选择性必修第三册 UNIT 9 HUMAN BIOLOGY-【金版教程】2025年高考英语一轮复习解决方案全书word（新教材，北师大版）

金版教程　高考科学复习解决方案　英语[S] 一　词汇过关测＋练 1．artificially　art 技术，技巧＋i＋fic做＋­ial ……的＋­ly副词后缀→有技巧地做；引申为人为地，虚假地 2．comparison　com­ 共同，一同＋par 平等＋­ison→平等地放在一起；引申为比较 3．emotion　e­ 向外，离开＋mot 动＋­ion名词后缀→动(感情)；引申为强烈的情感，激情 4．abuse　ab­ 相反＋use 用→不(正常)使用；引申为滥用，妄用；虐待 5．identify　ident 相同＋­ify使……化→认出相同的东西；引申为确定，发现；认出，识别 1．biology n. 生物学 2．justify vt. 证明……有道理，为……辩护 3．infer vt. 推断，推定 4．blessing n. 福气，幸运 5．betterment n. (个人社会和经济地位的)改良，改善，提高 6．gene n. 基因 7．reproductive adj. 繁殖的，生殖的 8．provoke vt. 激起，引起 9．barrier n. 障碍，壁垒 10．suspect n. (犯罪)嫌疑人，可疑分子 11．clue n. 线索，提示 12．treatment n. 诊疗，治疗，疗法；对待方式 13．clone vt. 克隆，使无性繁殖　n. 克隆动物或植物，无性繁殖的个体 14．bound adj. 很有可能，肯定会 15．contain vt. 包含，容纳，装盛 16．locate vi.& vt. 找出……的准确位置 17．organ n. 器官 18．factor n. 因素，要素 19．officially adv. 官方地，正式地 20．rare adj. 稀有的，罕见的，不常发生的 21．opposed adj. 与某事物相反；反对某事物，不赞成某事物 22．widespread adj. 分布广的，广泛流传的 23．zone n. 地区，地带 24．bury vt. 埋葬，安葬；埋藏 25．pose vt. 造成，引起，产生(问题、危险、困难等)　n. (为画像、拍照等而摆的)姿势，姿态 26．outbreak n. (战争或疾病)爆发，突然发生 27．trial n. 试验；审判，审理 28．actual adj. 实际的，真实的 29．underline vt. 强调，使突出；在……之下画线 30．marathon n. 马拉松赛跑 31．thorough adj. 彻底的，全面的，详尽的 32．victim n. (袭击事件、抢劫事件或凶杀案的)受害者 33．globe n. 地球，世界；地球仪 34．paragraph n. (文章的)段，段落 35．corresponding adj. 相应的；对应的 36．sample n. 样本，样品　vt. 品尝，尝试；对……做抽样调查 37．symbolically adv. 象征地，象征性地 38．phenomenon n. 现象 39．database n. 数据库，资料库 40．capability n. (完成困难事情的)能力，才能 1．(2023·全国甲卷)I used to be afraid of insects, but last Friday's biology (生物学) class made a big change in me. 2．(2024·重庆巴蜀中学高三适应性月考)I dedicated a substantial amount of effort and time to this project, conducting thorough (彻底的) research and strictly following all the guidelines. 3．(外研XB2­U3)Doctors are flying to an island off the coast of West Africa after an outbreak (爆发) of a new disease caused by a flu virus. 4．(2024·浙江高三模拟)More than in any other field, that of the study of gesture is one in which the historian has to make the most of only a few clues (线索)． 5．(2024·广东湛江高三检测)The project is meant to contain (包含) the growing Sahara Desert and fight climate change. 6．(2023·北京高考)The reason is simple: we know of just one type of life and it's challenging to do science with a sample (样本) size of one. 7．(人教B3­U4)Countries around the globe (世界) are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions, whether to Mars or other planets much further away. 8．(2024·云南昆明高三质量检测)Another is to prevent loss of genetic diversity in rare (稀有的) or endangered plant species in an effort to conserve biodiversity. 9．(2024·浙江名校新高考研究联盟高三联考)Currently, labor education has been increasingly attached great importance to, but some students just bury (埋头) themselves in books, believing that labor is a waste of time. 10．Malnutrition in the region is widespread (分布广的)—affecting up to 78 percent of children under five years old. 1．calculate vt. 计算，核算→calculation n. 计算；核算 2．vary v. (使)不同，(使)呈现差异→variation n. 变化物，变体；差异，变动→various/varied adj. 各种各样的；变化的；多变的；迥异的 3．resilience n. 恢复力，复原力，适应力→resilient adj. 有适应力的，有复原力的，可迅速恢复的 4．innovate vi.& vt. 革新，创新，改革→innovation n. 革新，创新→innovative adj. 改革的；创新的→innovator n. 革新者；创新者 5．participate vi. 参加，参与→participation n. 参加→participant n. 参加者，参与者 6．mere adj. 仅仅，只不过；极小的，极不重要的→merely adv. 仅仅；只不过 7．system n. 系统，体系→systematic adj. 系统化的，有条理的 →systematically adv. 系统化地，有条理地 8．edit vi.& vt. 编辑，编校；剪辑，剪接→editor n. 编辑，主编→edition n. 版本；版次 9．ethic n. 行为准则，道德规范，伦理标准；伦理→ethical adj. 关于伦理的；合乎道德的 10．steady adj. 平稳的，稳步的，持续的→steadily adv.稳定地→steadiness n. 稳定；稳健；不变；稳固 11．identical adj. 完全相同的，非常相似的→identically adv. 完全相同地；一模一样地 12．astronomer n. 天文学家→astronomy n. 天文学 13．estimate vt. 估计，估算→estimation n. 估计；判断；评价 14．accuracy n. 精确；精准→accurate adj. 精确的；准确的，正确的→accurately adv. 准确地，正确地 15．visible adj. 看得见的→visibly adv. 明显地；看得见地；显然 16．crucial adj. 至关重要的，关键性的→crucially adv. 至关重要地，关键性地 17．classify vt. 将分类；把……归入一类→classification n. 归类，分类，分级 18．nerve n. 神经；焦虑，恐惧，紧张→nervous adj. 神经紧张的，担忧的；神经质的→nervously adv. 神经质地；焦急地；提心吊胆地 19．depress vt. 使沮丧→depression n. 沮丧，忧愁→depressed adj. 沮丧的，忧愁的→depressing adj. 令人沮丧的，让人忧愁的 20．physicist n. 物理学家→physics n. 物理学；物理特性，物理现象→physical adj. 身体的，肉体的；物质的→physically adv. 身体上，肉体上；按自然规律；实际上 1．It is an international sporting event with more than three thousand participants. Only in this way can the critical mass of participation be reached.(participate) 2．Our guess was confirmed by calculation. We calculated that the average size farm in Lancaster County was 65 acres. (calculate) 3．This collection of essays is edited by Ellen Knight, who is an editor in Youth.(edit) 4．The newly discovered star was named after a Chinese astronomer in honor of his contribution to astronomy．(astronomy) 5．To get accurate data, they planned the experiment accurately. Then they did the experiment again and again to improve the accuracy of predicting the earthquakes. (accurate) 6．For the speech, your pronunciation is crucial. It is also crucially important that you should be ready for it before the speech.(crucial) 7．The books in the library are classified according to subject. This kind of classification is convenient for the students to find them. (classify) 8．