)So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the__only__state__we__will__tolerate (我们唯一能容忍的状态), and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. 6 panic n. 惊恐，惶恐，惊慌　v. (使)惊慌，惊慌失措 【知识归纳】 (1)in (a) panic 惊慌失措地 get into a panic 陷入惊慌状态；陷入恐慌 (2)panic sb into doing sth 使某人(因惊慌)仓促做某事 panic over/about sth 因……恐慌 【语用点拨】 ①Keep in mind that no matter what happens, don't panic.记住，无论发生什么事情，都不要惊慌失措。(劝慰信) ②Rumours panicked many citizens into flooding into supermarkets to buy salt. 谣言令许多市民涌入超市买盐。(调查报告) ③A wave of panic swept through the crowd and people started running. 一阵恐慌席卷了人群，人们开始逃跑。(场景描写) 【名师点津】表示“惊恐”的词汇总结： ①panic v．& n. 惊慌，恐慌 ②alarm v．& n. (使)惊恐，警报 ③frighten v. 使害怕，吓唬 ④horror n. 惊骇，恐怖 ⑤terror n. 恐怖，惊骇 ⑥shock v．& n. 使吃惊，震惊 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Office workers fled in panic as the building caught fire. ②He got into a panic that he would forget his lines on stage. ③The boss always panics over/about the budget every month. ④一场地震袭击了首都，造成建筑物的损坏和人们的惊慌。 An earthquake has hit the capital, causing__damage__to__buildings__and__panic__among__the__population． 7 distribute vt. 分发，分配，分送(☞distribution n. 分布；分配物；配给物) 【知识归纳】 (1)distribute ... to ... 把……分配给…… distribute ... among ... 在……中分发/分配…… (2)distribution costs 分销成本；配送费用 a distribution of ……的分配；……的分布 a map showing distribution of global population 世界人口分布图 【语用点拨】 ①In Western countries, due to the unreasonable individual income distribution, the gap between the rich and the poor has become an outstanding issue. 在西方国家， 由于不合理的个人收入分配， 贫富差距已经成为一个突出的问题。(调查报告) ②The books will be distributed free to local schools.这些书将免费发放给当地学校。(投稿) ③There is an uneven distribution of wealth across the country from the north to the south. 从北到南，全国财富分配不均。(调查报告) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Then we distributed some presents such as books and schoolbags to/among them. ②Who will take charge of the distribution (distribute) of food and clothing to the flood victims? ③Thousands of soldiers are working to distribute food and blankets to the refugees. ④Water resources are unevenly__distributed__globally (全球分布不均)． 8 ban vt. 禁止，取缔　n. 禁令，禁止 【知识归纳】 (1)ban doing sth 禁止做某事 ban sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事 (2)a ban on 关于……的禁令；禁止 put a ban on 禁止 【语用点拨】 ①Certain chemicals have been banned because of their damaging effect on the environment. 由于某些化学产品对环境的破坏性影响，它们已被禁止使用。(调查报告) ②There should be a ban on talking loudly in cinemas.电影院里应该禁止大声交谈。(通知) ③I certainly think it's necessary to put a ban on tobacco advertising. 我确实认为应该禁止香烟广告。(投诉信) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He was banned from driving for three years because of the accident he caused. ②They signed agreements banning using (use) chemical weapons. ③政府下令禁止吃野生动物。 The government put__a__ban__on eating wild animals. 9 conclude vt. 作出结论，推断出　vt.& vi. (使)结束，终止(☞conclusion n. 结论 ☞conclusive adj. 最后的；结尾的) 【知识归纳】 (1)conclude ... with ... 用……来总结……；以……结束…… conclude (from ...) that ... (从……中)推断出/断定…… (2)in conclusion 最后；总之 reach/draw/come to/arrive at a conclusion (from ...) (从……中)得出结论 【语用点拨】 ①Now let me conclude my speech with a famous saying: Where there is a will, there is a way.现在让我用一句名言来结束我的演讲：“有志者， 事竟成”。(演讲稿) ②I reached/drew/came to/arrived at a conclusion from my own experiences that all roads lead to Rome. 我从自己的经历中得出结论：条条大路通罗马。(建议信) ③In conclusion, what we should do is to take action to protect the environment.总之，我们应该做的是采取行动保护环境。(倡议书) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①We can come to the conclusion that nothing is so precious as freedom in the world. ②In conclusion, people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage. ③What can we conclude from Stafford's research? ④(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)每一章都以一系列实践作为结束，这些实践旨在帮助你按照本章的重要观点而行动。 Each chapter concludes__with__a__collection__of__practices,__which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. 