选择性必修第四册 UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS-【金版教程】2025年高考英语一轮复习解决方案全书word（新教材，北师大版）

金版教程　高考科学复习解决方案　英语[S] 一　词汇过关测＋练 1．disagreement　dis­ 不，没有＋agree 同意＋­ment名词后缀→不一样的意见；引申为意见不合，分歧，争论 2．encouragement　en­ 使……＋courage 勇气＋­ment名词后缀→让其有勇气；引申为鼓励，鼓舞；起激励作用的事物 3．disturb　dis­ 分散＋turb 搅动→搅动使分散；引申为干扰，打扰，使中断 4．release　re­ 重新＋lease 松→再次放松；引申为发表，发布；释放 5．adopt　ad­ 加强＋opt 选择→再通过选择；引申为收养，领养；采取某种方法、政策、态度等 1．clinic n. 诊所；(医院)门诊部 2．intervention n. 干涉；干预 3．gallery n. 美术馆，画廊 4．cafeteria n. (工厂、学校等的)自助餐厅，食堂 5．dive vi. 扑向；急冲进；跳水，潜水 6．outskirts n. 市郊，郊区，远离城市中心的地区 7．suburb n. 郊区，近郊，城郊 8．chain n. 一连串，一系列；链子，链条 9．sociologist n. 社会学家 10．conflict n. 抵触，冲突，矛盾 11．sob n．& vi.& vt. 抽噎，啜泣；哭诉 12．parcel n. 包裹；邮包 13．tear­stained adj. 有泪痕的 14．grocery n. 超级市场；食品杂货 15．faucet n. 水龙头 16．friction n. 不和，冲突，摩擦 17．pillow n. 枕头 18．bond n. 纽带，联系 19．household n. 一家人，同住一栋房子的人 20．stiff adj. 挺的，硬的，不易弯曲的 21．clasp vt. 握紧，抱紧　n. 紧握，紧抱 22．network n. 人际关系网，联络网；网络，网状系统 23．sigh n．& vi. 叹息，叹气 24．despair n. 绝望 25．dare n．& vi. 胆敢，敢于 26．bare adj. 空的，无装饰的；赤裸的，裸露的 27．bimonthly adj. 两月一次的；一月两次的 28．emperor n. 皇帝 29．shiver n．& vi. 颤抖，哆嗦，发抖 30．bone n. 骨头；骨质物 31．frown vi. 皱眉 32．orphan n. 孤儿 33．stadium n. 体育场，运动场 34．forum n. (互联网上的)论坛；讨论区；讨论会，电视专题讨论节目 35．loan n. 贷款 36．reveal vt. 展现，显露；揭示，揭露 37．debt n. 债务，欠款 38．phrase n. 成语，习语；警句 39．closely­knit adj. 紧密联结在一起的 40．republic n. 共和国 1．(2024·江西省丰城中学高三月考)Her hands became too stiff (硬的) to sew and she still wanted to keep busy and pass the time. 2．(2024·重庆市第八中学高三适应性考试)I watched in despair (绝望) as the elevator doors closed. 3．(人教XB1­U4)It could be that she is having serious conflicts (冲突) with other students or at home. 4．(译林XB1­U1)Comfort food tastes good and by building an emotional bond (纽带) with our happy memories, always makes us feel good. 5．(2024·广东省部分名校高三联合质量检测)She also established a network (人际关系网) of volunteers who helped to care for animals during the war. 6．He reveals (显露) his true character to very few people. 7．(2024·河南省平顶山市武钢市第一中学高三模拟考试)In an attempt at compromise, drinks will be sold before and after the matches but not during, and they won't be allowed in stadium (体育场) seating areas. 8．Families are some of the most closely­knit (紧密联结在一起的) people in the world. 9．She was wearing only a thin robe over a flimsy nightgown, and her feet were bare (赤裸的)． 10．Factories are grouped in the southern suburb (郊区) of the city. 1．theory n. 学说，理论→theoretical adj. 理论的 2．document n. 公文，文件→documentary n. 纪实节目，纪录片　adj. 书面的，文件的，文献的 3．forgive v. 原谅，宽恕→forgiveness n. 原谅，宽恕 4．impress vt. 使印象深刻→impression n. 印象，感想→impressive adj. 给人印象深刻的，引人注目的 5．random adj. 随机的，随意的→randomly adv. 随机地，随意地 6．consequence n. 后果→consequent adj. 随之发生的；作为结果的→consequently adv. 因此，所以 7．addition n. 附加，附加物→additional adj. 额外的，附加的→additionally adv. 除此之外，此外 8．appeal vi. 有吸引力　vi.& vt. 呼吁，恳请；上诉→appealing adj. 吸引人的；恳求的 9．envy n. 羡慕，忌妒　vt. 羡慕，妒忌→envious adj. 羡慕的，嫉妒的 10．proceed vi. 继续进行，继续做→procedure n. 手续，步骤 11．frequency n. 频繁；频率→frequent adj. 经常的，频繁的→frequently adv. 经常地，频繁地 12．apology n. 道歉→apologise　vi. 道歉，谢罪→apologetic adj. 道歉的，愧疚的 13．bake v. 炎热，灼热；烤，烘，焙→bakery n. 面包烘房，糕饼店 14．resolute adj. 坚决的，坚定的→resolutely adv. 坚决地，坚定地 15．freeze vi.& vt. 呆住；突然停止；(使)结冰，(使)冻结→frozen adj. (河、湖等)结冰的；冷冻的，冷藏的→freezing adj. 冷冰冰的；极冷的 16．interrupt vi.& vt. 打断(某人的)讲话，中断(某人的)行动，打扰→interruption n. 中断，打断 17．amaze vt. 使吃惊→amazement n. 吃惊，惊奇 →amazed adj. 吃惊的，惊讶的→amazing adj. 令人吃惊的 18．legal adj. 法律的；法律允许的，合法的→legally adv. 合法地，法律上→illegal adj. 违法的→illegally adv. 违法地 19．investigate vi.& vt. 查明，调查， 侦查→investigation n. 调查，查明 20．sorrow n. 悲伤，悲痛；不幸→sorrowful adj. 伤心的，悲伤的 1．He encountered illegal violation. In the end, by legal actions, his rights got legal protection.(legal) 2．Their resolute opposition to new working methods was difficult to overcome and they remain resolutely opposed to the new one.(resolute) 3．It impressed me that she remembered my name. I remember when I first met her, she gave a superficial impression of warmth and friendliness to me. (impress) 4．To my amazement,__the old man was able to recite the whole poem from memory.He has amazing powers of recall. (amaze) 5．You can choose to forgive someone who has wronged you even if they do not deserve your forgiveness．(forgive) 6．We went ice skating on a frozen lake when everybody else is boiling hot. I'm freezing! (freeze) 7．The warming of the Earth and the consequent climatic changes affect us all. One consequence of global warming is species extinction. (consequence) 8．