选择性必修第一册 UNIT 3 CONSERVATION-【金版教程】2025年高考英语一轮复习解决方案全书word（新教材，北师大版）

金版教程　高考科学复习解决方案　英语[S] 一　词汇过关测＋练 1．conservation　con­ 共同，serv(e)服务，ation名词后缀，表示行动→共同服务的行动；引申为保护 2．informative　in­ 内，里面，form 形成，­ative 形容词后缀→内心形成的；引申为有教育意义的，知识性强的 3．illegally　il­ 不，非，legal 合法的，­ly 副词后缀→不合法地；引申为非法地，违法地 4．species　speci 外观；种类＋­es多个→很多种类；引申为物种，种 5．destruction　de­ 否定，非；相反＋struct 结构＋­ion 名词后缀→没有结构；引申为破坏，毁坏 1．packet n. 小包，小盒 2．destroy vt. 破坏；毁掉 3．organic adj. 不使用化肥的，有机的，绿色的 4．threat n. 威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能 5．switch vi.& vt. 转换，改变 6．stuck adj. 卡住的，无法移动的 7．refillable adj. 可再填充的 8．hunt vi.& vt. 猎取，猎杀 9．unusual adj. 异常的；不平常的 10．mass adj. 大量的 11．decrease n. 减少；减少的量　vi.& vt. 减少 12．swallow vi.& vt. 吞下，咽下 13．blame vt. 责怪，指责 14．affect vt. 影响 15．solar adj. 太阳光(能)的 16．restore vt. (使)恢复 17．consumer n. 消费者 18．chopsticks n. 筷子 19．opponent n. 反对者；对手，敌手 20．wrap vt. 包，裹 21．carve v. 雕，刻 22．innovative adj. 新颖的，创新的，革新的 23．aware adj. 意识到的，明白的 24．involve vt. 包含，需要 25．scenic adj. 景色优美的 26．relate vi. 相联系，有关联 27．reusable adj. 可再使用的，可重复使用的 28．anger n. 愤怒；怒气 29．decade n. 十年，十年期 30．anxious adj. 焦虑的，不安的 31．suit vt. 适合　n. 套装 32．cruel adj. 残忍的 33．instance n. 例子，实例 34．claim vt. 声称；断言；主张　n. 声称；(根据权利而提出的)要求 35．sum vt. 概括，总结　n. 金额，款项；总数 36．historic adj. 古老的；历史上重要的 37．plastic adj. 塑料制的 38．agricultural adj. 农业的 39．council n. 委员会；理事会 40．incredibly adv. 非常地，极端地 1．(2024·安徽省亳州市普通高中高三期末检测)Positive feelings tend to decrease (减少) from childhood to late adulthood. 2．(2023·北京高考)One of them is about how the most accessible information in the present affects (影响) decisions about the future. 3．(2023·全国乙卷)Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited (适合) to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. 4．(2024·山东省高三大联考)In one recent example, a self­driving car got stuck (卡住的) in wet concrete because it didn't know that wet concrete was different from a road. 5．(译林XB1­U2)In the last three decades (十年) of his life he painted mostly scenes from his garden. 6．(2024·广东湛江高三质量检测)Global action and global voices to help relieve climate change—because the biggest threat (威胁) to Antarctica is coming from outside of it. 7．(2024·湖南岳阳高三质量检测)Without thinking twice, Andy wrapped (裹) his mother's scarf around the baby. 8．(外研XB1­U5)The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed (责怪) on humans. 9．(2024·辽宁省大连市高三期中考试)His son is also involved (包含) in the Asian Games, providing security services. 10．(人教B2­U2)This mass (大量的) extinction is caused by hunting, habitat destruction, and pollution. 1．waste n. 浪费，滥用；废物　v. 浪费，滥用；未能充分利用　adj. (通常指城市中的某地)荒芜的，荒废的；(材料、物质等)废弃的，无用的→wasteful adj. 浪费的；挥霍的 2．recycle vi.& vt. 再利用，回收利用→recyclable adj. 可回收的→unrecyclable adj. 不可回收的 3．transport v. (用交通工具)运输，运送　n. 运输，运送；交通工具→transportation n. 交通运输系统，运输方式 4．chemical n. 化学品　adj. 化学的→chemistry n. 化学；化学成分，化学反应 5．endanger v. 使处于险境，危及→endangered adj. 濒危的 6．memory n. 记忆力，记性；记忆，回忆→memorial n. 纪念馆；纪念碑　adj. (对逝者)纪念的，追悼的 7．threat n. 威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能→threaten vt. 威胁→threatening adj. 可怕的→threatened adj. 害怕的 8．package n. 包裹　v. 把……打包，把……装箱(以便出售)→packaging n. 包装盒(瓶、袋)，包装材料 9．urgent adj. 紧急的，急迫的→urgently adv. 紧急地，急迫地→urgency n. 紧急，急迫→urge vt. 催促；敦促；力劝 10．mine n. 矿，矿井　v. 采(煤等)矿物→mining n. 采矿业 11．vary vi. 变化；有不同；呈差异→varied/various adj. 各种各样的，形形色色的→variety n. 多样化→variation n. 变化，变动 12．real adj. 真实的→really adv. 真实地→reality n. 现实→realistic adj. 现实的，实际的 13．conserve v. 保护，保存；节省，节约→conservation n. 保护 14．collect vt. 收集→collection n. 收集；收藏品；专辑→collector n. 收藏家 15．information n. 信息→informative adj. 有教育意义的；知识性强的 16．dirt n. 灰尘，尘土→dirty adj. 满是灰尘的 17．destruct v. 破坏；(故意的)毁坏　n. (故意的)毁坏→destruction n. 破坏，毁坏 18．