10 put forward 提出，提议；推荐；将……提前；拨快(时钟指针) 【知识归纳】 put ... away 把……收拾好；储存…… put off 推迟；延期 put on 穿上(衣服)；上演(戏剧等) put through 接通(电话)；完成 put up 修建；举起；抬起；张贴；(为……)提供食宿；提高(价钱) put up with 忍受；容忍 put out 伸出(手、脚等)；扑灭 put down (把……)放下；写下；记下；平息(叛乱等) 【语境运用】用put的相关短语填空/完成句子 ①I'm not going to put__up__with their smoking any longer. ②Many of us have heard suggestions like these put__forward by parents or others close to us. ③今日事今日毕。 Never__put__off__till__tomorrow what you can do today. 11 “would have done”虚拟语气 【知识归纳】 if条件句中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气 主句谓语动词 从句谓语动词 虚拟现在 should/would/could/might＋do 过去式(be用were) 虚拟过去 should/would/could/might＋have done had＋过去分词 虚拟将来 should/would/could/might＋do 过去式/were to do/should do 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①If I were you, I would__have__thought (think) he was too old to do that job. ②The pills might__have__helped (help) him, if only he'd taken them regularly. ③如果你没有弄丢地图，我们现在就回到旅馆了。 We__would__be__back__in__the__hotel__now if you hadn't lost the map. 12 “was/were doing sth when ...”结构 【知识归纳】 when作并列连词时的常用句型： sb was doing sth when ... 某人正在做某事，这时…… sb was about to do sth when ... 某人正要做某事，这时…… sb was on the point of doing sth when ... 某人正要做某事，这时…… sb had just done sth when ... 某人刚做完某事，这时…… 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①She was__thinking (think) when something noisy from the window distracted her attention. ②He was on the point of saying something when the phone rang. ③他正准备关门时，突然想起了一个主意。 He__was__about__to__shut__the__door__when an idea came to him. Ⅲ　语基过关检测 维度一　单句语法填空 1．(2023·全国甲卷)Bangkok is a highly desirable (desire) destination for food lovers. 2．(2023·全国乙卷)In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine. 3．She was__walking (walk) along the bank of river when she heard a cry for help. 4．(2024·湖北省黄冈市高三调研考试)Blessed with pleasant (please) climate and few wars, Hangzhou has gradually formed its own urban character. 5．(译林B3­U4)Perhaps the next generation of scientists, drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine, will indeed discover more medicines beneficial (benefit) to global health care. 6．He did not have any identification (identify) when he arrived at the hospital. 7．If the manager had__phoned (phone) you in person, it would have been impolitic to refuse his offer. 8．The next morning, I packed the car with everything needed for our hospital stay and headed to school to see my students. 9．He seemed to take it for granted that he should speak as a representative (represent)． 10．(外研XB2­U5)In 2014, Macquarie Island was declared pest－free and the island's ecology is finally on the road to recovery (recover)． 维度二　语篇练习 根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 The students held a discussion about whether to ask for compensation if they fall on campus. Some students argue that any student ①should__not__be__motivated__by__greed (不应该受贪婪之心所驱使). The school should not ②be__responsible__for (对……负责) the students' falling due to their own fault. To be honest, it's likely that any student will fall in rainy days. If so, what the parents do is to ③negotiate__with (与……协商) the school instead of taking violent action. ④Literally (确实地), what if you trip on ⑤a__loose__piece__of__carpet (一块松的地毯) and twist your ankle at home some day? Whether will you ask the parents to ⑥deal__with__your__requests (解决你的诉求) for compensation? ⑦In__conclusion (总之), everyone should be careful not to fall anywhere. Ⅳ　读写用·素养提升 维度一　一词多义/熟词生义 (一)根据语境选出加黑词edge的含义 A．n. 边缘，外围　B．n. 刀口，刀刃　C．n. 优势，优越之处 1．Bread knives should have a serrated edge. ________ 2．A man was standing at the water's edge with a small boy. ________ 3．The three days you have to prepare could give you the edge over your opponents. ________ 答案：1.B　2.A　3.C (二)根据语境选出加黑词tailor的含义 A．n. (男装)裁缝　B．vt. 专门制作，使适应特定需要 1．Most travel agents are prepared to tailor travel arrangements to meet individual requirements. ________ 2．