The blanket will provide additional warmth and comfort in bed. Additionally,__you should buy curtains in case of strong sunlight in the morning.(addition) 9．He felt impelled to investigate further. But the policeman thought the case does not merit further investigation. (investigate) 10．My parents ran a bakery,__so naturally I learned to bake．(bake) 1 chain [熟义]　n. 一连串，一系列；链子，链条 [生义]　n. 连锁店 The supermarket chain announced that it was cutting the cost of all its fresh and frozen meat. 这家连锁超市宣布将削减所有新鲜和冷冻肉类的价格。 2 release [熟义]　vt. 释放 [生义]　vt. 放开，放手；发泄；发表，发布 ①He stopped and faced her, releasing her wrist. 他停下来，面对着她，松开了她的手腕。 ②He punched the pillow in an effort to release his anger. 他猛击枕头，试图发泄怒气。 ③The band's latest album will be released next week. 这个乐队的最新专辑将于下周发行。 3 freeze [熟义]　vi.& vt. (使)结冰，(使)冻结 [生义]　vi.& vt. 呆住；突然停止 I froze with terror as the door slowly opened. 门慢慢打开时，我吓得僵住了。 4 document [熟义]　n. 公文，文件 [生义]　vt. 记录，记载 His interest in cars has been well documented by the media. 他对汽车的兴趣已被媒体充分记录。 小积累 1.以－ence结尾的名词集锦 ①evidence 根据；证据 ②consequence 后果 ③convenience 便利 ④absence 缺乏；缺席 ⑤competence 能力；胜任 2.“鼓舞；激励”家族 ①encouragement n. 鼓励 ②encourage vt. 鼓励；激励 ③inspiration n. 鼓舞 ④inspire vt. 鼓舞；激发 ⑤motivation n. 激发；激励 ⑥motivate vt. 激发；激励 3.“动词＋to”短语 ①refer to 指的是；谈到；提到 ②stick to 坚持 ③lead to 通向；导致 ④contribute to 捐献；导致 ⑤appeal to 有吸引力；呼吁；上诉 二　语块过关测＋练 1．have__no__appetite 没有胃口 2．burst__into 突然……起来(尤指唱歌、哭、笑等) 3．a__chain__of 一系列，一连串 4．come__up 出现；发生 5．hang__out 闲逛，厮混 6．refer__to 提到，提及；参考，查阅；指的是 7．turn__down 拒绝；关小 8．in__return__for 作为回报 9．with__the__aim__of 为了……，目的是…… 10．a__variety__of 各种各样的 1．(2023·浙江高考1月)What Hammond is referring__to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. 2．(2024·河北百师联盟高三质量检测)Haley, you've been at home all day. Why not hang__out with your good friends to relax yourself? 3．She burst__into tears and ran from the kitchen. 4．(人教XB2­U2)You can get burnt by a__variety__of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation, the sun, electricity, acids, or other chemicals. 5．(2024·江西省泰和中学高三月考)There was the work boundary that said that unless a project fell exactly into my topics, I wouldn't take it—which meant that I turned__down work that was otherwise interesting and rewarding. 三　句式迁移练 1．whenever引导让步状语从句 【迁移创新】Whenever__they__reached__their__goal,__they upped the ante, setting increasingly complex challenges for themselves. 每当他们达到了目标，他们就加高赌注，为他们自己设置越来越复杂的挑战。 2．条件状语从句的省略 【迁移创新】If__accepted,__I can introduce the history of Chinese painting to visitors.It can help them know more about Chinese culture. 假如我被接纳(为志愿者)的话，我将向游客介绍中国的绘画历史，这有助于帮助他们更多地了解中国文化。 3．once “一旦……就……”结构 【迁移创新】Once__I've__found__somewhere__to__live I'll send you my address. 我一找到住的地方就把地址发给你。 4．“情态动词＋have done”结构 【迁移创新】You have been studying in Beijing for nearly a month, during which you must__have__achieved a lot. 你在北京学习快一个月了，在这期间你一定收获颇多。 Ⅰ　忆课文·语篇理解 “Six Degrees of Separation” refers to the theory __1__ through a chain of five other people at most, one person can successfully connect to any other person. In the 1920s, people first talked about __2__ concept. Frigyes Karinthy introduced the idea of friendship networks in his book Everything Is Different. In the 1950s, two scientists made an attempt __3__ (prove) the theory mathematically, but failed after 20 __4__ (year). In 1967, Stanley Milgram tried a new method. He chose a random sample of people in Central America, and asked them to send packages to a stranger in Massachusetts. __5__ (surprise), only 57 senders were needed to get the parcels __6__ (deliver). The results were released __7__ published in a bimonthly magazine and inspired the phrase. In the last few decades, the theory __8__ (appear) again in many aspects and Milgram's experiment __9__ (recreate) with the same result. Recently, the University of Milan performed an experiment to analyse 721 million social media users and __10__ (find) that 92% were connected by only 4 stages, or 5 degrees of separation. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9．________　10.