The depressing news made all of the students depressed. They should do something to reduce the depression．(depress) 9．Try to estimate how many candidates will take part in the interview. Who is the best candidate in your estimation？(estimate) 10．The significations of the stars are always varied,__as they vary in their configurations latitudes.(vary) 1 barrier [熟义]　n. 障碍，壁垒 [生义]　n. 检票口；隔栏，屏障 ①Passengers are requested to show their tickets at the barrier. 旅客需要在检票口出示车票。 ②The mountains acted as a natural barrier to the spread of the disease. 群山成为了阻止该疾病扩散的天然屏障。 2 treatment [熟义]　n. 诊疗，治疗，疗法 [生义]　n. 对待方式；待遇 I don't expect special treatment—I just want to be treated fairly. 我不期望特殊待遇——我只是希望得到公平的对待。 3 contain [熟义]　v. 包含，容纳，装盛 [生义]　v. 抑制，控制 She could no longer contain her anger and started yelling at him. 她再也无法抑制自己的愤怒，冲他大叫起来。 4 pose [熟义]　n. (为画像、拍照等而摆的)姿势，姿态 [生义]　vt. 造成，引起，产生(问题、危险、困难等) The mountain terrain poses particular problems for civil engineers. 这种高山地势给土木工程师带来了特殊问题。 小积累　 1.“因为”家族 ①because of ②due to ③owing to ④on account of ⑤as a result of 2.“导致”聚焦 ①cause vt. 引起，导致 ②lead to 导致；通向 ③result in 导致 ④contribute to 促成，导致；贡献 ⑤account for 导致；是……的原因 3.­ant结尾的常见名词 ①participant 参加者 ②attendant 服务员 ③assistant 助手 ④accountant 会计 ⑤inhabitant 居民 二　语块过关测＋练 1．lead__to 导致；通向 2．make__up 形成；构成；化妆；编造 3．be__devoted__to__...__ 致力于…… 4．break__out (突然)爆发 5．be__bound__to__do 注定做…… 6．be__related__to 与……有关 7．with__the__development__of 随着……的发展 8．at__one's__best 处于最佳状态 9．get__over 从(不快或疾病中)恢复过来 10．as__a__result__of 由于；因为 1．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as__a__result__of the classes. 2．(2024·湖南名校高三大联考)Aside from his modern works, Doshi was__devoted__to creating works to benefit the poor. 3．(人教B2­U1)Big challenges, however, can sometimes lead__to great solutions. 4．(2024·吉林省Best友好联合体高三检测)Young people who have never smoked cigarettes—rather than older cigarette users trying to break the habit—make__up the bulk of e­cigarette consumers. 5．(2024·湖南省部分学校高三阶段检测)With__the__development__of economy, more and more people have become rich enough to have a car. 三　句式迁移练 1．动词不定式作定语 【迁移创新】His__ability__to__get__on__with__people is his chief advantage. 他和人相处的能力是他的主要优势。 2．while “尽管，虽然”引导状语从句 【迁移创新】While__the__news,__so__far,__has__been__good,__there may be days ahead when it is bad. 虽然到目前为止都是好消息，但是可能过几天就有坏消息了。 3．insist that ... “坚称……” 【迁移创新】Police__insisted__that Michael did not follow the correct procedure in applying for a visa. 警方坚持认为迈克尔没有按正确的程序申请签证。 4．It is believed to ... “据认为……” 【迁移创新】It__is__believed__to be the world's biggest civil engineering project. 这被认为是全世界最大的土木工程项目。 Ⅰ　忆课文·语篇理解 Natural cloning has been going on for generations. An example of this is identical twins. A sheep __1__ (call) Dolly was the first mammal to be cloned artificially. Since Dolly, more than 20 mammal species __2__ (clone) including camels and goats. In 2018, the cloning of Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua, was announced by Chinese scientists. They were the first­ever primates to have been cloned. In __3__ (compare) with other species, scientists have had to work __4__ (hard) to break the technical barriers to get primates with __5__ (edit) genes. Scientists say that this major breakthrough offers the potential to give more accurate research results __6__ perhaps lead to cures for various diseases. __7__ some people believe it is crucial for scientific advancement, others raise moral concerns and worry that the technology might be abused by some __8__ (organization). 　So far, it is still __9__ (known) what will happen to Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua __10__ they grow up. Researchers insist that the science of cloning should be further explored and advanced. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9．________　10.________ 答案：1.called　2.have been cloned　3.comparison　4.harder　5.edited　6.and　7.While　8.organizations　9.unknown　10.as An epidemic is the rapid spread of an infectious disease over a short period of time, __1__ (cause) a large number of deaths, the number of __2__ differs for different diseases. One of the earliest __3__ (epidemic) on record took place as early as 500 to 550 CE. The same epidemic returned in the 1330s in Asia and spread quickly to Europe. Centuries later, the Great Flu Epidemic __4__ (strike) near the end of World War Ⅰ. Having killed up to 50 million people, it was considered __5__ (have) been the most severe epidemic in human history. The SARS epidemic began in 2002 __6__ lasted until 2003. Since its end, scientists have been doing trials __7__ treatments to prevent any future outbreaks. From 2013 to 2016, there was the most widespread outbreak of the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in West Africa, which was extremely __8__ (infect) with 30% low survival rate. The world countries want thorough and __9__ (system) medical research to get the causes and come up with cures as soon as possible. To do this, they need to work together __10__ teamwork among nations can save lives. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9．