When he was young, his father was a tailor in a small town. ________ 答案：1.B　2.A (三)根据语境选出加黑词general的含义 A．adj. 总体的，普遍的　B．n. 将军，上将 1．The general massed his troops for a final attack. ________ 2．The figures represent a general decline in employment. ________ 答案：1.B　2.A 维度二　构词法 (2023·全国甲卷)“Showing thankfulness can foster self－control，” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. 合成词：名词self意为自己，自我，动词control意为控制，掌管，合成词self－control意为自制力；自我控制。 维度三　长难句分析 (2023·全国甲卷)The best table in this two­story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. 一划主干：The__best__table__offers__a__window。 二括修饰：in this two­story colonial Thai home是介词短语，作定语；where引导定语从句。 三会意：在这座两层的殖民地时期的泰国住宅中，最好的桌子有一扇通往厨房的窗口，在那里你可以看到厨师加根和他的员工在工作。 维度四　写作提能 完成句子/词汇升级/一句多译 1．他们没有勇气为自己的行为道歉。 They do not have the courage to apologise__for their actions. 2．I began to suspect that they were trying to get__rid__of (摆脱) me. 3．Putting on an opera is a tremendous enterprise involving indeed hundreds of people. (通知)literally 4．综上所述，散步是一种廉价、安全、有趣而又随时可以开展的运动形式。(建议信) All__in__all,__walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable, and readily available form of exercise. ＝In__conclusion，walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable, and readily available form of exercise. 5．经过一番讨论后，我们在活动形式这一问题上达成了妥协。(电子邮件) After some discussion we reached__a__compromise on the form of activities. ＝After some discussion we compromised on the form of activities. 课时作业 Ⅰ.阅读 A (2024·广东省深圳市高三调研考试)Anyone can be late a handful of times, but to be the person who is always late—that's an art, a frustrating art. Or, a side effect of your personality traits, scientists have found. So what is it that causes some people to constantly miss trains, make it to the wedding just after the bride's shown up and regularly annoy their friends? And why is it so hard for us to fix it? “There are all sorts of punishments for being late, and the paradox is that we are late even when those punishments and consequences exist，” said Justin Kruger, a social psychologist at New York University. One of the commonest reasons why people are frequently late is that they fail to accurately judge how long a task will take—something known as the planning fallacy (谬误). Research has shown that people on average underestimate the time to complete a task by a significant 40 percent. Another trait is that forever­late­comers are more likely to be multitaskers. In a 2003 study run by Jeff Conte from San Diego State University found that out of 181 subway operators in New York City, those who preferred multitasking were more often late for their job. This is because multitasking makes it harder to have the awareness of what you're doing. Conte also discovered there is a personality type that's more likely to be late. While highly strung (紧张不安), achievement­oriented Type A individuals are more possible to be punctual. Type B individuals, however, who are more laid­back (漫不经心), have a higher chance to be late. Admittedly, knowing all of this doesn't necessarily help fix the problem. But scientists are starting to work on strategies that can slowly improve our punctuality. For people who constantly underestimate tasks, breaking down an activity into detailed steps can help people estimate how long something will take more accurately. As for your personality type, unfortunately, there isn't much you can do to change that. But accepting that you need to struggle for it may just help. Acceptance, after all, is the first step to change. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了迟到的原因可能与性格特征相关，并提出了一些相应的策略。 1．What does the underlined word “paradox” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Strategy. B．Argument. C．Solution. D．Puzzle. 答案：D　词义猜测题。根据画线词前文“There are all sorts of punishments for being late”和后文“we are late even when those punishments and consequences exist”可知，迟到了会受到惩罚，令人费解的是即使有惩罚，我们仍然会迟到。由此可知，画线词与puzzle “令人费解的事”意义相近。故选D。 2．What is a possible feature of forever­late­comers? A．