________ 答案：1.that　2.the　3.to prove　4.years　5.Surprisingly　6.delivered　7.and　8.has appeared　9.was recreated　10.found Marilla saw Matthew, rushed to the door, but froze in __1__ (amaze) when she saw the odd little figure. “Who's that? Where is the boy？” “No boy. Only her.” “No boy! There must have been a boy, we told Mrs Spencer.” “She brought her.” The child had remained silent. Suddenly she __2__ (spring) forward. “You don't want me __3__ I'm not a boy！” Sitting down, throwing her arms, and __4__ (bury) her face, she proceeded to cry. Marilla tried to comfort __5__ child. “Well, don't cry. We're not going to send you off tonight. What's your name？” “Anne.” “Well, come along. Dinner time.” 　They sat down for dinner __6__ Anne had no appetite. “I guess she's tired, put her __7__ bed.” said Matthew. Marilla lit a candle and told Anne __8__ (follow) her. Marilla set the candle on a three­legged table and turned down the bedclothes. When Marilla came up for the light, she saw the __9__ (tidy) way the clothing had been thrown. She picked up Anne's clothes, placed them __10__ (neat), and went to the bed. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9．________　10.________ 答案：1.amazement　2.sprang　3.because　4.burying　5.the　6.but　7.to　8.to follow　9.untidy　10.neatly Ⅱ　学思悟·重点突破 1　 conflict n. 抵触，冲突，矛盾　vi. 冲突；抵触，相左 【知识归纳】 (1)be in conflict with ... 与……冲突 come into conflict with 与……发生冲突 (2)conflict with 与……冲突/抵触 【语用点拨】 ①Putting ourselves in their shoes is of great importance when we have conflicts with friends.当我们和朋友发生冲突时，设身处地为他们着想是非常重要的。(建议信) ②Fashion is an essential part of our life, which doesn't conflict with our studies. 时尚是我们生活中的重要组成部分，它与我们的学习并不冲突。(博客) ③Many of these ideas appear to be in conflict with each other. 这些观念中有许多看上去似乎相互矛盾。(观点陈述) ④a conflict between two cultures 两种文化的冲突(观点陈述) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①His opinion often conflicts with his parents, as is often the case with teenagers. ②Having disagreements with your parents does not necessarily mean you must come into conflict with them. ③(2023·全国乙卷)The clearest example of this between literate and non­literate history is perhaps the__first__conflict (第一次冲突), at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook's voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. ④我们希望我们两国之间能尽一切可能避免战争。 We wish to__avoid__conflicts between our countries if at all possible. 2　 envy n. 羡慕，忌妒　vt. 羡慕，妒忌(☞envious adj. 羡慕的，嫉妒的) 【知识归纳】 (1)envy sb (doing) sth 羡慕/嫉妒某人(做)某事 (2)with envy 羡慕地；嫉妒地 out of envy 出于嫉妒 green with envy 非常嫉妒的；眼红的 be the envy of sb/sth 是某人/物的羡慕或忌妒的对象 (3)be envious of 羡慕…… 【语用点拨】 ①Honestly speaking，I do envy you getting the title of the Excellent Graduate and I should follow your example.老实说，我真羡慕你获得了优秀毕业生的称号，我应该向你学习。(祝贺信) ②Not only is Li Ming quick at learning but also he is good at solving tough problems with logical mind. I am green with envy.李明不仅学得快，而且善于用逻辑思维解决难题，我都有点眼红了。(投稿) ③I envy her ability to talk to people she's never met before.她与人初次见面就能侃侃而谈，这真让我羡慕。(人物描述) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①When Mary conducted the evening party on the stage, her colleagues looked at her with envy. ②He saw the envious (envy) look in the other boy's eyes. ③I'm very envious of your new coat—it's beautiful. ④她想到他的成功便感到一阵忌妒。 She felt__a__pang__of__envy at the thought of his success. 3　 disturb vt. 干扰，打扰，使中断(☞disturbance n. 干扰；骚扰；心神不安 ☞disturbing adj. 令人烦心的，引起烦恼的 ☞disturbed adj. 烦恼的；不安的) 【知识归纳】 (1)it disturbs sb to do sth 做某事使某人不安 be disturbed by 为……感到不安；被……打扰 (2)find it a bit disturbing to do sth 发现做某事令人烦恼 【语用点拨】 ①If you get up early, try not to disturb everyone else.如果你起得早，尽量不要打扰别人。(建议信) ②What disturbs me greatly is that I can't accompany you to the bookstore on time. 我不能按时陪你去书店，这使我心里感到很不安。(道歉信) ③I hope everybody could not be disturbed by canard and slapstick. 我希望每个人都不会被流言蜚语所打扰。(主旨升华) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①And yet messengers of the coming disturbance (disturb) are likely to be ignored. ②What made me annoyed was the disturbing (disturb) noise outside. ③It disturbs (disturb) me that you misuse your talents. ④小偷把她文件柜里的文件弄乱了，但什么也没拿。 The__thief__had__disturbed__the__documents in her filing cabinet, but nothing had been taken. 4　 apologise vi. 道歉，谢罪(☞apology n. 道歉，谢罪) 【知识归纳】 (1)apologise to sb for (doing) sth 因(做)某事向某人道歉 (2)make an apology to sb for sth 因某事向某人道歉 owe sb an apology 应向某人道歉 accept one's apology 接受某人的道歉 【语用点拨】 ①I must apologise for missing our appointment yesterday.我必须为错过昨天的约会道歉。(道歉信) ②The headmaster demanded that you should make an apology to her for your rudeness immediately. 校长要求你立即为你的粗鲁向她道歉。(电子邮件) ③I owe you an apology—I'm afraid I forgot to send that report.