选择性必修第二册 UNIT 4 HUMOUR-【金版教程】2025年高考英语一轮复习解决方案全书word（新教材，北师大版）

金版教程　高考科学复习解决方案　英语[S] 一　词汇过关测＋练 1．agent　ag­ 做＋­ent人→做的人；引申为代理人 2．deserve　de­ 加强＋serve 服务→一再保持；引申为应得，应受到 3．contemporary　con­ 共同＋tempor时间＋­ary ……的→同时间的；引申为当代的 4．attain　at­ 加强＋­tain 拿住→稳稳拿住；引申为得到，获得 5．forecast　fore­ 前面＋cast 投；发射→预先发出(信息)；引申为预测，预报 1．scientific adj. 科学(上)的 2．obtain vt. 获得，得到 3．comedy n. 喜剧；喜剧片 4．plot n. (书、电影、戏剧的)情节 5．interact vi. 交流；交往；相互作用 6．expense n. 费用，花费 7．demand vt. 要求 8．facial adj. 面部的；脸上的 9．antique n. 古董　adj. 古时制造的 10．astronomy n. 天文学 11．immune adj. 有免疫力的 12．mood n. 心情，情绪 13．astonished adj. 吃惊的，惊讶的 14．humorous adj. 幽默的，诙谐的 15．consultation n. 就诊；咨询 16．examine vt. 检查 17．announce vt. 宣布，宣告 18．crisis n. 危难时刻；危机 19．enhance vt. 增强；改进；提高 20．contrary n. 正相反，恰恰相反　adj. 相对立的，相反的 21．accidentally adv. 偶然地，意外地 22．pretend vi.& vt. 假装，装作 23．dizzy adj. 头晕目眩的 24．collapse vi. 突然倒下 25．tension n. 紧张；焦虑；焦急 26．far－reaching adj. 影响深远的 27．whisper vi.& vt. 悄声说，低语，耳语 28．atmosphere n. 大气(层)；气氛，氛围，环境 29．reputation n. 名誉，名望 30．universal adj. 广泛适用的；共同的，普遍的 31．academic adj. 学术的 32．talent n. 天资，天赋，才能 33．encounter vt. 遇到 34．criticise vi.& vt. 批评；指责 35．measurement n. 测量，计量，衡量 36．scholarship n. 奖学金 37．incorporate vt. 把……并入；包含 38．afterwards adv. 随后，后来 39．rarely adv. 很少，难得 40．genius n. 天才，天赋；天才人物 1．(2023·全国乙卷)From the English side, we have scientific (科学的) reports and the captain's record of that terrible day. 2．(2024·重庆市渝北中学高三月考)When our captain got the ball, one of them pretended (假装) to be knocked into by him. 3．(2024· 河北省沧州市高三月考)Hard skills are the training and knowledge you've obtained (获得) during your college and career. 4．(2024·河北省保定市高三质量检测)But later, I was astonished (吃惊的) when I got to experience it firsthand. 5．(人教XB2­U4)Well, contrary (相反) to what many people believe, there are a lot of vast and empty spaces in China, actually. 6．(2024· 江苏省无锡市高三学情调研)We were taught how to examine (检查) a patient's tongue and pulse to gather evidence of any imbalances in the body. 7．(2024·浙江名校协作体高三质量检测)Suddenly, Paulie grabbed my arm. “Listen，” he whispered (悄声说). 8．Don't criticise (批评) others for their flaws if you are not willing to confess your own. 9．(2024·广东省部分学校高三阶段测试)Being organized or maintaining a sense of order in your home and workplace can bring a sense of calm, reduce stress and enhance (提高) productivity. 10．(2024·广东河源高三联考)With the help of family, scholarships (奖学金) and a job as a private teacher, Desmond was able to afford school fees for a “very stressful first two years” in the US. 1．significant adj. 重要的，重大的→significantly adv. 重要地，重大地→significance n. 重要性 2．pure adj. 纯净的→purely adv. 完全地，纯粹地，仅仅→purify vt. 使纯净，净化 3．consume vt. 消耗；吃；消费→consumer n. 消费者→consumption n. 消耗，消费 4．anxious adj. 焦虑的，不安的→anxiously adv. 焦虑地，不安地→anxiety n. 焦虑，不安，担心 5．potential n. 潜力，能力　adj. 潜在的，可能的→potentially adv. 可能地，潜在地 6．amuse vt. 使开心；逗笑→amused adj. 开心的→amusing adj. 好笑的，有趣的→amusement n. 娱乐 7．innocent adj. 清白的，天真的，无知的→innocently adv. 装作若无其事地；天真地；无辜地→innocence n. 清白，无辜 8．faith n. 相信；信任→faithful adj. 忠诚的→faithfully adv. 忠诚地；忠实地；准确地 9．loose adj. 松散的→loosely adv. 松散地；不严谨地→loosen vt. (使)松散，(使)松开 10．infection n. 感染；传染→infect v. 传染，浸染；污染→infectious adj. 传染的，传染性的；有感染力的，有影响力的 11．energy n. 精力，能量→energise vt. 使充满活力；使增强决心→energetic adj. 精力旺盛的，有活力的→energetically adv. 精力充沛地；积极地 12．convince vt. 说服→convinced adj. 确信的，信服的→convincing adj. 令人信服的 13．embarrass vt. 使难堪，使尴尬→embarrassed adj. 难堪的，尴尬的→embarrassing adj. 令人难堪的→embarrassment n. 窘迫，尴尬 14．nation n. 国家，民族→national adj. 国家的；民族的→nationality n. 国籍→nationwide adj. 全国范围的 15．confuse vt. 使困惑→confused adj. 困惑的→confusing adj. 令人困惑的→confusion n. 困惑 16．rely vi. 依赖→reliable adj. 可信赖的；可依靠的；可靠的→reliably adv. 可靠地；可信赖地 17．astonish vt. 使惊讶→astonished adj. 吃惊的，惊讶的→astonishing adj. 令人吃惊的→astonishment n. 惊讶；令人惊讶的事 18．create vt. 创造→creative adj. 创造性的→creatively adv. 创造性地→creation n. 创造物，作品→creativity n. 创造力；独创性 19．balance n．& vt. 平衡→balanced adj. 平衡的→unbalanced adj. 不平衡的 20．produce vt. 生产，制作→producer n. 制作人，制片人→production n. 生产，产量 1．An unbalanced diet is harmful to our health. We should not only keep the balance between work and joy, but also we should keep a balanced diet.(balance) 2．His failing to answer the question is embarrassing,__but to avoid the embarrassment,__the teacher immediately asked him some easier questions, making him less embarrassed．(embarrass) 3．The confusing instructions made us confused. To avoid confusion,__can you list the important points to us clearly? (confuse) 4．