annoy vt. 使烦恼→annoyed adj. 烦恼的，生气的→annoying adj. 令人烦恼的→annoyance n. 恼怒；烦恼 19．extinct adj. 灭绝的，绝种的→extinction n. 灭绝 20．regular adj. 定期的，有规律的→regularly adv. 定期地，有规律地→regulation n. 规律；规则 1．Some items are recyclable while others are unrecyclable. We should recycle those reusable items.(recycle) 2．Her parents carried out their threat to take away her mobile phone if her grades didn't improve. Hearing the threatening news, she was threatened．(threat) 3．When a fire broke out, help was urgently needed. The most urgent thing was to make sure everyone was out of the building. So the firefighters urged that people should leave the building as soon as possible. (urge) 4．In real life, if we double our efforts, we can turn our dream into reality,__which is really true. It is realistic to work hard to make our dream come true. (real) 5．In the past decades, as a collector she has collected many fine paintings. Her collection cost her a lot. (collect) 6．Usually, it was annoying to have such rainy weather, which made people annoyed. However, he said he had no annoyance at all. He enjoyed walking in the rain. (annoy) 7．I suggest that we take regular exercise and have a physical examination regularly. (regular) 8．The district is under consideration for designation as a conservation area. So, it is high time to conserve energy and other valuable natural resources in the future. (conserve) 9．The list of endangered species includes nearly 600 fishes. The development of the area would endanger wildlife. (endanger) 10．Tastes and preferences vary from individual to individual. Tents come in various/varied shapes and sizes, which you can free to choose.(vary) 1 item [熟义]　n. 一项，一条 [生义]　n. (电视、广播或报纸上的)一条(新闻)；一件商品(或物品) ①There's an interesting item on the back page. 最后一版上有一条有趣的新闻。 ②Buyers from stores are given the opportunity to go through fashion collections item by item and place orders. 从商店来的买主有机会逐件浏览时装系列上的商品并下订单。 2 wipe [熟义]　vt. 擦，拭 [生义]　vt. 抹去(旧事) I tried to wipe the whole episode from my mind. 我设法把这整个经历从心中抹去。 3 jam [熟义]　n. 拥挤，堵塞；果酱 [生义]　n. 困境，窘境　v. (使)卡住 ①I'm in a jam—could you lend me some money till next week? 我手头有点儿紧——你能借我点钱到下周再还吗？ ②The door jammed behind me and I couldn't get out. 我进来后，门随即卡住了，我出不去了。 4 gas [熟义]　n. 气，气体 [生义]　v. 用毒气杀死；闲聊 ①Hundreds of thousands of soldiers were gassed in the First World War. 在第一次世界大战中，数以十万计的士兵死于毒气。 ②Susan came round and we sat gassing for hours. 苏珊过来串门，我们坐着闲聊了好几个小时。 小积累 1.“与……有关”家族 ①be related to 与……有关 ②be connected with 与……有关联 ③be linked to 与……连接 ④have sth to do with 与……有关，涉及到…… ⑤be associated with 与……有联系 2.“开始做某事”聚焦 ①set out to do sth ②set about doing sth ③take up sth ④begin doing/to do sth ⑤start doing/to do sth ⑥get down to sth 3.举例的表达法 ①for instance 例如 ②for example 例如 ③such as 诸如；比如 ④take ... for example 以……为例 ⑤say 譬如说 二　语块过关测＋练 1．do__one's__part 尽自己的职责 2．do__away__with 废除；结束；去掉 3．have__a__role 起某种作用；扮演角色 4．die__out 消失；绝迹，灭绝 5．wipe__out 彻底毁灭 6．stressed__out 紧张的，担心的，焦虑的 7．due__to 由于，因为 8．be__to__blame (对某事)负有责任 9．be__at__risk 处境危险，受到威胁 10．end__up__doing/with 以……而告终；最终做某事 1．(2024·浙江高考1月)He noted that his online students usually end__up__with lower grades. 2．(2024·广东七校高三联考)Her responsibilities are complex and she says she has__a__role to play in this system. 3．(人教XB3­U2)The reporter asked, “Will polar bears die__out because of climate change？” 4．(2024·广东六校高三联考)Space travel is still at its early stage, and we're excited to do__our__part to push it forward to help improve life on Earth. 5．(2023·全国甲卷)Both efforts were overturned due__to lawsuits from conservation groups. 三　句式迁移练 1．“the reason/reasons＋why”结构 【迁移创新】The__reason__why I stick to writing till today is my passion for the Chinese language. 