我得向你道歉——我忘了发出那份报告了。(道歉信) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I owe you an apology; you must have found my attitude very annoying. ②The headmaster demanded that you should apologise to her for your rudeness immediately. ③I have an apology (apologise) to make to you—I'm afraid I opened your letter by mistake. ④他们互相道歉，并承诺从那时起他们会考虑别人的感受。 They__apologised__to__each__other and promised that they would think about the feelings of others from then on. 5　 consequence n. 后果(☞consequent adj. 随之发生的；作为结果的 ☞consequently adv. 因此，所以) 【知识归纳】 (1)as a consequence＝in consequence 因此；结果 as a consequence of＝in consequence of 由于…… (2)be consequent on 是……的后果；随……发生的 【语用点拨】 ①Our school launched an anti－food waste campaign last week to help raise students' awareness of food waste and the consequences it brings.我们学校上周发起了一项反对食物浪费的运动，以帮助提高学生对食物浪费及其带来的后果的认识。(投稿) ②Doctor Li is responsible and devoted to his job. As a consequence, he deserves our respect.李医生对自己的工作很负责，很投入。因此，他值得我们尊敬。(人物介绍) ③As a consequence of his hard work, he was eventually admitted to Nanjing University. 因为他的努力，他最终被南京大学录取。(人物介绍) 【语境运用】单句语法填空 ①Consequently (consequent), some viewers began to turn away from cinemas, leading to a slower growth. ②As a consequence of his laziness, he was fired by the boss of the company. ③She was over the age limit and, in consequence, her application was rejected. 6　 amazement n. 吃惊，惊奇(☞amaze vt. 使吃惊 ☞amazed adj. 吃惊的，惊讶的 ☞amazing adj. 令人吃惊的) 【知识归纳】 (1)to one's amazement 让某人惊讶的是 (2)amaze sb 使某人惊讶 (3)be amazed at/by ... 对……感到惊讶 be amazed to do sth 对做某事感到惊奇 be amazed that ... 对……吃惊 (4)it is amazing that 令人惊奇的是 【语用点拨】 ①You would be amazed at how much my parents love baseball. 你会惊讶于我父母多喜欢棒球。(人物介绍) ②What amazed me was that the old man devoted all his money to supporting the local school. 让我吃惊的是，这位老人捐出所有的钱来资助当地的学校。(人物介绍) ③She was rooted to the spot with amazement. 她惊呆了。(动作描写) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)He was amazed at/by the results. ②She stood beside her chair, amazed (amaze) and embarrassed. ③Much to my amazement,__he was able to recite the whole point from amazing memory.(amaze) ④You will be amazed to__know (know) that these pictures are actually paintings. ⑤竟然没有其他人去应聘这项工作，真让人吃惊。 It's__amazing__that no one else has applied for the job. 7　 appeal vi. 有吸引力　vi.& vt. 呼吁，恳请；上诉(☞appealing adj. 吸引人的；恳求的；可怜的) 【知识归纳】 (1)appeal to 呼吁；上诉；对……有吸引力，使……感兴趣 appeal to sb to do sth 呼吁/恳求某人做某事 appeal to sb for sth 为某事而向某人呼吁 (2)make an appeal to sb for sth 为某事向某人呼吁或请求 (3)an appealing personality 充满魅力的个性 a little dog with appealing big brown eyes 眨巴着一双可怜巴巴的褐色大眼睛的小狗 【语用点拨】 ①Not only will it appeal to you but it can also help you have a further understanding of traditional Chinese culture.它不仅会吸引你，而且还能帮助你进一步了解中国传统文化。(邀请信) ②I am writing to appeal to everyone to take an active part in building a more beautiful school.我写信是为了呼吁大家积极参与建设一所更加美丽的学校。(倡议书) ③They're appealing for clothes and blankets to send to the devastated region.他们正在呼吁将衣物和毯子送往受灾地区。(报道) 【语境运用】单句语法填空 ①Sports has become an important form of entertainment, appealing to both men and women. ②Experts have appealed to parents to__have (have) strict control over online games. ③The idea of not having to get up early every morning is rather appealing (appeal) to me. ④The child's mother made an emotional appeal to her son for returning. 8　debt n. 债务，欠款；人情债；情义；恩情 【知识归纳】 in debt (to sb) 欠(某人)债；受(某人)恩惠 out of debt 不欠债 get/run/fall into debt 陷入债务危机 pay off debts 还清债务 owe sb a debt＝owe a debt to sb 欠某人人情 【语用点拨】 ①Your friend will get into debt if he keeps on spending money like that.你的朋友要是老那样花钱，总有一天要陷入债务危机。(建议信) ②You are so good to me that I can never repay the debt I owe you.你对我太好了，我永远都还不清欠你的人情债。(感谢信) ③He managed to pay off his debts in two years.他成功在两年内还清了债务。(人物描写) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to ￡15，000 in debt. ②Many people experience difficulty in paying off their debts. ③I worked hard to dig out of debt and get where I am today. ④我欠你一份感谢之情，你谨慎杰出的研究是极大的帮助。 I__owe__a__debt__of__thanks__to__you,__whose careful and excellent research was of great help. 9　hang out 闲待，厮混 【知识归纳】 hang up 挂断电话 hang on 不挂断，稍等；(在逆境中)坚持；紧紧握住 hang on to 抓紧；保留 hang about/around 徘徊，闲逛 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①However, when she hung up,__she regretted the way she had handled the call. ②His parents told me that he used to skip lessons and hang around/about the harbour with his mates. ③我们过去每个周末都在他家玩。 