The two women have been faithful friends ever since they met at university. They have faith in their friendship. They promised faithfully that they would never leave each other. (faith) 5．The doctor gave him some convincing reasons to convince him to do exercise regularly, but he isn't convinced．(convince) 6．These astronauts, who are considered as the national heroes of their nation,__have been working hard to assure the success of this space travel which draws the nationwide attention. (nation) 7．She felt amused to hear him play the piano. She approached to him with amusement,__smiling, “It's amusing to listen to your music.” He answered, “I play the piano just to amuse myself.” (amuse) 8．To my astonishment,__instead of feeling astonished at the astonishing news, they stayed silent.(astonish) 9．This 25­foot­high sculpture is his latest creation. His creative ideas came from observing the ordinary things in life and thinking creatively．(create) 10．You can rely on the newly­made robot because its programs are very reliable. I think it can do a job reliably in the real world better than a human. (rely) 1 swing [熟义]　vi.& vt. (使)摆动；(使)转动 [生义]　n. 挥动，挥舞；秋千；改变　vi.& vt. 朝……打去；荡秋千；改变 ①Go to the neighbourhood park. Run around, push the kids on the swings. 到附近的公园去吧。跑跑步，帮孩子们推一推秋千。 ②He swung his fist towards Ben's face. 他挥拳打向本的脸。 ③His mood swings between elation and despair. 他情绪多变，一会儿兴高采烈，一会儿又伤心绝望。 2 collapse [熟义]　vi. 突然倒下 [生义]　vi. (突然)失败；崩溃；(突然)降价，贬值；折叠 ①Talks between management and unions have collapsed. 资方与工会的谈判已告破裂。 ②Share prices collapsed after news of poor trading figures. 在交易数额不佳的消息公布后，股票价格暴跌。 ③The table collapses for easy storage. 这桌子可折叠起来，方便存放。 3 consume [熟义]　vt. 消耗；吃；消费 [生义]　vt. (火)吞噬，烧毁，毁灭；充满(某种强烈的感情) ①The building was consumed by the big fire in half an hour. 这座建筑在半小时内被大火吞噬。 ②As a teenager, I was consumed by passion for the boy next door. 十几岁时，我对隔壁的男孩充满热情。 4 appetite [熟义]　n. 胃口，食欲 [生义]　n. 欲望，渴求 This book aroused her appetite for adventure. 这本书激起了她冒险的欲望。 小积累 　1.“偶然”家族 ①accidentally 偶然地；意外地 ②be accident 偶然；意外地 ③by chance 偶然 ④by coincidence巧合 ⑤It happened that ... 碰巧 2.“依赖”聚焦 ①rely on ②depend on ③count on ④be dependent on 3.­ee结尾的名词 ①referee 裁判 ②refugee 避难者 ③trainee 实习生 ④retiree 退休人员 二　语块过关测＋练 1．at__sb's__expense 嘲笑某人 2．follow__in__one's__footsteps 效仿某人 3．rely__on 依赖；信赖 4．in__a__bad__mood 心情不好 5．go__wrong 出差错 6．a__sense__of 一种……的感觉 7．on__the__contrary 相反 8．so__far 到目前为止；迄今为止 9．boarding__school 寄宿学校 10．believe__in 相信；信任 1．(2024·四川成都高三质量检测)Most people rely__on the Internet to stay informed and connected with our communities. 2．(2024·浙江省普通高中高三尖子生深研模拟)She used to be worried I would be in__a__bad__mood. But now she realized everything was in a good order. 3．(译林B1­U1)Despite all these improvements, I have also found something that still needs to be done: so__far no basketball court has been built. 4．(2024·广东七校联合体高三联考)Our justice system certainly is not perfect, but I'm passionate about doing my little part to make it better. I believe__in action and moving the ball forward. 5．(2024·广东部分学校高三联考)When things go__wrong,__treating yourself with kindness and calming your nerves with gentleness can bring the lower level of anxiety and depression. 三　句式迁移练 1．“Neither/Nor＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语”结构 【迁移创新】He didn't remember and neither/nor__did__I． 他没记住，我也忘了。 2．现在分词短语作状语 【迁移创新】An earthquake has hit the capital, causing__damage__to__buildings__and__panic__among__the__people． 一场地震袭击了首都，造成建筑物的损坏和人们的惊慌。 3．That's why ... “这就是……的原因”结构 【迁移创新】He doesn't take chances; that's__why__he's__survived and most of his imitators haven't. 他没有冒险；这就是为什么他得以幸存下来，而他的大部分仿效者却没有。 4．“in order to＋动词原形”作目的状语 【迁移创新】My friends endured tremendous danger in__order__to__help__me． 为了帮助我，我的朋友们经历了巨大的危险。 Ⅰ　忆课文·语篇理解 A famous art collector __1__ (walk) through the city when he caught sight __2__ a dirty cat lapping milk from a saucer in the doorway of a store. He did a double take. It was a __3__ (value) antique. He pretended to be calm and made __4__ attempt to get the saucer. So he walked casually into the store and __5__ (innocent) offered to buy the cat for a high price. He said he needed a hungry cat with a good appetite around the house __6__ (catch) mice. After the deal, the art collector asked the owner to give __7__ (he) the saucer in return. The owner __8__ (refuse) to do so and said it was his __9__ (luck) saucer that helped him sell so many cats, __10__ made the art collector in a bad mood. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 答案：1.was walking　2.of　3.valuable　4.an　5.innocently　6.to catch　7.him　8.refused　9.lucky 10．which The Contemporary Chaplin Rowan Atkinson is an English actor, comedian and screenwriter we know him best __1__ the awkward, clumsy, but always amusing Mr Bean. He grew up on a farm with his parents and three older brothers. He had a very successful academic career. At the age of 13, he __2__ (award) a scholarship to a boarding school. Later, he studied at Newcastle University __3__ he attained the highest marks in his year. At Oxford, he obtained his master's degree in __4__ (electric) engineering. When Rowan was young, he had a stutter and to make his speech __5__ (clear), he began to speak very carefully. This may be __6__ some of his characters have unusual ways of __7__ (speak)． As early as primary school，Rowan __8__ (show) a talent for acting，but __9__ was only later at university that he decided to become an actor. John Lloyd, who worked as a producer for BBC Television, says that one __10__ (rare) meets someone with such genius, and that when he worked with Atkinson he became convinced that Rowan would be more famous than Charlie Chaplin. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 答案：1.as　2.was awarded　3.where　4.electrical　5.clearer　6.why　7.speaking　8.had shown　9.it 10．rarely Ⅱ　学思悟·重点突破 1 pretend vi.& vt. 假装，装作 【知识归纳】 pretend sth 谎称某事 pretend to be＋n./adj. 假装是…… pretend (not) to do sth 假装(不)做某事 pretend to be doing sth 假装正在做某事 pretend to have done sth 假装已经做了某事 pretend that ... 假装…… 【语用点拨】 ①He pretended that things were really okay when they were not.他在情况不好的时候谎称一切都很好。(人物描写) ②I can't pretend to any great musical talent.我不能妄称自己多有音乐天赋。(建议信) ③She sidled past him, pretending that she had not seen him.她悄悄地从他身边走过，假装没有看见他。(动作描写) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①So I carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would pretend to be__reading (read)． ②When his mother entered his room, he pretended to have__fallen (fall) asleep. ③I had been lying to myself, pretending that everything was fine. ④He pretended__not__to__know (他假装不知道) how to play the piano. 2 anxiety n. 焦虑，不安，担心(☞anxious adj. 焦虑的，不安的 ☞anxiously adv. 焦虑地，不安地) 【知识归纳】 (1)full of anxiety 充满焦虑 job anxieties 工作焦虑 an anxiety disorder/attack 焦虑症/焦虑症发作 anxiety about/over 对……的焦虑 (2)be anxious about 担心…… be anxious to do sth 急于做某事 be anxious that ... 渴望……；非常希望…… 【语用点拨】 ①That explains your anxiety over your health.那解释了你对自己健康的焦虑。(劝慰信) ②I saw my sister's anxious face at the window.我在窗口看到了姐姐那张忧心忡忡的脸。(心理描写) ③I'm anxious that we get there on time because I don't think there will be many seats left.我希望我们能准时赶到那里，因为我觉得到时候就没有太多空座了。(留言条) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Children normally feel a lot of anxiety about/over their first day at school. ②The drought has made farmers anxious (anxiety) about the harvest. ③他曾医治过患有焦虑症、抑郁症和进食障碍的病人。 He has helped patients suffering__from__anxiety,__depression, and eating disorders. ④彼得本周末就要离开了，所以他急着把工作赶完。 Peter is__anxious__to__finish__his__work because he's leaving at the end of this week. 3 enhance vt. 增强；改进；提高 【知识归纳】 enhance one's reputation 提高某人的声誉 enhance the quality of life 提高生活质量 enhance one's image 改善某人的形象 enhance the value of 提高……的价值 enhance one's career prospects 提高某人的职业前景 【语用点拨】 ①It's things like this that enhance the quality of life.正是这些东西提高了生活质量。(社会现象) ②I should be confident and enhance my ability to achieve my goal.为实现我的目标，我应该要有信心，并提高我的能力。(日记) ③Not everyone agrees that programs that seek to enhance academic skills during the preschool years are a good thing.并不是每个人都认为，在学前阶段寻求提高学习技能的项目是一件好事。(博客) 【语境运用】完成句子 ①一些研究表明，名牌大学确实提高了他们的毕业生一生的收入。 By some studies, selective schools do enhance__their__graduates'__lifetime__earnings． ②这是提高公司声誉的机会。 This is an opportunity to enhance__the__reputation__of__the__company． ③They partner with technology companies to enhance__teaching__efficiency (提高教学效率)． 4 consume vt. 消耗；吃；消费；使充满(强烈的感情)(☞consumer n. 消费者 ☞consumption n. 消耗，消费) 【知识归纳】 (1)consume the world's oil 消耗世界的石油 consume food 吃东西 consume a large amount of ... 消耗很多的…… be consumed by/with sth 被……吞噬；充满(某种强烈的感情) (2)for internal consumption only 仅供内部使用 【语用点拨】 ①Our high living standards cause our current population to consume 25 percent of the world's oil.我们的高生活水准致使我们目前的人口要消耗世界石油的25%。