我坚持写作到今天的原因是我对汉语的热情。 2．where引导定语从句 【迁移创新】In your letter, you mentioned the photo you saw in the book, where__we__students__are__doing “exercise between classes”． 在你的信中，提到了你在书中看到的照片，我们学生正在做“课间操”。 3．“in the last＋一段时间”结构 【迁移创新】The musician along with his band members has__given__ten__performances__in__the__last__three__months． 这位音乐家和他的乐队成员在过去的三个月里已经举行了10场表演。 4．as引导原因状语从句 【迁移创新】As__you__were__out,__I left a message. 你不在，所以我留了一张字条儿。 Ⅰ　忆课文·语篇理解 Extinctions, where entire species are wiped out, are not __1__ (usual) in our Earth's history. In the last 500 million years, there __2__ (be) five times when life on Earth has almost ended, including the third mass extinction, __3__ killed 90% to 96% of all species. Extinctions are related to volcanic eruptions, asteroids __4__ (hit) the Earth from space, changes in sea levels, the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming. This time, human beings are __5__ risk of dying out, and human activity will be __6__ (blame)． Experts say that if we take action now, the sixth extinction can __7__ (avoid). For example, we need to take steps to save __8__ (endanger) species. We need to change how we work and travel by using __9__ (clean), more natural sources of energy, such as wind and solar energy. In short, __10__ we want to survive, we need to stop destroying the planet that we live on and start to protect it. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 答案：1.unusual　2.have been　3.which　4.hitting　5.at　6.to blame　7.be avoided　8.endangered　9.cleaner　10.if Driving cars has made people angry and stressed out __1__ caused the real costs socially. Take Britain for example. In the last 20 years, the number of cars on the roads __2__ (go) up by 25%. Over the last decade, an average of 2，500 people have died every year in vehicle accidents. Traffic is one of the major __3__ (cause) of global warming and climate change. Almost 30，000 deaths per year are caused by air pollution. Some types of cancer __4__ (relate)to traffic pollution. A friend working for __5__ green­living organization gave some advice about how __6__ (give) up driving. Firstly, use your legs. Regular exercise can cut the risk of heart disease __7__ 50%! Secondly, use public transport. Thirdly, think before __8__ (go). Before you get into your car, think about __9__ you really need to make that journey. Fourthly, share cars. It is much cheaper and __10__ (kind) to the environment. Lastly, take action! Don't just sit around and complain! 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 答案：1.and　2.has gone　3.causes　4.are related　5.a　6.to give　7.by　8.going　9.whether　10.kinder Ⅱ　学思悟·重点突破 1 switch vi.& vt. 转换，改变　n. 开关；转变，转换 【知识归纳】 (1)switch (from A) to B (由A)转变成B switch off/on 关/开(电灯、机器等) switch off 不再关注，不再理睬 switch over换台，换频道 (2)a light switch 电灯开关 a policy switch 政策的转变 【语用点拨】 ①We had to make a switch in our plan. 我们不得不改变我们的计划。(道歉信) ②She started studying English at college, but switched to Law in her second year.她刚上大学时学的是英语，但大二时她改学法律了。(人物描写) 【名师点津】表示“开、关”的英语词汇比较： ①the door/window ②turn on/off the light/radio ③switch on/off the electric machine 注意：开关门窗用open/close；旋转开关的电器用turn on/off；闸刀开关的电器用switch on/off。 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He pulls out a special device, points it at the suspect, and switches (switch) it on. ②For some reason, when certain shows switched (switch) into a commercial, a loud noise would sound for a few seconds. ③She worked as a librarian before switching (switch) to journalism. ④晚饭后，我们经常打开电视看新闻，然后转到足球比赛。10点钟我们关掉电视上床睡觉。 