We used__to__hang__out at his house every weekend. 10　 burst into 突然……起来(尤指唱歌、哭、笑等) 【知识归纳】 burst into tears＝burst out crying 放声大哭 burst into laughter＝burst out laughing 放声大笑 burst into flames 一下子燃烧起来；突然烧起来 burst into applause 突然响起掌声 burst into cheers 爆发出欢呼声；热烈欢呼 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①No sooner had she said it than she burst into tears. ②当球队进了制胜球时，观众们爆发出欢呼声。 When the team scored the winning goal, the crowd burst__into__cheers． ③The audience burst__into__applause (突然响起掌声) when the singer finished the song. ④Seeing the funny picture, the whole class burst__into__laughter/burst__out__laughing (放声大笑)． 11　whenever引导让步状语从句 【知识归纳】 (1)whenever 引导让步状语从句，表示“无论何时；在任何情况下”，相当于“no matter＋when”。 (2)“疑问词＋­ever”引导让步状语从句时，相当于“no matter＋疑问词”。如 wherever 相当于no matter where，however相当于no matter how等。 (3)“疑问词＋－ever”还可引导名词性从句，此时不能用“no matter＋疑问词”。 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①No matter when I'm unhappy, it is my friend who cheers me up. ②I have a good pair of skates, but no matter how tightly I lace them, my ankles wobble. ③只要你愿意，无论什么时候都可以住在我乡下的小屋里。 You can stay at my cottage in the country whenever/no__matter__when__you__like． 12　“情态动词＋have done”结构 【知识归纳】 (1)must have done 意为“过去一定做过某事”，表示对过去情况的推测，语气很有把握。 (2)may/might have done 意为“也许做过某事”，表示对过去情况的推测，语气不是很有把握。 (3)can/could have done 本来能够做某事，但实际上未做； can't/couldn't have done 不可能做过某事。 (4)should have done 本来应该做但实际上未做；shouldn't have done 本来不应该做而实际上做了。 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①A dropped cigarette may__have__sparked (spark) the fire. ②He was seriously injured, so he must__have__fallen (fall) from a great height. ③你不该不和我商量就做了这件事。 You__shouldn't__have__done__it without consulting me. Ⅲ　语基过关检测 维度一　单句语法填空 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting (adopt) this philosophy: the digital declutter. 2．(2024·四川成都高三适应性模拟)Every day she made all her efforts to give little Anne words of love and encouragement (encourage). 3．It disturbed her to realize that she was alone. 4．(2024·湖南岳阳高三质量检测)To my great surprise, she gave me a hug as a token of forgiveness (forgive), saying my confession (坦白) meant a lot to her. 5．(外研B2­U1)In the course of this life, I have had a great many encounters with a great many people who have been concerned with matters of consequence (consequent). 6．You have to be strong and confident, and never give the slightest impression (impress) that you can't hack it. 7．No matter where we go or who we become, never forget who helped us get there. 8．(2024·浙江省高三深研模拟)According to Roodenburg, handshaking survived in a few remote places, like in Dutch towns where some would use the gesture to make peace after disagreements (disagree). 9．Additionally (addition), the bus service will run on Sundays, every two hours. 10．Because of her medical and her legal bills, she is now penniless and deeply in debt. 维度二　语篇练习 根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 I listened to a radio show which highlighted an interesting story about the power of community spirit. It was about a small town in America ①called (被称为) Roseto. In the 1950s, heart attacks were an epidemic, but researchers found Roseto has ②much__lower__rates__of__heart__attacks__than (比……心脏病发病率低得多) other places in the country. The town was very safe and had a very low crime rate. 　 When they looked deeper into the reasons for this, they found that Roseto was a very ③closely­knit (紧密联结在一起的) community. ④Households (一家人) typically consisted of three generations living together and the people visited each other ⑤frequently (经常地), respected elderly people and organized lot of community events. Unfortunately, over the years the community changed as the younger generation rejected traditional ⑥social__bonds (社会纽带) and moved to ⑦outskirts__of__the__town (小镇的郊区). ⑧As__a__consequence (结果), health problems and crime increased. The link between health, happiness and community is really clear through this story. Ⅳ　读写用·素养提升 维度一　一词多义/熟词生义 (一)根据语境选出加黑词freeze的含义 A．vi. 结冰　B．vt. 冻结　C．vi. 呆住；突然停止 1．The governor's action freezes 300，000 accounts. ________ 2．When the lake freezes, we can go skating on it. ________ 3．The smile froze on her lips. ________ 答案：1.B　2.A　3.C (二)根据语境选出加黑词release的含义 A．vt. 释放　B．vt. 放开，放飞　C．vt. 发泄 D．vt. 发表，发布 1．10，000 balloons were released at the ceremony. ________ 2．