________　10.________ 答案：1.causing　2.which　3.epidemics　4.struck　5.to have　6.and　7.on　8.infectious　9.systematic　10.because Ⅱ　学思悟·重点突破 1　justify vt. 证明……有道理，为……辩护；对……作出解释 【知识归纳】 justify doing sth 证明做某事是正确/有理的 justify sth 证明某事 justify oneself to sb 对某人作出解释 【语用点拨】 ①No argument can justify a war. 没有任何理由能为战争辩护。(倡议书) ②You don't need to justify yourself to me. 你不必向我作出解释。(投诉信) ③I can't really justify taking another day off work.我真的找不出理由再多休一天假了。(事实描述) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Manufacturers need large sales to justify offering (offer) a big variety in export markets. ②It was the only thing that I could do—I__don't__have__to__justify__myself__to__anyone (我不必向任何人解释)． ③我们有责任证明我们如何使用我们的资金。 We are duty bound to justify__how__we__spend__our__funds． 2　 infer vt. 推断，推定(☞inference n. 推断，推理；推断结果，结论) 【知识归纳】 (1)infer sth (from sth) (从……中)推断 infer that ... 推断出 (2)make an inference 作出推论 【语用点拨】 ①We can infer the meaning of the word in the context. 我们可以从语境中推断这个词的含义。(建议信) ②What do we infer from her refusal？我们从她的拒绝中能推断出什么？(心理描写) ③His change of mind was recent and sudden, the inference being that someone had persuaded him.他最近突然改变了主意，估计是有人说服了他。(心理描写) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Much of the meaning must be__inferred (infer) from the context. ②He insisted that our inference (infer) was all wrong. ③I inferred from her expression that she wanted to leave. ④我们可以推断出，最后老人还是两手空空地回到家里。 We__can__infer__that in the end the old man would go home empty－handed. 3　 innovate vi.& vt. 革新，创新，改革(☞innovation n. 革新，创新 ☞innovative adj. 改革的；创新的 ☞innovator n. 改革者，创新者) 【知识归纳】 (1)be desperate to innovate 竭尽全力地创新 (2)the latest innovations in computer technology 计算机技术最新的创新 (3)innovative ideas/methods 创新的思想/方法 (4)a leading innovator in the industry 业内领先的创新者 【语用点拨】 ①Today, we continue to explore, eager to innovate. 今天，我们不断探索，渴望创新。(演讲稿) ②She was an imaginative and innovative manager.她是个具有想象力和创新精神的经理。(人物描写) ③He was one of the most creative and innovative engineers of his generation.他是同代人中最富有创造力和革新精神的工程师之一。(人物描写) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He was an innovator (innovate), and wasn't afraid to try something new. ②We should develop innovative (innovate) thinking abilities in the classrooms by giving students opportunities to generate new ideas. ③They encourage innovation (innovate)or imagination. ④我们必须不断适应并创新，以确保在持续扩大的市场中取得成功。 We must constantly__adapt__and__innovate to ensure success in a growing market. 4　 participant n. 参加者，参与者(☞participate vi. 参加，参与 ☞participation n. 参加) 【知识归纳】 (1)an active participant in the discussion 积极参与讨论的人 the majority of course participants 大多数课程参与者 (2)participate in＝take part in＝join in＝involve in 参加 (3)full participation by all members 全员充分参与 【语用点拨】 ①We want to encourage all members to participate fully in the running of the club. 我们想鼓励全员充分参与俱乐部的运营。(招聘启事) ②Flags of all the participating countries are flying outside the stadium. 所有参与国家的国旗都在体育场馆外飘扬。(报道) ③Antipoverty efforts require the participation of local farmers. 扶贫工作需要当地农民的参与。(报道) 【语境运用】单句语法填空 ①The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants (participant) as they completed tests of creative thinking. ②She never participates in any of our discussions, does she? ③Participation (participate) in a post­visit survey is required. 5　 comparison n. 比较(☞compare vt. 比较　n．比较 ☞comparable adj. 相当的；比得上的) 【知识归纳】 (1)in comparison with 与……相比 by comparison 相比之下 (2)compare A with/to B 对比/比较A和B compare A to B 把A比作B compare notes (with sb) (与某人)交换意见 (3)beyond compare 无与伦比 【语用点拨】 ①Living in the country is cheaper, in comparison with the big cities.与大城市相比，住在乡下更便宜。(调查报告) ②The youths are compared to the rising sun.青年人被比作冉冉升起的太阳。(演讲稿) ③We often compare notes with each other on our work and study. 我们经常就工作和学习方面互相交换意见。(经验交流) ④The beauty of our school is beyond compare.我们学校的美无与伦比。(场景描写) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①A teacher's work is often compared to a candle. ②Michael's new house is like a huge palace, compared with/to his old one. ③The tallest buildings in Sydney are small in comparison (compare) with those in London. ④(2023· 新课标Ⅱ卷)孩子们可以测试他们的技能，并将他们的能力与黄石公园的动物进行比较。 Kids can test their skills and compare__their__abilities__to/with the animals of Yellowstone. 6　 treatment n. 诊疗，治疗，疗法；对待方式(☞treat vt. 治疗；处理；对待) 【知识归纳】 (1)fair treatment 公平对待 receive treatment 接受治疗 under medical treatment 正在接受治疗 (2)treat ... with ... 以……对待…… treat ... as ... 把……当作…… treat sb for ... 为某人治疗……疾病 treat sb to ... 用……招待某人，以……款待某人 【语用点拨】 ①Treat other people as you hope they will treat you. 你希望别人如何对待你，你就如何对待他人。(演讲稿) ②The teachers treat us all the same in school. 在学校，老师对我们都一视同仁。(人物描写) ③I don't expect special treatment—I just want to be treated fairly. 我不期望特殊对待——我只是希望得到公平的对待。(日记) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Unfortunately, they face unfair treatment (treat) and discrimination in that country. ②Put your money away—I'm going to treat you to the dinner. ③(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)He developed a greenhouse—like facility that treated (treat) sewage (污水) from 1，600 homes in South Burlington. ④这个易碎的玻璃杯使用时一定要小心。 