After dinner, we often switch__on the TV to watch the news, and then switch__to__football__games. At 10 o'clock we switch__off the TV and go to bed. 2 hunt vi.& vt. 猎取，猎杀(☞hunter n. 猎手；猎人 ☞hunting n. 打猎，狩猎) 【知识归纳】 (1)hunt for 寻找 hunt for a job 找工作 be hunted for ... 被猎杀以获取…… (2)go hunting 去打猎 【语用点拨】 ①The first step is education—we need to make everyone know hunting these animals is illegal. 第一步是教育——我们需要让每个人都知道猎杀这些动物是非法的。(演讲稿) ②Some new arrivals lose hope even before they start hunting for a job. 有些新来的人甚至还没开始找工作就失去希望了。(调查报告) ③Many animals are illegally hunted for something they have. 许多动物因为它们拥有的东西而被非法猎杀。(演讲稿) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①(2023·全国甲卷)By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting (hunt) by settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. ②Animals in the cat family are hunters (hunt)． ③杰克和查理喜欢在周末去打猎。 Jack and Charlie like to go__hunting at weekends. ④Elephants used to__be__hunted__for (被猎杀) the ivory from their tusks. 3 decrease n. 减少；减少的量　vi.& vt. 减少 【知识归纳】 (1)a decrease in ... 在……方面减少 on the decrease 在减少 (2)decrease by ... 减少了……(表示减少的量) decrease (from ...) to ... (从……)减少到……(表示减少后的量) decrease in ... 在……方面减少 【语用点拨】 ①Tea is still a large part of daily life in the UK today, but it seems to be on the decrease.当今， 茶仍在英国人的日常生活中占很大比例， 但好像在日益减少。(调查报告) ②We have decreased our involvement in children's books.我们减少了在儿童读物方面的投入。(活动介绍) ③I haven't noticed much decrease in interest.我并未注意到兴趣有太大下降。(调查报告) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①People planted trees on the waste hills to__decrease (decrease) soil erosion. ②The crime rate in this area has decreased to the lowest level nowadays. ③The accidents have decreased by 20% since the measures were taken. ④Worse still, hanging out with friends is on the decrease, so that means there is less socializing. ⑤消极的自言自语会损害自信，降低自尊。 Negative self­talk damages self­confidence and decreases__self­respect． 4 blame vt. 责怪，指责　n. 指责，责备 【知识归纳】 (1)blame ... for (doing) sth 因(做)某事责备…… blame sth on sb/sth 把某事归咎于某人/某事 be to blame for (doing) sth 因(做)某事应受责备；对(做)某事负有责任(不定式用主动形式表示被动意义) (2)take/bear the blame for sth 承担某事的责任 lay/put the blame (for sth) on ... 把(某事的)责任归咎于…… 【语用点拨】 ①I don't blame him for getting angry—she's being really annoying.我没有因为他生气责备他——她实在太烦人了。(情节描写) ②As for this irrecoverable loss, I am to blame.这种不可弥补的损失，应由我负责。(道歉信) ③I should take the blame for the matter.这件事上，我应该承担责任。(道歉信) 【名师点津 】①to blame作表语或定语时要用主动形式表示被动意义。 ②通过非谓语动词结构对blame进行考查。 ③blame后的介词既可以用on又可以用for, on表示责怪的对象， for表示责怪的原因。 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①(2023·北京高考)These biased perspectives cannot be__blamed (blame) on one single cause. ②(2024·九省联考)When Katherine, the trainer, saw this, she blamed Hilda for her carelessness. ③他们把生意的失败归咎于经济衰退。 They blamed__the__failure__of__the__business__on the economic downturn. 5 involve vt. 包含，需要(☞involvement n. 参与；沉迷) 【知识归纳】 (1)involve sb in (doing) sth 使某人参与(做)某事；使某人牵涉到(做)某事中 involve doing sth 包括做某事；需要做某事 (2)get/be involved in 被卷入……之中；热衷于 get/be involved with ... 与……有牵连；和……有密切联系 【语用点拨】 ①It really benefited me a lot to preview lessons, actively involve myself in class and review what had been taught after class.预习功课、积极参与课堂活动、课后复习老师所教的东西确实使我受益匪浅。(建议信) ②My plan also involves doing fun sports for everyone. 我的计划还包括每个人都可以做有趣的运动。(活动介绍) ③Only then did I realize that it was by getting involved in the competition that I gained more self­confidence and enjoyed the pleasure of teamwork.只有在那时我才认识到通过参与比赛，我获得了更多自信，享受到合作的乐趣。