Firefighters took two hours to release the driver from the wreckage. ________ 3．He is releasing an album of love songs. ________ 4．She burst into tears, releasing all her pent­up emotions. ________ 答案：1.B　2.A　3.D　4.C (三)根据语境选出加黑词document的含义 A．n. 公文，文件　B．vt. 记录，记载 1．He wrote a book documenting his prison experiences. ________ 2．Please sign one copy of the document and return it to us as soon as possible. ________ 答案：1.B　2.A 维度二　构词法 (2023·浙江高考1月)I've learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you'll find encouraging if you're doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not－always－supportive household. 合成词：名词house意为家；房子；动词hold意为容纳，包含，household意为一家人，同住一栋房子的人。 维度三　长难句分析 (2023·全国乙卷)Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. 一划主干：they__are__some__of__my__best__shots。 二括修饰：though引导让步状语从句；if引导条件状语从句；looking back on the photos作状语。 三会意：尽管如此，回头看看这些照片，它们仍然是我拍的最好的照片，不过，如果我当时能够做好准备，明智地安排好时间，它们本可以拍得更好。 维度四　写作提能 完成句子/词汇升级/一句多译 1．I used to hang__out__in__the__library (在图书馆闲逛) near my home.(日记) 2．研究这个例子并参考下面的解释。(通知) Study this example and refer__to__the__explanation below. 3．卡罗琳松了一口气，看着那只鸟，它仍然安静地睡在盒子里，好像什么都没发生过。(场景描写) Breathing a sigh of relief, Caroline looked at the bird, which was still peacefully sleeping in the box as__if__nothing__had__happened． 4．He suddenly laughed, not hollow laughter now, but honest laughter.burst__into__laughter 5．我无论什么时候同他讲话，他都好像是个很正常的人。 Whenever__I__talked__to__him,__he seemed like a pretty regular guy. ＝No__matter__when__I__talked__to__him,__he seemed like a pretty regular guy. 课时作业 Ⅰ.阅读 A (2024·云南省红河哈尼族彝族自治州高三一模)Individuals tend to befriend others similar to them for a range of physical factors (e. g. age, gender). To test whether friendship is connected with increased similarity of real­time mental responding, researchers used fMRI (功能性磁共振成像) to scan subjects' brains during free viewing of naturalistic movies. Forty­two students participated in the study by Professor Carolyn Parkinson of the University of California, Los Angeles. During the fMRI study, each subject watched the same collection of video parts. The videos covered a variety of topics and genres (e.g. comedies, documentaries, and debates)． The current results suggest that nerve responses when viewing audiovisual (视听的) movies are exceptionally similar among friends, and they are quite alike to one another in terms of how they perceive, interpret, and react to the world around them. These data also demonstrate that it is possible to predict whether two individuals are friends based only on the similarity of temporary patterns in their nerve responses during free viewing of complex, real­world scenes. 　A follow­up study analyzing the social relationships of 1，186 children in 49 classrooms showed that similarity of the social brain varied by friendship distance: shared friends showed greater similarity in social brain networks compared with friends­of­friends and even more remotely connected peers. “Although the results of the current study suggest that friends have incredibly similar nerve responses to naturalistic stimulation, due to this study's cross­sectional nature, we cannot figure out, based on these results alone, whether nerve response similarity is a cause or consequence of friendship，” Dr Anna Machin, an evolutionary anthropologist (人类学家) said. She described how two tightly bonded people mirror each other's behavior. Best friends may have similar heart beats, body temperature and hormonal responses. “It's as if every part of your body is engaged in having a relationship with that person，” said Machin. “That for me sums up how important best friends are. We wouldn't have developed this way if those relationships weren't critical for survival.” 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究人员使用功能性磁共振成像(fMRI)，发现在观看视听电影时，朋友之间的神经反应异常相似。 1．Why did the researchers carry out the fMRI study? A．To find out the effects of fMRI. B．To help the students analyze videos. C．To test whether the students are true friends. D．To check if friendship goes with nerve responses. 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“To test whether ... of naturalistic movies.”和第三段第一句“The current results suggest that ... the world around them.”可知，研究人员进行fMRI研究是为了检查友谊是否与神经反应有关。故选D。 2．What does the underlined word “genres” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Subjects. B．Types. C．Results. D．Responses. 