(倡议书) ②He consumes huge amounts of bread with every meal.他每顿饭都要吃掉大量的面包。(人物介绍) ③Most of the wine was unfit for human consumption.大多数酒都是不适合人类饮用的。(建议信) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①(2023·全国乙卷)It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain's consumers (consume) would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. ②Carolyn was consumed with/by guilt. ③I am very thankful that we can afford this food and that it is even here and available for us to__consume (consume)． ④一些能效最高的冰箱比传统型号少消耗70%的电。 Some of the most efficient refrigerators consume__70__percent__less__electricity than traditional models. 5 amuse vt. 使开心；逗笑(☞amused adj. 开心的 ☞amusing adj. 好笑的，有趣的 ☞amusement n. 娱乐) 【知识归纳】 (1)amuse sb by/with 用……使某人高兴 (2)be amused by/with/at 对……感到好笑 be amused to do sth 对做某事感到好笑 (3)in/with amusement 开心地 to one's amusement 使某人感到好笑的是 【语用点拨】 ①I've brought an article from yesterday's paper that I thought might amuse you.我带来了昨天报上的一篇文章，我觉得或许可以让你开怀一笑。(动作描写) ②He stopped and watched with amusement to see the child so absorbed.他停下来饶有兴趣地看这个孩子如此全神贯注的样子。(动作描写) ③I stumbled sideways before landing flat on my back, much to the amusement of the rest of the guys.我向侧面绊了一下，然后仰面摔倒了，这让其余人乐不可支。(动作描写) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①We are all amused at/by/with his wonderful remarks in the TV programme. ②To everyone's amusement, he turned up for work in a straw hat and jeans. ③I looked on in/with amusement as they started to argue. ④他的同学觉得他很有趣，但大部分时间都不理他。 His classmates found__him__amusing,__but they ignored him most of the time. 6 obtain vt. 获得，得到 【知识归纳】 obtain permission/result/money/advice 获得许可/结果/资金/建议 be obtained by 通过……获得 【语用点拨】 ①You can obtain knowledge through practice. 你可以从实践中获得知识。(建议信) ②If you want to obtain an ideal job, you need to continuously upgrade yourself. 如果你想获得理想的工作，你需要不断提升自己。(建议信) ③Satisfaction can be obtained by listening to music.通过听音乐可以获得满足感。(建议信) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①First editions of these books are now almost impossible to__obtain (obtain)． ②Sugar is__obtained (obtain) by crushing and processing sugar cane. ③获得真正独立的财务建议是很难的。 It's__hard__to__obtain truly independent financial advice. 7 demand vt. 要求　n. 要求；需求，需要(☞demanding adj. 费时费力的；苛刻的，难以满足的) 【知识归纳】 (1)demand to do sth 要求做某事 demand that ... (should) do sth 要求……做某事 (2)demand for 对……的需求 be in great demand 迫切需求 meet/satisfy one's demands 满足某人的需求 (3)a demanding job 要求高的工作 【语用点拨】 ①He said the task of reconstruction would demand much patience, hard work, and sacrifice.他说重建工作需要极大的耐心、勤劳和奉献。(电子邮件) ②Good teachers are always in great demand.对优秀教师的需求量一直很大。(演讲稿) ③Now, a new study suggests getting benefits from exercise doesn't have to be that demanding.现在，一项新的研究表明，从运动中获得益处并不需要那么苛刻。(调查报告) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①More wind power stations will spring up to meet the demand for clean energy. ②I demanded to__see (see) the manager, but the manager demanded that I (should)__solve (solve) the problem by myself. ③Like running, race walking is physically demanding (demand)． ④趁着还有，你应该买下这部自行车，因为它是紧俏商品。 You should buy this bicycle while there are some left, because__it__is__in__great__demand． 8 at sb's expense 嘲笑某人；由某人付费 【知识归纳】 (1)expense n. [U]费用，价钱　[C]花钱的东西，开销 at great/huge expense 花费大笔费用 cover/meet an expense 支付开支 (2)at the expense of sb/sth 在牺牲(或损害)……的情况下 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Her fame was brought at the expense of her marriage. ②I think he's having fun at our expense. ③我们刚花费了很多钱盖了一座新车库。 We've just had a new garage built at__great/huge__expense． 9 rely on 依赖；信赖 【知识归纳】 (1)rely on＝depend on＝count on 依赖；信赖 rely on sb/sth to do sth 依靠某人/某物做某事 rely on it that ... 指望…… (2)reliable adj. 可靠的 (3)reliably adv. 可靠地 (4)reliability n. 可靠性 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Don't rely on him to__do (do) anything—he's just a talker. ②He is the first person you can think of to__rely (rely) on, for he is always willing to help out whoever is in trouble. ③Eventually I hit on a reliable (rely) way to make Patty smile: mentioning her nine­year­old son, Stephen. ④In addition, relying__on__smartphones__to__make__friends (依赖智能手机交友) does not give us the same advantage as being able to make new friends in the real world. 10 “Neither/Nor＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋另一主语”结构 【知识归纳】 (1)“Neither/Nor＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋另一主语”用于表示前面提到的否定情况也适用于另一主语，意为“……也不”。 (2)“so＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋另一主语”结构为肯定形式，表示前面提到的肯定情况也适用于另一主语，意为“……也是如此”。 (3)“So it is with＋另一主语”表示上文所提到的两个或两个以上的情况也适用于另一个人或物。 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①If calories taken in are less than calories expended, weight shall be lost, and so it is with money. ②I enjoy Ann's company and so does Martin. ③我不怎么喜欢它。孩子们也同样不喜欢。 I didn't like it much. Nor__did__the__kids,__for that matter. 11 现在分词短语作状语 【知识归纳】 (1)状语类型：伴随、原因、条件、让步、时间、方式、结果。 (2)逻辑主语：句子的主语。 (3)时态：现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作(几乎)同时发生是一般时态；现在分词所表示的动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生是完成时。 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I have grown so lonesome, thinking (think) of you. ②Salter drove off, leaving (leave) Callendar surveying the scene. ③他叹了口气，转过身去，眺望着大海。 He sighed, turning__away__and__surveying__the__sea． ④买了三张票后，我邀请他们去看这部戏剧。 Having__bought__three__tickets I invited them to see the play. Ⅲ　语基过关检测 维度一　单句语法填空 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)As for Bailey, she is more confused (confuse) about why her act is considered a big deal. 2．(2023·全国乙卷)In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally (accident) or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. 3．(2024·湖南岳阳高三质量检测)More and more companies have used it in their products, such as AlphaGo, self­driving, facial (face) recognition, online assistants and so on. 4．Her questions about my private life embarrassed (embarrass) me. 5．(外研B2­U4)The movie explores the theme of responsibility in an intelligent and humorous (humour) way. 6．She was rewarded for her 40 years' faithful (faith) service with the company. 7．He closed his eyes and lay still, trying to purge his mind of anxiety (anxious)． 8．Emotional quotient (EQ), or emotional intelligence quotient, is a measurement (measure) of the ability to recognise one's own and other people's emotions. 9．(人教XB4­U4)My mother also does a circuit of the rural villages to provide medical treatment, help those with disabilities, and provide consultation (consult) and training for local doctors. 10．The young people run around kicking a ball, wearing (wear) themselves out. 维度二　语篇练习 根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 Charles Spencer Chaplin was born in London on 16 April, 1889. His father died when Chaplin was just 10 years old, and his mother then became sick. Suddenly, Charlie and his elder brother had to make a life ①on__their__own (独立自主地). He began working in stage shows and toured the US. The audiences loved him, and in 1913, he was offered a movie contract. In order to have greater control over his work, Chaplin wrote, directed, starred in and edited all his own films, ②producing__a__series__of__box__office__hits (制作了一系列票房大片). His most successful one is probably the silent film Modern Times in 1936. Aside from the physical comedy, the film ③shines__a__light__on (揭露) the exploitation of workers on production lines. Sometimes, he ④is__criticised (被批评) for being overly sentimental, but comic actors of today still think his films are ⑤influential (有影响力的) in their approach to acting. A raise of the eyebrow, a deadpan expression and a lift of the bowler hat—sometimes ⑥a__picture__says__a__thousand__words (一幅图胜过千言万语)． Ⅳ　读写用·素养提升 维度一　一词多义/熟词生义 (一)根据语境选出加黑词swing的含义 A．vt. (使)摆动；(使)转动　B．n. 秋千 C．vt. 挥动，挥舞　D．vi. 改变，变化 1．He walked briskly along swinging his rolled­up umbrella.________ 2．His mood swings between elation and despair. ________ 3．The kids were playing on the swings.________ 4．He swung his fist towards Ben's face.________ 答案：1.A　2.D　3.B　4.C (二)根据语境选出加黑词collapse的含义 A．vi. 倒塌，坍塌　B．vi. 突然失败；崩溃 C．vi. (突然)降价，贬值；暴跌　D．vi. 折叠 1．All opposition to the plan has collapsed. ________ 2．The chair collapsed under her weight. ________ 3．All chairs collapse for easy storage.________ 4．There were fears that property prices would collapse. ________ 答案：1.B　2.A　3.D　4.C 维度二　构词法 (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid. 合成词：前缀en­＝inside意为“内向，入”；单词加此前缀多意为“置放……之中”或放动词之前用于加强语气，使其成为某种状态；词根count表示计算；­er为名词后缀，意为人、事物，此后缀多意为“从事……的人，某地区或国家的人，做……动作的人”，encounter意为遇到。 维度三　长难句分析 (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)If you're lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it's unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild. 