This delicate glass must__be__treated__with__care． 7　 contain vt. 包含，容纳，装盛；防止……蔓延(或恶化)；控制，克制，抑制(感情) 【知识归纳】 (1)contain 200 people 容纳200人 contain a lot of fat 脂肪含量高 (2)contain the disease 阻止疾病扩散 contain the violence 控制暴力行为 contain the fire 控制火势 (3)contain one's anger 抑制自己的愤怒 contain oneself 克制自己 【语用点拨】 ①Most vegetables contain fibre and should be included in your diet. 大多数蔬菜含有纤维，应加入你的饮食中。(建议信) ②A balanced menu must contain foods full of taste and nutrition. 一个均衡的菜单必须包含美味且营养丰富的食物。(建议信) ③She was unable to contain her excitement. 她无法抑制内心的激动。(情绪描写) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I lost a file containing (contain) a lot of important documents. ②Farms in the area have been closed off in an attempt to__contain (contain) the disease. ③她再也无法抑制自己的愤怒，不由自主地冲他大叫起来。 She could no longer contain__her__anger and started yelling at him. ④(2023·全国甲卷)那是邻居马里奥，给我们拿来一个箱子，里面有一些西红柿和一瓶葡萄酒。 It was neighbor called Mario, coming to bring us a box containing__some__tomatoes__and__a__bottle__of__wine． 8　 classify vt. 将……分类；把……归入一类(☞classification n. 归类，分类，分级) 【知识归纳】 (1)be classified by/according to ... 按照……分类 classify ... into different groups 把……分为不同的群体 classify ... as ... 把……归类为…… (2)the system of classification 分类体系 【语用点拨】 ①There will still be lots of challenges if we are to classify garbage in a short time. 如果我们要在短时间内对垃圾进行分类，仍然会有很多挑战。(倡议书) ②The books in the library should be classified by/according to subject.图书馆的书应按照学科分类。(建议信) ③Biologists classify animals and plants into different groups.生物学家把动物和植物归入不同的群体。(事物介绍) ④What we seek is a level of knowing that we could classify as beyond a reasonable doubt. 我们所追求的是我们可以将其归类为凌驾于合理怀疑之上的认知水平。(观点陈述) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①There is not enough evidence to classify it as a disease. ②Doing garbage classification (classify) in a right way can turn waste into wealth, which will benefit us a lot. ③你应该根据活动的紧迫性和重要性对它们进行分类。 You should classify__the__activities on the basis of their urgency and importance. 9　bury vt. 埋葬，安葬；埋藏；使陷入；埋头于，专心于 【知识归纳】 bury oneself in＝be buried in 埋头于；专心致志于 be absorbed in 全神贯注于，专心致志于 be devoted to 致力于 be concentrated on 专注于 be focused on 专注于；聚焦于 【语用点拨】 ①Like many of his colleagues, he's buried himself in his work. 像他的同事一样，他全心扑在工作上。(人物介绍) ②If you can be absorbed in one thing, then you are likely to defeat procrastination. 如果你能专注于一件事情，那你就有可能战胜拖延症。(建议信) ③She buried it under some leaves.她把它埋藏在一些树叶下。(动作描写) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I found the article buried (bury) away in the business section of the newspaper. ②You're likely to__be__focused (focus) on kindness, compassion and acceptance of others. ③She just buried herself in book or pulled a blanket over her head to fend off conversation. ④她总是埋头读书。 She is always buried__in__a__book． 10　be bound to 必定，一定要…… 【知识归纳】 (1)be bound and determined to do ... 一定要做…… be bound for 准备到……去；开往 (2)go beyond reasonable bounds 超出正常范围 beyond/outside the bounds of ... 超出……范围 know no bounds 无界限；没有止境 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①If you worked hard, you should be bound to__succeed (succeed)． ②They are bound and determined to__build (build) their own house someday. ③What he did went beyond the bounds of law. ④你接受的教育必定会塑造你的世界观。 Your education is__bound__to__shape your world view. 11　动词不定式作定语 【知识归纳】 (1)当被修饰词前有序数词(first，second等)、最高级或the next, the only, the very等修饰时，常用不定式作定语。 (2)用不定式作宾语的动词或者用不定式作补语的形容词，其对应名词一般用动词不定式作定语，包括：decision, tendency, ability, curiosity, failure, determination, intention, wish等。 (3)不定式作定语修饰表示方向、原因、时间、机会、希望、目的、权利等的抽象名词，包括ambition, effort, need, campaign, opportunity/chance, force, promise, courage, movement, method/way, struggle, motive, right等。 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He was the first jazz artist to__sell (sell) one million copies of an album, the second to__appear (appear) on the cover of Time magazine. ②In 1960s, she was the only one to__be__admitted (admit) in a college in the poor village. ③他们现在有机会出国深造。 They have now an opportunity to__go__abroad__to__study__further． 12　insist that ... “坚称……” 【知识归纳】 (1)insist后接 that 从句，表示“坚持，坚决要求”时，从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should 可以省略。 (2)insist表示“坚持说，坚持认为”时，从句用陈述语气。 (3)insist on/upon sth 坚决要求 insist on doing sth 坚持做 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①She insisted on telling me every single detail of what they did to her in hospital. ②I insisted that you (should)__be (be) there on time. ③我会坚持做对的事情，而且不会打退堂鼓！ I will insist__on__doing what is right and I will not back down! Ⅲ　语基过关检测 维度一　单句语法填空 1．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Books themselves may be used symbolically (symbolic) in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. 2．(2024·安徽江淮十校高三联考)This classification (classify) will help determine your priority. 3．40 of the course participants (participate) are offered employment with the company. 4．(2024·河南焦作高三质量检测)Gail officially (official) started duty as a part­time lifeguard on May 27. 5．(2023·全国乙卷)By winning the Olympic all­around title, she became the first black woman to__do (do) so. 6．