They plan to spend more time on a task. B．They tackle more than one task at a time. C．They suffer from concentration difficulties. D．They have high expectations for achievements. 答案：B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Another trait is that forever­late­comers are more likely to be multitaskers.”可知，永远迟到的人的特点可能是他们一次要处理很多任务。故选B。 3．Which advice can be given to people who are always late? A．Learn to accept who you are. B．Change your personality type. C．Divide a task into smaller ones. D．Keep to the timetable accurately. 答案：C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“But scientists are starting to work on ... will take more accurately.”可知，对于那些经常迟到的人，他们可以将任务分解成一些小任务，从而更好地估计任务所花费的时间。故选C。 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．Time management contributes to success. B．Late comers should be severely punished. C．One's always being late is linked to personality. D．Changing personality helps improve punctuality. 答案：C　主旨大意题。根据第一段以及后文对迟到人的特征的分析可知，本文主要介绍迟到可能与性格相关。故选C。 B (2023·河南省郑州外国语学校高三月考)In over 25 years, DeSimone has spun his research findings into commercial gold by launching several businesses. As a faculty member at the University of North Cai'olina, he provided scientific advice and held equity in the businesses. But he has never actually managed his companies. His employers bar him from simultaneously holding an academic post and an executive position. The dual roles can present huge conflicts. Conflicts of interest (COIs)occur when an individual's personal interests—family, friendships, financial, or social factors—could compromise his or her judgment, decisions, or actions in the workplace, and it makes sound career sense to think about how to manage them. Researchers should disclose potential or existing conflicts across all aspects of academic life. In most places, COI management runs on an honor system. Researchers decide which financial holdings and relationships to disclose to university administrators. Journals and funders adopt a similar system when they ask authors and peer reviewers about potential conflicts related to manuscript or grant approvals. Most research institutions offer training to help faculty members to understand what constitutes a potential or existing conflict. Administrators then decide whether the interest presents a conflict, and whether that conflict can be handled. If so, they create a management plan to address it. If not, researchers must abandon the work, partner with researchers at other institutions, or leave their university. Perception plays a part in defining a potential conflict, warns Walt, a chemist at Tufts University. Investigators who develop a technology in the laboratory and then transfer it to their company could create a conflict of interest in the eyes of their students, Walt says. But the potential conflict can be avoided by drafting a licensing agreement that bars discoveries from automatically being transferred to the investigator's company. Walt created such an arrangement to assure his students that they weren't actually working for his private companies. Relationships can pose conflicts when conference organizers are choosing speakers. Members of the American Society for Human Genetics program committee, which selects abstracts and talks for their annual meeting, must recuse (要求回避) themselves from considering talks by, for example, researchers at their current and past institutions, close collaborators and those with whom they have personal or familial ties. Even differing points of view can play a part. Scacheri, a geneticist who chairs the committee, says that members who have disagreed personally with potential speakers might also be obliged to recuse themselves: “If you feel like you can't be an impartial (公正的) reviewer, that is considered a COI.” Handling COIs can be burdensome. COI managers emphasize that the goal is not to suppress innovation, but to expose potential conflicts so that they can be managed. “Nothing about the process is meant to be prohibitive，” says Grewal, a COI officer at MIT. Her institution wants to enable good science and the betterment of humanity. “During that process，” she says, “if you make some money, that's good as well.” 