一划主干：there__might__be__a__pocket__park__but__it's__unusual__to__find__places。 二括修饰：if引导条件状语从句；where引导宾语从句；that引导定语从句。 三会意：如果你幸运的话，你住的地方附近可能会有一个袖珍公园，但在城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的。 维度四　写作提能 完成句子/词汇升级/一句多译 1．我认为这不是我的错，所以我写信给你是为了找到一个解决办法。(投诉信) I think it's not my fault, so I'm writing to you in__order__to__find__a__way__out． 2．彼得抬起头，吃惊地瞪圆了眼睛望着奶奶。(人物描写) Peter, lifting his head, stared__at__the__grandmother__with__round,__astonished__eyes． 3．I have been a nature lover since childhood, and I deeply understand that international efforts and cooperation are required to make our planet a better place. So I would love to be a volunteer in your organization. (申请信)That's__why 4．The farming work affected me. From then on, I learnt to treasure the food.(日记)had__a__great__influence__on 5．如果你想实现自己的梦想，你要依靠家长的帮助。(建议信) If you want to make your dream come true, you can rely__on your parents' help. ＝If you want to make your dream come true, you can depend__on your parents' help. ＝If you want to make your dream come true, you can count__on your parents' help. 课时作业 Ⅰ.阅读 A (2024·河南省南阳市高三月考)If you want to know something about British life, their spirit, and even their humor, watching some classic British films will certainly help. Here are some recommended to you. Notting Hill After the success of his film Four Weddings and a Funeral, writer and producer Richard Curtis captured the essence of being British in 1999's Notting Hill. Set against the background of affluent (富足的) West London, the film became popular for its charming and funny portrayal (刻画) of a British nobody trying to impress a Hollywood star. The Full Monty This 1997 film is a Sheffield­based comedy about six unemployed men who form a group to make money for a better life. Despite its humour, the film dives deeper into some serious issues surrounding working­class culture. The Full Monty is an uplifting film that gives an insight into the work and life of the working class in Britain. Trainspotting Danny Boyle's 1996 comedy­drama Trainspotting is about a group of Scots in the 1980s, based on the book by Irvine Welsh. With a cast of truly great actors including Ewan MeGregor, the tale impressed the audience globally. It rapidly became a critical success. Monty Python's Life of Brian Featuring a jam­packed cast of comedic stars, Monty Python's Life of Brian tells the story of a young man who is in a case of mistaken identity. The film reflects the unusual and wonderful British sense of humour. As a film guaranteed to entertain, Monty Python's Life of Brian is not to be missed by those looking for an insight into what makes the British laugh. 篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了4部有助于了解英国人的生活和精神，甚至他们的幽默的经典的英国电影。 1．What can the audience learn about by watching The Full Monty? A．Hardships of comedic stars. B．Daily life of people in West London. C．Unique experiences of some Scots. D．Life of the British working class. 答案：D　细节理解题。根据The Full Monty部分中的“The Full Monty is an uplifting film ... the working class in Britain.”可知，通过观看The Full Monty，观众能从中了解到英国工人阶级的工作和生活。故选D。 2．What kind of film does Monty Python's Life of Brian belong to? A．A comedy film. B．A science fiction film. C．An action movie. D．A horror movie. 答案：A　推理判断题。根据Monty Python's Life of Brian部分的内容可知，在这部电影中，喜剧明星云集且该电影反映了英国人独特而精彩的幽默感，所以属于喜剧电影。故选A。 3．Which of the following films is adapted from a book? A．Notting Hill. B．The Full Monty. C．Trainspotting. D．Monty Python's Life of Brian. 答案：C　细节理解题。根据Trainspotting部分中的“Danny Boyle's 1996 comedy­drama Trainspotting ... based on the book by Irvine Welsh.(Danny Boyle (丹尼·博伊尔)1996年的喜剧《猜火车》是根据Irvine Welsh (欧文·威尔士)的书改编的，讲述了20世纪80年代一群苏格兰人的故事。)”可知，Trainspotting这部电影是根据Irvine Welsh的书改编而来的。故选C。 B (2023·四川省成都外国语学校高三模拟预测)Maeve Higgins once set herself a task. The Irish­born comedian wanted to see what life would be like if she stopped laughing at things that weren't funny. Turns out it wasn't as easy as she thought. “It was so hard，” she says. “Laughter is a lubricant (润滑油) and is expected, and it's really hard not to do it.” Higgins suggests there's something particularly special about being part of the shared experience that is live comedy—that curious magic that occurs when people come together specifically to laugh. Comedy is more than just a pleasant way to pass an evening, humour more than something to amuse. They're interwoven into our everyday existence. Whether