(2024·广东部分学校高三联考)In the training team, Emily went through a series of trials (try). 7．I am utterly opposed (oppose) to any form of terrorism. 8．It's a blessing (bless) that nobody was in the house at the time. 9．(2024·浙江名校协作体高三适应性考试)Most smartphones allow you to run location－sharing software that uses the phone's GPS capability (capable) to let friends and family know your exact location. 10．It's depressing (depress) to think that it will soon be winter. 维度二　语篇练习 根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 The brain is an absolutely amazing ①organ (器官). It ②consists__of (包括) grey and white matter and weighs just over a kilo. It uses twenty percent of the body's energy and contains over one hundred billion cells. These make up nerve cells, ③which__are__connected__by__electrical__impulses (它们由电脉冲连接). There are more connections in one brain than there are ④atoms (原子) in the universe. Scientists ⑤who__study__the__brain (研究大脑的) have learnt a lot about the brain. There are different areas and these areas ⑥are__responsible__for (负责) different functions. We now know which parts of the brain ⑦are__related__to (与……有关) different parts of our body. For people who have lost an arm or a leg, they can still have feelings from it, like pain. You also have different areas for different kinds of thinking. ⑧For__example (例如), you have one area for your first language and another area for a foreign language. Ⅳ　读写用·素养提升 维度一　一词多义/熟词生义 (一)根据语境选出加黑词barrier的含义 A．n. 障碍，壁垒　B．n. 检票口　C．n. 隔栏，屏障 1．Show your ticket at the barrier. ________ 2．Despite the language barrier, they soon became good friends.________ 3．The Yangtze river is a natural barrier to the north­east. ________ 答案：1.B　2.A　3.C (二)根据语境选出加黑词pose的含义 A．n. (为画像、拍照等而摆的)姿势，姿态 B．vt. 造成，引起，产生(问题、危险、困难等) 1．Drunken drivers pose a serious threat to other road users.________ 2．We have had several preliminary sittings in various poses. ________ 答案：1.B　2.A 维度二　构词法 (2024·江苏连云港高级中学高三月考)This favorable treatment continues into adulthood, as attractive people are more likely to be chosen for leadership positions and given more opportunities. 派生词：动词treat 意为对待，看待；治疗，医治；­ment为名词后缀，treatment意为诊疗，治疗，疗法；对待方式。 维度三　长难句分析 (人教XB4­U1)She told him how she was unhappy that her home wasn't elegant enough for Larry, who wanted to improve his social position with a bigger salary. 一划主干：She__told__him__how__she__was__unhappy。 二括修饰：how引导宾语从句； that引导状语从句；who引导非限制性定语从句。 三会意：她告诉他自己多么不开心，因为拉里觉得家里不够优雅，她想用更高的薪水提高自己的社会地位。 维度四　写作提能 完成句子/词汇升级/一句多译 1．请记住，成功来自努力工作，而懒惰导致失败。(建议信) Please keep in mind that success comes from hard work while laziness leads__to__failure． 2．我们都坚持认为，当我们想要达成目标时，自己的工作是有一定意义的。 We__all__insist__that our jobs mean something when we want to achieve goals. 3．As__a__result__of__my__hard__work (由于我的努力), I defeated all the competitors and won the scholarship.(演讲稿) 4．With abundant capability, our teacher will be innovate in conducting each class. (人物描写)is__bound__to 5．我的生物课从来不让人感到沮丧。它与普通的生物课完全不同。 My biology classes are never depressing. They differ__wholly__from__ordinary__ones． ＝My biology classes, differing__wholly__from__ordinary__ones,__are never depressing. 课时作业 Ⅰ.阅读 A (2024·河南省许昌市高三月考)About a year and a half ago, Patrick Doherty found out he had a rare, but disastrous inherited disease—known as transthyretin amyloidosis—that had killed his father. A misshapen protein was building up in his body, destroying important tissues. Victims of this disease often die a difficult death. So Doherty was thrilled when he found out that doctors were testing a new way to try to treat amyloidosis. The approach used a revolutionary gene­editing technique called CRISPR, which allows scientists to make very precise changes in DNA.On Saturday, researchers reported the first data indicating that the experimental treatment worked, causing levels of the destructive protein to decrease in Doherty's body. CRISPR has already been shown to help some patients. And doctors are trying to use it to treat cancer and to restore vision to people blinded by a rare genetic disorder. But those experiments involve taking cells out of the body, editing them in the lab, and putting them back in or injecting CRISPR directly into cells that need fixing. 　The study Doherty volunteered for is the first in which doctors are simply putting the gene­editor directly into patients and letting it find its own way to the right gene in the right cells. In this case, it's cells in the liver making the destructive protein. 　“It really is exciting，” says Dr Julian Gillmore, who is leading the study at the University College London, Royal Free Hospital. “This has the potential to completely revolutionize the outcome for these patients who have lived with this disease in their family for many generations.” The patients will have to be followed longer, and more patients will have to be treated, to make sure the treatment's safe, and determine how much it's helping, Gillmore stresses. 　