答案：B　词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“e.g. comedies, documentaries, and debates (如喜剧、纪录片和辩论)”可知，此处为这些视频涵盖了各种主题和类型。由此可知，genres为“类型”的意思，与types意思一致。故选B。 3．What can be learned about the findings of the studies? A．Friends have the same mental responses. B．It is impossible to tell whether two are friends. C．Friendship distance affects similarity of the social brain. D．Stronger relationships bring about more similar appearance. 答案：C　细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，从这些研究发现中我们可以了解到友谊的距离影响社会大脑的相似性。故选C。 4．What can we infer from Machin's words? A．Friendship is of great significance in our life. B．Nerve response similarity is a cause of friendship. C．Naturalistic stimulation leads to friends' similar responses. D．We develop because relationships are unimportant for survival. 答案：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Machin (马尚)的话“That for me ... critical for survival.”可推知，友谊在我们的生活中很重要。故选A。 B (2024·河南省名校高三检测)Most of us are familiar with the concept of six degrees of separation—the idea is that anyone in the planet can be connected to anyone else in just six steps. But is there actually any science to back up this commonly cited theory? If you just take a look at the following numbers, the six degrees of separation idea seems pretty plausible. Assuming everyone knows at least 44 people, and that each of those people knows an entirely new 44 people, and so on, the math shows that in just six steps everyone could be connected to 446, or 7.26 billion people. 　But this idea wasn't scientifically tested until the 1960s, when a psychologist sent 300 packages out to people in Nebraska and Boston, and asked them to use their networks to get them back to one specific target—a stockbroker (股票经纪人) living in Boston. They weren't asked to forward it to him directly, but to send it to someone they knew on a first name basis, with instructions for that person to forward it on to someone in their network that they thought might know the stockbroker. Only 64 of those packages actually reached the target, with an average path length of just 5.2 intermediary (中间的) connections, and this experiment was used as evidence for six degrees of separation, or the “small world phenomenon”， as the researcher called it. But Derek Muller, a researcher, dug a little deeper, and found that, of the original 300 packages, 100 were sent to people already living in Boston (where the target also lives) and 100 were sent to stockbrokers who shared a profession with the target, so there were really only 100 purely random packages sent out. And of those 100, only 18 made it back to the target. “So we're talking about a sample size of 18—that's all the evidence there was for six degrees of separation，” Derek explains. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了“六度分隔”理论的科学根据。然后介绍了与之密切相关的一个实验，以及Derek(德里克)对实验过程和结果进行深挖后得出的结论。 5．What does the underlined word “plausible” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Reasonable. B．Absurd. C．Unbelievable. D．Original. 答案：A　词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“Assuming everyone knows ... 7.26 billion people.”可知，如果每个人认识完全陌生的44个人，那么通过六个人，我们就可以与72.6亿个人建立联系。由此可推知，“六度分隔”理论似乎是非常合理的。因此画线词意为“合情合理的”。故选A。 6．How were the subjects expected to get the package to the target in the experiment? A．By entrusting the delivery to 5.2 intermediaries. B．By delivering it in person as quickly as possible. C．By passing it on to the target in the shortest time. D．By forwarding it in the shortest intermediary­chain. 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They weren't asked to ... know the stockbroker.(他们不是要求直接将邮件转发给他，而是发送给他们熟悉的某个人，并告诉该人将其转发给在他们的网络中可能认识那个股票经纪人的某个人。)”可知，实验中要求实验对象将包裹一个接一个通过熟人以最短的路线传递给预定目标人。故选D。 7．What can be inferred from Derek's remark? A．The concept didn't exist at all. B．The experiment provided solid evidence. C．The sample size was too small to be useful. D．The experiment was carried out scientifically. 答案：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“So we're talking about a sample size of 18—that's all the evidence there was for six degrees of separation”可知，该研究结果仅仅是基于18个样本的“六度分隔”的证据。由此可推知，Derek 认为这个样本量太小，不足以证明“六度分隔”的理论。故选C。 8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．How to Play Six Degrees of Separation in Our Real Life? B．Six Degrees of Separation: An Theory Founded by Derek C．