you're sharing an amusing story at a party or telling a dark joke at a funeral, humour is everywhere. But what is it for? And can humour, as comedy, change how we feel, what we think or even what we do? As an essential part of human interaction, humour has been on the minds of thinkers for centuries. One of the most enduring theories of humour was put forward by the philosopher Thomas Hobbes. It asserts that humour appears to make fun of the weak and exert__superiority. While this is clearly the function of some comedy, it's far from a complete explanation for the overall purpose of humour. For some comedians, it's not just about getting laughs—it's about changing what we think and maybe even what we do. If there's one comic who is really typical of this, it's Josie Long. A social justice activist and a comedian, Long has a reputation for delightful, optimistic humour and storytelling. As her career has evolved, she has consciously put social and political topics at the heart of her act. She believes that comedians have a role to play in challenging some of the most pressing issues of the day. British comic Stephen K Amos sells out venues seating thousands, year in, year out. Amos firmly believes that when comics consciously deal with pressing or controversial (有争议的) social issues like racism, they can reach people on a much more meaningful level than that achieved by briefly lifting someone's mood. And while it may be difficult to quantify, he says, the social and psychological impact of comedy deserves much greater recognition. The research backs this up. Although the role of comedy is to be entertaining first and foremost, Sharon Lockyer, a sociologist who studies humour, has identified a number of possible other functions. These include challenging stereotypes (刻板印象)． Amos's work frequently settles the issues of race by challenging stereotypes. “I don't do things for shock value，” he says. “I do stuff that matters to me. In the old days it was just about doing jokes. We've moved on—people are talking about things that matter.” 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章通过Higgins (希金斯)对喜剧具有的吸引力的理解引出喜剧的作用，包括让人开怀大笑、影响人们的想法和促进社会的进步。 4．What do the first two paragraphs mainly talk about? A．The benefits of laughing. B．What a comedian's daily work is about. C．Why Maeve Higgins chose to be a comedian. D．Maeve Higgins' understanding of the appeal of comedy. 答案：D　段落大意题。根据第一段中的“Maeve Higgins once set herself ... that weren't funny.”及第二段“Higgins suggests there's something particularly special ... specifically to laugh.”可知，前两段主要讲述Maeve Higgins是如何看待喜剧的魅力和吸引力的，即Higgins对喜剧具有的吸引力的理解。故选D。 5．What does the underlined phrase in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Protect the weak from the evil. B．Encourage people to be stronger. C．Be determined to improve oneself. D．Show you are better than other people. 答案：D　词义猜测题。根据画线短语前文“humour appears to make fun of the weak (幽默的作用似乎是为了取笑弱者)”并结合选项可知，画线短语是幽默的另一个作用，它应该与“取笑弱者”的感情色彩类似。由此可知，画线短语意为“表明你比其他人更优秀”。故选D。 6．According to the article, how does comedy have an effect on social issues? A．By gradually influencing people's attitudes. B．By urging politicians to try and solve the issues. C．By quickly yet thoroughly changing people's thinking. D．By calling on the whole society to pay attention to the issues. 答案：A　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“Amos firmly believes that ... deserves much greater recognition.(Amos (阿莫斯)坚信当喜剧演员有意识地处理诸如种族主义之类的紧迫性或有争议的社会问题时，喜剧演员所能带给人们的意义要比短暂提升某人的情绪有意义得多。他说，尽管这可能难以量化，但喜剧对社会和心理的影响值得更多的认可。)”可推知，喜剧通过逐渐影响人们对某些问题的态度从而对社会问题产生影响。故选A。 7．According to the article, comedy includes the following roles except ________． A．getting people to laugh B．promoting social progress C．influencing people's ideas D．making people more productive 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“For some comedians ... maybe even what we do.”及倒数第四段“As her career has evolved ... the most pressing issues of the day.”可知，喜剧的作用包括：让人开怀大笑、影响人们的想法和促进社会的进步，而文中并未提到D项(使人们更有工作效率)。故选D。