The promising results potentially open the door for using the same approach to treatment of many other, more common diseases for which taking cells out of the body or directly injecting CRISPR isn't realistic, including heart disease and brain diseases such as Alzheimer's. 篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了一项使用CRISPR基因编辑技术治疗罕见遗传疾病——淀粉样变性的初步结果。 1．Why is Patrick Doherty mentioned in the text? A．To prove a new treatment worked well. B．To show how CRISPR was carried out. C．To provide background information of CRISPR. D．To introduce a disease requiring urgent attention. 答案：A　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Patrick Doherty found out ... had killed his father”以及第二段中的“So Doherty was thrilled ... precise changes in DNA.”可知，Patrick Doherty(帕特里克·多尔蒂)病情严重，新疗法CRISPR能够对此疾病进行有效的治疗，由此可推知，介绍Patrick Doherty的状况，是为了证明CRISPR新疗法的效果。故选A。 2．What is special about the study Doherty volunteered for? A．It's the first gene­editing experiment. B．CRISPR was injected into the liver cells. C．Doherty's cells were taken out of his body. D．Gene­editors were put directly into the patient. 答案：D　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“The study Doherty ... in the right cells.”可知，Doherty志愿参与的研究是第一次直接将基因编辑器注入病人体内进行治疗。故选D。 3．What does Dr Julian Gillmore think of the results of the study? A．It holds great promise. B．It's far from satisfactory. C．It won't bring about any danger. D．It should be put into use immediately. 答案：A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“This has the potential ... for many generations.”可知，这种方法可能彻底改变那些在家族中世代患有这种疾病的患者的治疗结果。由此可推知，该技术非常有前景。故选A。 4．What's the last paragraph talking about? A．Faults of CRISPR. B．Results of the study. C．Prospects of the study. D．Applications of CRISPR. 答案：C　段落大意题。根据最后一段内容可知，本段主要讲述这个研究结果可能打开治疗其他疾病的大门，即讲述这个研究的前景。故选C。 B (2024·广东省深圳市高三质量检测)Next time you're having trouble solving a tricky puzzle, consider asking a nearby bumblebee. A new study in the journal PLOS Biology finds that bumblebees can learn certain behaviors from each other, suggesting these social insects have a capacity for what we humans call “culture”． 　In the past couple of decades, a growing body of evidence has shown that animals like chimps and birds show behaviors of learning. If what they learn lasts for a long time, it turns into a tradition. And culture is made up of multiple traditions. “Bumblebees, though, have some of the most complex behavioral abilities, nobody's really thought to look at culture in such insects and generally assume they're mostly driven by inborn factors instead，” says Alice Bridges, a behavioral ecologist at Anglia Ruskin University in England. 　 To prove them wrong, Bridges built a puzzle box, whose base held the reward: a drop of super sweet sugar water. The box was designed with a rotating (旋转) top that can be rotated by pushing either on a red tab clockwise or a blue tab anti­clockwise. Some bees were trained to push the red tab to get the sugar water while others pushed the blue one. Then, these tutor bees were placed inside different colonies (蜂群), along with the puzzle boxes. The experiment ultimately played itself out. In colonies where the tutor bee had originally learned to push the red tab, the other bees in the colony usually pushed the red tab. In colonies where the tutor bee was trained to push the blue tab, their fellow bees also tended to do the same. In contrast, in the control groups without tutors, the bees sometimes learned how to open the boxes, but most of them would do it once or twice and then never again. “They perhaps hadn't quite made the link between their behavior and the reward，” Bridges supposes. 　 “Many of us consider ourselves to be rather special ... because we have culture, we can learn and we're social，” Bridges says. “But now it turns out that even the bee also has culture, which is an uncomfortable truth: human culture, once thought unique, does not emerge ‘out of the blue’ but has obviously built on deep evolutionary foundations.\” 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，即大黄蜂具有人类所说的“文化”。 5．What is people's common attitude to bumblebees having culture? A．Positive. B．Indifferent. C．Interested. D．Doubtful. 答案：D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Bumblebees, though, have ... at Anglia Ruskin University in England.”可推知，人们对大黄蜂具有文化持有怀疑的态度。故选D。 6．Why does Bridges place trained bees inside different colonies? A．To test their learning capability in new settings. B．To see if they will spread the secret of the boxes. C．To evaluate their ruling power in various groups. D．To observe if they will share their food with peers. 答案：B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“The experiment ultimately ... tended to do the same.”可推知，Bridges(布里奇斯)把经过训练的蜜蜂放在不同的蜂群里，是为了观察蜜蜂是否会传播盒子里的秘密，将自己的行为传播给同伴。故选B。 7．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning the study? A．Its appeal to the public. B．Implications on cultural origins. C．Its practical application. D．Suggestions for future directions. 答案：B　段落大意题。根据最后一段中的“But now it turns out ... deep evolutionary foundations.”可知，本段主要介绍了曾经被认为是独一无二的文化并不是突然出现，而是逐渐进化而来的，即本段主要谈论了这项研究对于文化起源的影响。故选B。 