(活动感受) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①(2023·北京高考)While a routine involves (involve) repeated behaviour, it's not necessarily performed in response to a deep­rooted urge, as a habit is. ②Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involves spending (spend) quite a lot of time with students. ③A big surprise was that Asian－American parents whose kids are doing so well in school hardly involved (involve)． ④学生应该参与社区活动，他们能从活动中获取成长的经验。 Students should involve__themselves__in__community__activities where they can gain experience for growth. 6 claim vt. 声称；断言；主张；认领　n. 声称；(根据权利而提出的)要求 【知识归纳】 (1)claim sth back 索回/要回某物 claim on ... 要求……；索取…… claim to do/be ... 声称做/是…… claim to have done sth 声称做过某事 claim (that) ... 声称…… It is/was claimed that ... 据说；有人主张…… (2)have a claim on ... 有对……的要求权 make a claim for ... 对……提出要求/索赔 【语用点拨】 ①Some people claim that surfing the Internet is a waste of time. 有些人声称上网就是浪费时间。(征文) ②After claiming my luggage, I hurried to the exit, where my friends were waiting for me.认领行李之后，我匆匆走向出口，我的朋友们已经在那里等我了。(日记) ③The number of people claiming unemployment benefits has risen sharply this month.这个月要求领取失业救济金的人数激增。(调查报告) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子/翻译 ①An interesting study published this week claims to__find (find) a link between the daytime nap and good health. ②He claimed (claim) the plague would never happen again. ③There are already many devices on the market claiming (claim) to have the ability to monitor and aid sleep. ④The police have said that if no__one__claims (没人认领) the watch, you can keep it. ⑤他声称他未得到公正的申述机会。 He__claims__(that)__he__was__not__given__a__fair__hearing. 7 die out 消失；绝迹，灭绝 【知识归纳】 die off 相继死去 die from 死于(外因) die of 死于(内因) be dying for sth 渴望某物；极想要某物 be dying to do sth 渴望做某事 die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐平息 die away 逐渐减弱；逐渐消失 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The Neanderthals had lived alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40, 000 years ago. ②The strong wind will die down soon and we can go out to have a baseball match as planned. ③Now I'm thirsty and dying for a glass of water. ④随着越来越多的鸟类相继死去，总有一天一些物种将会灭绝。此外，其中有一些是死于环境污染。 With more and more birds dying__off,__ someday some species will__die__out. In addition, some of them have__died__from environmental pollution. 8 set out 开始做某事，着手进行 【知识归纳】 be set in ... 以……为背景 set about (doing sth) 开始(做某事)；着手(做某事) set aside 留出(时间、钱等)；把……置于一旁 set down 写下；记下 set off 出发；引起；触响(警报等)；使(炸弹等)爆炸 set up 建立；创立；安排；竖起 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①They set out to discover a cure for cancer. ②She sets aside some time each day to write, even if it is only five minutes. ③I set about researching (research) the habits of snakes so I could trap them in the easiest way. ④一大早我们就出发了，在路上我们感到非常兴奋和高兴。 Setting__out/off__early in the morning, we felt really excited and happy on the way. 9 “in the last＋一段时间”结构 【知识归纳】 (1)此结构常与现在完成时连用。 (2)其他常与现在完成时连用的结构： ①ever since自从；自……以后，ever since可作介词、连词或副词。可单独使用，也可接名词、短语或从句，其中从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。 ②It/This/That is the first/second ... time (that) ... 这/那是第一/二次……，从句应用现在完成时。 ③现在完成时的标志性时间状语和副词：just(刚刚)，already(已经)，never(从来没有)，ever(曾经)，before(以前)，yet(已经)，once(一次)，twice(两次)，many times(很多次)，how many times(多少次)，so far(迄今为止)，up to now(直到现在)等。 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Working conditions have__changed (change) measurably in the last ten years. ②My father has__donated (donate) blood many times since we moved here. ③他们在20世纪60年代曾一起工作，自那时起就一直保持着联系。 They worked together in the 1960s, and__have__kept__in__contact__ever__since． ④这是你第一次乘飞机吗？ Is__this__the__first__time that you've flown? 10 as 引导原因状语从句 【知识归纳】 as引导从句的状况： (1)引导原因状语从句：因为，由于。 (2)引导时间状语从句：随着，当……时。 (3)引导让步状语从句(需要将as后的表语、状语或谓语提前，构成倒装句)：虽然，尽管。 (4)引导方式状语从句：按照……的方式。 (5)引导定语从句：正如，如同。 【语境运用】写出下列句中as引导的从句 ①As they waited, Kravis paced the room nervously. 时间状语从句 ②He is not half such a fool as they think. 定语从句 ③She may need some help as she is new. 原因状语从句 ④Happy as they were, there was something missing. 让步状语从句 ⑤They did as I had asked. 方式状语从句 Ⅲ　语基过关检测 维度一　单句语法填空 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Each chapter concludes with a collection (collect) of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. 2．(2023·浙江高考1月)Thanks to Beijing's long history as capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic (history) events. 3．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They could not afford to pay for transportation (transport) for their dog, Tiffy, and desperately wanted to take her with them. 4．Renewable energy will become progressively more important as time goes on. 5．It is essential that your diet is varied/various (vary) and balanced. 6．(2024·四川成都高三适应性模拟)Where they once witnessed anger (angry) and hatred, they now noted a gentleness and love. 7．Some people believed that clone technology is an efficient way of protecting endangered (endanger) species. 8．(2024·广东四校高三联考)They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural (agriculture) economy. 9．(2024·广东广州高三质量检测)In no time, he got annoyed (annoy) and stormed into our room, questioning us in glare who it was that made such a mess of his flowers. 10．I felt incredibly (incredible) ashamed of myself for getting so angry. 维度二　语篇练习 根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 ①Up__to (截止到) 2019, there are 55 world heritage sites in China. Here are three of them. The Temple and Mansion of Confucius This site is located in Qufu, Shandong Province, and ②is__a__memorial__to (纪念) Confucius. The site is huge. On the ground, there are ③more__than (超过) 900 halls and rooms. The Old Town of Lijiang This site is a few hours bus－ride away from the ancient city of Dali in Yunnan Province. ④Surrounded__by (被……围绕) fields, mountains and rivers, the Old Town of Lijiang looks like a jade ink stone in spring and summer. Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area This area, north of Sichuan Province, ⑤is__a__unique__natural__wonder (是独一无二的自然景观). Every year, visitors from all over the world come to admire the mountains, lakes, streams, trees, underground springs and waterfalls, which make Jiuzhaigou Valley an area of outstanding natural beauty. The valley ⑥is__also__home__to (也是……的栖息地) many protected species of plants and endangered animals. Ⅳ　读写用·素养提升 维度一　一词多义/熟词生义 (一)根据语境选出加黑词jam的含义 A．n. 拥挤，堵塞　B．n. 果酱　C．n. 困境，窘境 D．vi. (使)卡住 1．Strawberries are used for making pies and jam. ________ 2．We were stuck in a jam for two hours. ________ 3．The second time he fired his gun jammed. ________ 4．How are we going to get ourselves out of this jam？________ 答案：1.B　2.A　3.D　4.C (二)根据语境选出加黑词gas的含义 A．n. 气，气体　B．n. 煤气；天然气　C．vt. 用毒气杀死　D．vi. 闲聊 1．By gassing with classmates, the boy hope to kill the boring time. ________ 2．Her husband ran a pipe from her car exhaust to the bedroom in an attempt to gas her. ________ 3．Air is a mixture of gases.________ 4．Do you prefer cooking with electricity or gas？________ 答案：1.D　2.C　3.A　4.B 维度二　构词法 (2023·全国甲卷)In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act. 合成词：前缀en＝inside意为进入，使……。单词加此前缀多含有“放置……之中”或放在动词之前来加强语气，使成为某种状态；danger意为危险；­ed为形容词后缀。endangered意为濒危的。 维度三　长难句分析 (译林B3­U3)No matter where we are, we are able to keep in contact with loved ones, find long­lost friends and discover whole new communities who share our hobbies. 一划主干：we__are__able__to__keep__in__contact__...__find__...