Are We Really All Connected by Six Degrees of Separation? D．Six Degrees of Separation: Scientists Find a Smaller Number 答案：C　标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章探讨了“六度分隔”理论的科学根据，但研究者Derek 认为样本量太小，不足以证明“六度分隔”的理论。C项(我们真的都被“六度分隔”联系起来了吗？)以一个问句来概括文章的主要内容，适合作为文章标题。故选C。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·广东省深圳外国语学校高三月考)Dexter lives in Ouray, Colorado, where, for the past few years, the two­footed dog has been turning heads wherever he goes. His owner, Kentee Pasek, says __1____ on two legs isn't a trick she taught him. Rather, it's a(n) __2__ he made after a near­death experience. When Dexter was a puppy, he escaped his yard, dashed into the __3__ and got hit by a car. He lost his front legs. Everyone __4__ he would need some kind of adaptive equipment to get around. He did use a __5__ for a while until one day when Pasek set the dog at the foot of her porch (门廊) without it. Pasek ran in to get a cup of coffee, came out and __6__ found that her dog had climbed the stairs.She __7__ her cellphone, put Dexter back at the bottom of the stairs and __8__ him walking up the stairs on two feet without the wheelchair. In the six years since, Dexter has become a full­blown celebrity, __9__ in parades and building a group of social media __10__， who now come to the dog's hometown just hoping for a glimpse of Ouray's most __11__ “citizen”． The whole thing isn't considered as a __12__ for many people. People praise Dexter for his option to stay __13__. He shows where humans see __14__， dogs sometimes beg to differ. And Dexter's action has proven that sometimes getting __15__ is the only way to see how tall you stand. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一只励志小狗的故事。这只小狗失去前腿后，靠自己的努力竟然能用两条腿走路。 1．A.walking B．jumping C．climbing D．riding 答案：A　句意：他的主人Kentee Pasek (肯蒂·帕塞克)说，两条腿走路不是她教它的把戏。根据上文“Dexter lives in Ouray ... wherever he goes.”以及下文“put Dexter back ... without the wheelchair”可知，这只小狗是用两条腿走路。故选A。 2．A.performance B．experiment C．adaptation D．promise 答案：C　performance 表现；experiment 实验；adaptation 适应；promise 承诺。根据上文“Dexter lives in ... wherever he goes.”以及全文内容可知，这只小狗在失去两条前腿后改变自己的行走方式，适应自己只有两条腿的事实。故选C。 3．A.crowd B．playground C．subway D．traffic 答案：D　crowd 人群；playground 操场；subway 地铁；traffic 车流，交通。根据下文“got hit by a car”可知，小狗冲进车流，被汽车撞了。故选D。 4．A.understood B．assumed C．realized D．recognized 答案：B　根据上文“He lost his front legs.”以及下文“he would need some kind of adaptive equipment to get around”可知，小狗没有了前腿，人们认为它需要某种适应设备来走动。故选B。 5．A.shelter B．walking­stick C．wheelchair D．bench 答案：C　根据下文“put Dexter back at the bottom ... without the wheelchair”可知，狗一开始使用了一段时间的轮椅。故选C。 6．A.finally B．luckily C．surprisingly D．occasionally 答案：C　finally 最终；luckily 幸运地；surprisingly 令人惊讶地；occasionally 偶然地。根据上文可知，小狗遭遇事故后，不得不坐轮椅四处走动。由此可知，当主人发现狗没有用轮椅就爬上楼梯时是非常惊讶的。故选C。 7．A.covered B．changed C．forgot D．grabbed 答案：D　cover 覆盖；change 改变；forget 忘记；grab 抓。根据上文内容可知，狗主人发现狗没有用轮椅就爬上了楼梯感到惊讶，由此可推知，设空处指的是狗主人拿起手机，记录下这一切。故选D。 8．A.recorded B．imagined C．supported D．observed 答案：A　record 记录；imagine 想象；support 支持；observe 观察。根据上文“She __7__ her cellphone”可知，狗主人拿起手机，由此可知，设空处指的是记录下这一切。故选A。 9．A.starring B．admiring C．waving D．shouting 答案：A　star 担任主角；admire 钦佩；wave 挥手；shout 大喊。根据上文“Dexter has become a full­blown celebrity”可知，小狗已经成为一个明星，所以在游行中担当主角。故选A。 10．A.teachers B．followers C．designers D．websites 答案：B　根据上文“Dexter has become a full­blown celebrity”可知，小狗已经成为一个明星，因此自然有许多追随者。故选B。 11．A.peaceful B．upstanding C．humorous D．beautiful 答案：B　根据上文“In the six years since, Dexter has become a full­blown celebrity, __9__ in parades and building a group of social media __10__”可知，小狗已经完全成为一个明星，在游行中担任主角，在社交媒体上拥有大量粉丝，所以是最有活力的“公民”。upstanding “强健而有活力的”。故选B。 12．A.gesture B．popular C．routine D．joke 答案：D　gesture 手势；popular 流行；routine 常规；joke 玩笑。根据下文“People praise Dexter for his option to stay __13__．”可知，人们很重视这件事，并且诚心称赞这只小狗，由此可知，在他们心中，整件事并不是笑话。故选D。 13．A.positive B．calm C．serious D．crazy 答案：A　positive 积极的；calm 冷静的；serious 严肃的；crazy 疯狂的。根据全文内容可知，这只小狗非常积极向上。故选A。 14．A.secrets B．troubles C．mistakes D．chances 答案：B　secret 秘密；trouble 麻烦；mistake 错误；chance 机会。根据上文“Everyone __4__ he ... her porch (门廊) without it.”可知，他向我们展示了人类看到麻烦的地方，狗有时候会有不同看法。故选B。 15．A.carried out B．put away C．dressed up D．knocked down 答案：D　句意：Dexter (德克斯特)的行为证明了有时被打倒是检验你能站得多高的唯一方法。carry out 实施；put away 收起来；dress up 打扮；knock down 击倒。根据上文内容可知，小狗遭遇事故并且失去了两条前腿，对小狗而言，这是被“击倒”的事情。故选D。 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$