8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Human Culture Is Losing Its Uniqueness B．Bee's Behavior Builds on Biological Factors C．Culture May Be Present Among Bumblebees D．Animals' Evolution May Start from Colonies 答案：C　标题判断题。通读全文，并根据第二段内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的研究发现大黄蜂具有人类所说的文化，C项(文化可能存在于大黄蜂中)最适合作为文章标题。故选C。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2023·河北省石家庄市高三模拟预测)Back pain can make it difficult for many people to function in everyday life. __1__ If you suffer from back pain, read on for four everyday fixes. Our bodies need adequate movement throughout the day to avoid the stiffness that contributes to aches and pains. If the weather is good, don't hunt for the nearest parking spot; don't take the elevator when you have the option of one or two flights of stairs. When you need to sit for long periods, set a timer to get up every hour and be active for just a few minutes. __2__ 　When we overuse our dominant side, we create muscle patterns of weakness and tension that increase pain, especially in our backs. Consider the actions you take repeatedly throughout the day that shift your weight to one side. __3__ And use your opposite hand every so often for basic activities, such as opening doors. 　Psychological stress is a noted risk factor for back pain, according to research. Most mental stress is caused by focusing on the past or future. __4__ A few minutes a day of mindfulness can go a long way toward minimizing the impact of stress. Additionally, mindfulness practices like tai chi have all shown effectiveness in reducing back pain. __5__ That is, you can create a game plan of daily activities to practice for back health. If your back hurts at the end of the day, don't just decide it was a “bad” day. Ask yourself if you practiced the activities to help you avoid the stress and tension. Taking an active, daily­life approach to maintaining a healthy body is the key to keeping back pain at bay. A．Switch sides when you carry things. B．It affects how you move, feel and think. C．You should learn more about the cause of your pain. D．Approach the health of your back as a responsibility. E．So actively being mindful of the present reduces stress. F．You'd better take a quick break to check in with your breathing. G．More minutes of movement add up to big health benefits over time. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些缓解背部疼痛的方法。 1．B　根据上文“Back pain can make it difficult for many people to function in everyday life.(背部疼痛会使许多人在日常生活中难以正常工作。)”可知，设空处继续说明背部疼痛对人们的影响，B项(它影响你的行动、感觉和思考。)符合语境，且其中It指代上文中的“Back pain”。故选B。 2．G　根据上文“Our bodies need ... for just a few minutes.”可知，本段主要说明了尽量多运动。G项(随着时间的推移，运动时间的增加对健康有很大的好处。)符合语境。故选G。 3．A　根据上文“When we overuse ... to one side.”可知，如果我们一直让身体的一边受力工作，可能会造成疼痛。A项(拿东西的时候换一边。)承接上文。故选A。 4．E　根据上文“Psychological stress is ... the past or future.(研究表明，心理压力是背痛的一个重要风险因素。大多数精神压力都是由关注过去或未来引起的。)”可知，E项(所以积极地关注当下可以减少压力。)符合语境。故选E。 5．D　根据下文“That is, you can create ... keeping back pain at bay.”可知，下文提到制订一个日常活动的行动计划来练习背部健康。D项(把保持背部健康视为一种责任。)引出下文。故选D。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2024·山西省晋中市高三第二次联考)In order to create more harmonious living conditions and enhance students' college experiences, Chinese universities are changing how roommates and dormitories are assigned. Instead of __1__ (random) pairing roommates, which students refer to as “opening a blind box”， many universities have announced that first­year students will be allowed to choose __2__ (they)roommates and dormitories. 　Since 2001, China __3__ (establish)a dormitory standard: rooms for undergraduates, postgraduates, __4__ doctoral students accommodate four people, two people, and one person, respectively. Initially, universities assign rooms, and students can only change if they give valid (合理的) reasons __5__ are approved by their schools. 　“We've found that our own arrangements are increasingly incapable __6__ meeting the demands for independence from the post­'90s and post­'00s students，” said a college teacher in Nanjing. “This year, students have the option of __7__ (select)their own bed in a dorm online.” 　“The __8__ (increase) flexibility improves our chances of finding suitable roommates and starting college life on a happy note，” said a college freshman. She added that this policy encourages students __9__ (voice)their preferences and expectations. 　The policy shift has rapidly caught online attention. Some praised it as __10__ sensible step that could prevent conflicts, while others questioned its importance, noting that students might still lack a deep understanding of each other when making decisions. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9．________　10.________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国多所高校推出宿舍定制服务，使学生拥有“室友选择权”。 1．randomly　考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰动词作状语。故填randomly。 2．their　考查代词。此处应用形容词性物主代词修饰名词短语roommates and dormitories，作定语。故填their。 3．has established　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“Since 2001”可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语China为单数。故填has established。 