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2023·云南省师范大学附属中学高考适应性考试)Ritch Addison was a shy kid. In elementary school, he was too timid to speak up for himself. When he got to high school, he decided to make a(n) __1__ and began to develop a sharp sense of humor to prevent the other kids __2__ him. “I believe laughter is the best medicine, for it has the power to heal and unite，” Addison said. “So I was __3__ up my shyness by joking and making fun of others.” His new approach __4__. Being humorous, he made more friends and gained __5__. “When I got a hundred on the test while someone didn't，” Addison said, “I would kid him __6__ about it.” Then one day, his good friend Holly pulled him __7__ and said, “You know, Ritch, sometimes you really hurt people's feelings.” What a(n) __8__！ He had always viewed himself as someone who made his friends laugh, but never __9__ to hurt anyone. Reflecting on his __10__ behaviors, he began to realize Holly was right. “I started keeping an eye on my words, trying to be entertaining, but not __11__，” he said. 　　It didn't happen overnight. But over the years, Addison were better felt for others and became a clinical psychologist, helping people __12__ more inclusive interpretations about themselves and others. Looking back, he says he __13__ much of his change of attitude to Holly. “She cared enough to say something to me, something that probably wasn't __14__ to say. But it was something that changed the __15__ of my life in a very significant way.” 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Ritch Addison (里奇·艾迪生)在高中时喜欢用嘲笑的方式表达幽默，在朋友Holly (霍莉)的提醒下，他改正了自己的幽默方式，从而成功地改变了人生的故事。 1．A.effort B．wish C．fortune D．shift 答案：D　effort 努力；wish 愿望；fortune 好运；shift 转变。根据前文“Ritch Addison was a shy kid.”及后文“began to develop a sharp sense of humor”可知，Ritch想由原来的害羞转变为培养敏锐的幽默感。故选D。 2．A.picking on B．blaming on C．counting on D．agreeing on 答案：A　pick on 欺负；blame on 指责；count on 依靠；agree on 同意。根据前文“In elementary school, he was too timid to speak up for himself.”可知，他太胆小不敢为自己说话，说明他培养敏锐的幽默感是为了防止别的孩子欺负他。故选A。 3．A.showing B．covering C．making D．adding 答案：B　show 展示；cover 掩饰；make 制造；add 添加。根据前文“‘I believe laughter is the best medicine, for it has the power to heal and unite，’ Addison said.”可知，Addison认为笑是最好的良药，因为它有治愈和团结的力量，由此可推知，他想用开玩笑的方式掩盖自己的害羞。故选B。 4．A.mattered B．failed C．worked D．settled 答案：C　matter 有关系；fail 失败；work 起作用；settle 解决。根据后文“Being humorous, he made more friends”可知，Addison交到了更多的朋友，说明他的新方法起作用了。故选C。 5．A.profit B．assistance C．compliment D．confidence 答案：D　profit 利益；assistance 帮助；compliment 称赞；confidence 信心。根据前文“he made more friends”可知，他交到了更多的朋友，由此可推知，他对自己更有信心了。故选D。 6．A.generously B．ungratefully C．unmercifully D．kindly 答案：C　generously 慷慨地；ungratefully 忘恩负义地；unmercifully 无情地；kindly 善良地。根据后文“You know, Ritch, sometimes you really hurt people's feelings.”可知，Holly认为Ritch的做法会伤害到别人的感情，说明他会无情地嘲笑别人。故选C。 7．A.aside B．through C．over D．apart 答案：A　句意：然后有一天，他的好朋友霍莉把他拉到一边说：“里奇，你知道，有时你真的伤害了人们的感情。”pull sb aside为固定短语，意为“把某人拉到一边”。故选A。 8．A.disappointment B．amazement C．contentment D．excitement 答案：B　disappointment 失望；amazement 惊讶；contentment 满足；excitement 兴奋。根据后文“He had always viewed himself as someone who made his friends laugh”可知，Ritch以前一直以为自己是一个让朋友开怀大笑的人，当听到朋友认为他伤害别人感情时，他应是惊讶的。故选B。 9．A.determined B．meant C．longed D．afforded 答案：B　determine 决定；mean 打算；long 渴望；afford 支付得起。根据前文“He had always viewed himself as someone who made his friends laugh”可知，他以前一直以为自己是一个让朋友们开怀大笑的人，由此可推知，他并没有打算伤害任何人。故选B。 10．A.formal B．bold C．previous D．mysterious 答案：C　句意：回想自己以前的行为，他开始意识到霍莉是对的。formal 正式的；bold 大胆的；previous 以前的；mysterious 神秘的。故选C。 11．A.teasing B．pleasing C．boasting D．joking 答案：A　tease 取笑；please 使高兴；boast 自夸；joke 开玩笑。根据前文“‘When I got a hundred on the test while someone didn't，’ Addison said, ‘I would kid him __6__ about it.’”可知，Ritch对于没考100分的同学开的玩笑很无情，说明他在取笑别人。故选A。 12．A.acquire B．deliver C．doubt D．comprehend 答案：A　acquire 获得；deliver 发送；doubt 怀疑；comprehend 理解。根据前文“Addison were better felt for others and became a clinical psychologist”可知，Addison能更好地为他人着想，成了一名临床心理学家，说明他有能力帮助人们获得对自己和对他人更具包容性的理解。故选A。 13．A.introduces B．devotes C．leaves D．owes 答案：D　introduce 介绍；devote 奉献；leave 离开；owe 归功于。根据后文“But it was something that changed the __15__ of my life in a very significant way.”可知，Addison认为Holly的话改变了他的生活，所以他将自己态度的转变归功于Holly。故选D。 14．A.awkward B．difficult C．polite D．easy 答案：D　awkward 尴尬的；difficult 困难的；polite 有礼貌的；easy 容易的。根据前文“You know, Ritch, sometimes you really hurt people's feelings.”可知，Holly在给Addison提建议，根据常识可知，提建议这件事是一件不容易做到的事情。故选D。 15．A.faith B．direction C．content D．value 答案：B　faith 忠诚；direction 方向；content 内容；value 价值。根据前文“Addison were better felt for others and became a clinical psychologist”可知，Addison更好地为他人着想，成了一名临床心理学家，说明Holly的话改变了他原本伤人的幽默，从而也改变了他的人生方向。故选B。 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$