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是利益冲突，以及如何避免利益冲突。 5．The example of DeSimone in Paragraph 1 is used mainly to ________． A．raise a question B．report a finding C．introduce a topic D．present a theory 答案：C　推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，DeSimone(德西蒙)大学教员和公司股份持有者的双重身份导致了巨大冲突。再结合下文对如何处理利益冲突的陈述可推知，第一段提到DeSimone的例子是为了引出本文的话题——如何处理利益冲突。故选C。 6．To better deal with COIs, ________． A．researchers have to quit their job at the university B．researchers should report the conflicts that possibly exist C．institutions need to monitor the staff's career and relationships D．institutions should train researchers to create management plans 答案：B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Researchers should disclose potential or existing conflicts across all aspects of academic life.”可知，为了更好地应对利益冲突，研究人员应报告可能存在的冲突。故选B。 7．What can we learn from the passage? A．Grewal considers COI management exhausting and costly. B．Walt arranged to transfer discoveries at his lab to his companies. C．Conference organizers should avoid inviting unqualified speakers. D．Scacheri believes personal viewpoints may impact a reviewer's decision. 答案：D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段(甚至不同的观点也能发挥作用。Scacheri (萨凯里)是一名遗传学家，同时也是委员会主席。他说，与潜在演讲者意见不一致的成员也可能被迫回避：“如果你觉得自己不能成为一个公正的评审员，那就被认为是COI。”)可知，Scacheri认为个人观点可能会影响评审者的决定。故选D。 8．What can we infer from the passage? A．COIs can be defined depending on interpretations. B．COIs benefit scientific innovation and better humanity. C．COIs arise primarily due to the pursuit of financial gains. D．COIs can be got rid of by promoting fairness in workplaces. 答案：A　推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中的“Perception plays a part in defining a potential conflict, warns Walt, a chemist at Tufts University. (塔夫茨大学的化学家Walt (沃尔特)指出，理解在定义潜在冲突中起着重要作用。)”及本段下文内容可推知，COIs的定义可以取决于理解。故选A。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2024·贵州省贵阳市高三月考)Self­forgiveness has been defined as the process by which you become aware of any damage you've caused, seek to repair it, and eliminate or reduce your feelings of self­condemnation and guilt. Forgiving yourself entails experiencing feelings of self­condemnation. __1__ However, you must be careful not to confuse self­forgiveness with self­indulgence, self­deception, and narcissism. Forgiving yourself, on the other hand, means reestablishing your self­concept, rejoining your recognized path, and amending your mistakes. Self­forgiveness involves changing the way you think about your past mistakes. It's of vital importance to stop interpreting them as sources of shame and regret. __2__ In reality, relating in a healthier way with your past is essential to recognize and value your changes and to help your personal growth. __3__ In order to forgive yourself, you must, first of all, recognize your mistakes in the situation that's causing you to feel guilty. From there, you can clearly express your will to repair the damage and to empathize with those who've been affected by your actions. The ability to forgive yourself also implies your firm belief that change is possible. __4__ As a matter of fact, it simply means you're aware of it. In addition, you're aware of the importance of identifying what you can change in yourself to avoid repeating the same mistake in the future. Finally, the last dimension of self­forgiveness is the awareness that you're only human, hence, not perfect. Consequently, you're capable of failing at any point in your life. Recognizing yourself as part of humanity can also help you to be more compassionate towards others. __5__ A．Self­forgiveness goes beyond feelings of self­pity. B．