4．and　考查连词。句意：自2001年以来，中国制定了宿舍标准：本科生、研究生和博士生的宿舍分别可容纳四人、两人和一人。根据句意可知，此处应用并列连词and连接多个名词。故填and。 5．that/which　考查定语从句的引导词。此处引导定语从句，先行词为reasons，指物，从句中缺主语。故填that/which。 6．of　考查介词。句意：南京的一位大学教师说：“我们发现，我们自己的安排越来越无法满足90后和00后学生对独立的要求。”短语be incapable of意为“不能”。故填of。 7．selecting　考查非谓语动词。介词of后应用动名词作宾语。故填selecting。 8．increased　考查词性转换。句意：一位大学新生说：“灵活性的增强提高了我们找到合适室友的机会，也让我们愉快地开始了大学生活。”此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词flexibility。故填increased。 9．to voice　考查非谓语动词。句意：她补充说，这项政策鼓励学生表达自己的偏好和期望。encourage sb to do sth意为 “鼓励某人做某事”。故填to voice。 10．a　考查冠词。此处泛指“明智的一步”，应用不定冠词，且sensible是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 写作限时练(6) Ⅰ.应用文写作 (2024·江西省吉安市高三质检)假定你是李华，中国青年志愿者网(China Youth Volunteers)计划在暑假面向高三毕业生招募1，000名志愿者，进行急救知识普及活动。你想申请成为其中一员。请用英语写一封自荐信。要点如下： 1．个人情况； 2．个人优势； 3．申请目的。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Sir/Madam, My name is Li Hua, a boy aged 18. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Yours truly， Li Hua [精彩范文] Dear Sir/Madam， My name is Li Hua, a boy aged 18. I feel honored to apply for a position to be a volunteer, getting across the common sense of first aid. 　 Firstly, I have a good knowledge of first aid because my parents are both doctors. They once taught me how to perform first aid. What's more, I am easy­going and good at communicating with others, which guarantees me to be of help. Last but not least, thanks to the constant exercise and body building, I am in good condition. 　On the whole, I am qualified to be a volunteer. I hope to help out people in need and reward our society as soon as possible. Looking forward to your earliest reply. Yours truly， Li Hua Ⅱ.读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (2024·河南省周口市高三月考)Oh, this was terrible. “Thank you for volunteering to coach soccer ...” the letter began. Coach? Soccer? Me? That was crazy. My knowledge of the sport began and ended with you­can't­use­your­hands. I have just graduated from high school. There was a summer holiday long enough to do something unusual, Father advised me to pick up a part­time job in our community, like teaching kids to swim or helping them with their subjects. “You'll learn a lot，” he said. So, when Community Sports asked for volunteers, I signed up for data entry, which, I thought was helping to put data into a computer. Keyboards, I knew. Coaching? Impossible! Realizing there must be something wrong, I quickly called the head coach about the misunderstanding. It did not go well. He had been away from home and would not be coaching at all. Panicked, I called the other assistant coach. He said, “It isn't difficult to teach a bunch of first graders about soccer. Be confident.” “Are you kidding me？” I hung up the phone, smiling bitterly. 　I phoned a Community Sports officer about our dilemma. “I am sorry，” he said. “Not enough people are willing to volunteer. If you cannot coach, we will call your team and let them know they will not be playing this season.” Seriously, that was his solution? I hung up the phone, saying I would call back to let him know my choice. That afternoon, when Father came back, I told everything to him, complaining how careless and ridiculous the community workers were. They should have suggested my “pretending” to be a coach. Father stared at me, “Hey, listen! I remember you like watching soccer games.” “Watching is one thing but coaching is another，” I protested. “Why not learn the game with the kids? To those first graders, it's just a game. Just make it fun. Besides, you'll gain more than them.” I couldn't imagine the kids' disappointed faces when they were told their team wouldn't play because they couldn't find them a coach. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150个左右； 2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 The next morning, I called back. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Then came the day when I would meet those kids for the first time. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在高中毕业后，申请做社区体育的志愿者，结果收到的是要求自己当足球教练的邀请函。作者会接受这一邀请吗？作者与孩子们相处得如何？ [精彩范文] The next morning, I called back. “Okay，” I said. “Put me down for coach.” At the other end of the line, the man burst into laughter. He told me they would have a coaching clinic on Saturday which might help. But I could hardly wait that long. The moment I put down the phone, I rushed to my computer and started researching everything about soccer and everything about how to get along with first graders. The more I learnt, the more confident I felt. Then came the day when I would meet those kids for the first time. I took a deep breath and stepped onto the ground, where, 22 kids were waiting, their eyes sparkling with excitement and eagerness. That season, we played and won great popularity. The time spent with them proved rewarding. It's not such a challenging job to teach them to play soccer because what mattered more was not to win but to make it fun to learn. More importantly, I learnt a life lesson: To be outstanding—get comfortable with being uncomfortable. 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$