This doesn't refer to ignoring the fault you committed. C．Self­forgiveness promotes your justice and reparation to others. D．These are later replaced by the feeling of need to repair your mistakes. E．You need to regard them as part of the process of becoming who you are. F．Realizing this may be the first step you need to better face your future mistakes. G．This means you'll be more understanding and flexible in the face of others' mistakes. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了自我宽恕的几个过程。 1．D　根据上文“Forgiving yourself entails experiencing feelings of self­condemnation.(原谅自我需要经历种种自责的感觉。)”可知，设空处应承接上文，继续讨论自责的感觉，D项(这些感觉之后会被需要修复错误的感觉所取代。)符合语境，且其中的 “These”指代上文中的“feelings”。故选D。 2．E　根据上文“It's of vital importance to stop interpreting them as sources of shame and regret.(停止将过错理解为羞愧和遗憾的根源是重要的。)”可知，E项(你需要把它们当作成为你自己的过程的一部分。)承接上文，说明了正确的做法应该是将过错视为自我成长的一部分。故选E。 3．A　根据下文“In order to forgive yourself ... by your actions.”可知，本段主要讲述了要对自己的过错负责任，修复伤害并且对受影响的他人抱有同理心。A项(自我宽恕超越了自怜的感觉。)引出下文，适合作为段落主旨句。故选A。 4．B　根据上文“The ability to forgive yourself also implies your firm belief that change is possible.(原谅自己的能力也意味着你坚信改变是可能的。)”可知，B项(这并不意味着忽略你所犯的错误。)承接上文。故选B。 5．G　根据上文“Finally, the last dimension of self­forgiveness ... more compassionate towards others.”可知，要意识到自己作为人的属性可以帮助你更加富有同情心，G项(这意味着当你在面对其他人的过错时，你会变得宽容和灵活。)承接上文。故选G。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2024·吉林省长春市高三月考)Human activity is __1__ (true) altering the distances the world's animals need to move to live, hunt and search __2__ food, according to a study that examined the impact on more than 160 species throughout six continents. All activities changed the behavior of animals, but the study found __3__ (destroy) activities such as urbanization and cutting down trees affected the movement of animals less than occasional endeavors such as using aircraft, hunting and recreation. As well as having a profound impact on the animals—like reducing their ability to feed and breed—the changes point to a global restructuring of animal movement __4__ could have profound knock­on effects, says the study __5__ (publish) today in the Nature Ecology and Evolution journal. Dr Tim Doherty, a wildlife ecologist at the University of Sydney, said it was already well known that humans affected the movement of animals, with thousands of studies __6__ (tend) to focus on single species or activities, but the information was not enough. When human activities forced animals to move further, for instance, when animals __7__ (flee) hunters or had to negotiate roads or avoid skiers or campers, they moved an average of 70 percent further in __8__ (respond). The research says, “Even __9__ small change in movement can have big impacts on an individual, and when these costs accumulate across an entire population, reproductive rates and population viability (生存能力) may __10__ (compromise)．” 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了研究表明人类活动正在从根本上改变动物为了生存、狩猎和觅食需要迁徙的距离，这对动物造成很大危害。 1．truly　考查词性转换。设空处应用副词修饰动词altering，作状语。故填truly。 2．for　考查介词。句意：一项检测了人类活动对六大洲160多个物种的影响的研究显示，人类活动正在真正地改变世界上动物为了生存、狩猎和觅食需要迁徙的距离。search for意为“寻找”，为固定短语。故填for。 3．destructive　考查词性转换。句意：所有活动都改变了动物的行为，但研究发现，城市化和伐木等破坏性活动对动物活动的影响小于使用飞机、狩猎和娱乐等零星活动。此处修饰名词activities，应用形容词作定语。故填destructive。 4．that/which　考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，修饰movement，在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 5．published　考查非谓语动词。设空处作定语，修饰the study，二者之间是被动关系，应用过去分词。故填published。 6．tending　考查非谓语动词。studies和tend是主动关系，应用现在分词作宾补。故填tending。 7．fled　考查动词的时态。陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填fled。 8．response　考查词性转换。设空处作宾语，in response意为“作为回应”，为固定短语。故填response。 9．a　考查冠词。句意：研究称：“即使是很小的迁徙变化也会对个体产生很大的影响，当这些影响积累在整个种群内时，会影响种群的繁殖率和生存能力。”change是可数名词，此处泛指“一个小变化”。故填a。 10．be compromised　考查动词的语态和情态动词。compromise是谓语动词，与主语reproductive rates and population viability是被动关系，应用被动语态。情态动词may后用动词原形。故填be compromised。 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$