__and__discover__whole__new__communities。 二括修饰：No matter where引导让步状语从句；who引导定语从句。 三会意：无论我们身在何处，我们都能与所爱的人保持联系，找到失散已久的朋友，发现与我们有共同爱好的全新社区。 维度四　写作提能 完成句子/词汇升级/一句多译 1．现在，严重的污染导致许多生物的数量减少。我们应该采取一些措施来保护我们的环境。(环境保护) Nowadays, heavy pollution causes the number of many creatures on__the__decrease. We should take__some__measures to protect our environment. 2．对我们所有人来说，当务之急是为环境保护尽自己的一份力。(倡议书) It__is__urgent for all of us to do__our__part to environmental conservation. 3．We must prevent people from cutting down so many trees, and people should be advised to switch__to__reusable__materials (改用可重复使用的材料)． 4．We should take action to protect all kinds of animals. (倡议书)are__supposed__to 5．人类应该为所有的污染负责。 Humans should be__responsible__for all the pollution. ＝Humans should take/bear__the__blame__for all the pollution. 课时作业 Ⅰ.阅读 A (2024·贵州省贵阳市高三月考)Françoise Malby­Anthony, a city girl, a Parisian through and through, could tell the quickest way to the Eiffel Tower but knew nothing about animals. Yet somewhere deep inside, she always felt she would end up in a foreign country. It was her husband Lawrence Anthony, a South African, who brought out the wanderlust in her. They met in London in 1987, and a year later they moved to South Africa, where they were drawn by nature and eventually bought Thula Thula—a game reserve of river and 1，500 hectares of rolling hills. They were soon working to save an abundance of wild animals, especially elephants and rhinos, from the poachers and hunters who roamed for fun and profit. They also employed some locals, and taught them about office work, dealing with guests and cooking French dishes. Last March, however, Lawrence died of a sudden heart attack. And there Françoise was, alone, burying her husband, and didn't know where to begin. She soon faced her first baptism (洗礼) by fire. A few days later, she received a call. Thabo, a three­year­old male rhino, had taken a bullet. It was the poachers. How could the poachers break into the fence in broad daylight? At that point, a rumor suggested it was an inside job. Maybe someone was trying to frighten her into leaving? Lawrence was gone. A rhino in trouble and security men she couldn't rely on. Since booking after booking had been canceled due to Lawrence's passing away, Françoise finally had an empty bank account. But how could she leave the dream that Lawrence and she had fought so hard for? Françoise slowly found her feet. Eventually Thabo recovered from the trauma. She set up meetings with the staff to go over reserve and animal issues and to agree on priorities. She even launched her own rhino fund. The desperate days have helped redefine the purpose of life without Lawrence, and she understands that the mission of protecting Thula Thula's wildlife has become hers, and hers alone. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了原本对动物一无所知的巴黎女孩，婚后跟随丈夫开始保护野生动物，并在丈夫去世后开始独自完成两人的梦想。 1．What do we know about Françoise? A．She cooked local dishes specially for tourists. B．She has lived in a foreign country for decades. C．She met her husband on her trip to South Africa. D．She has been crazy about animals since childhood. 答案：B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“They met in London in 1987, and a year later they moved to South Africa(1987年他们在伦敦相遇，一年后他们搬到了南非)”可推知，Françoise在国外生活数十年。故选B。 2．What happened shortly after Lawrence's death? A．The reserve was in financial trouble. B．Her security men quit their jobs. C．A rumor that she would leave went viral. D．One of the rhinos was illegally shot. 答案：A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Since booking after booking ... an empty bank account.(由于Lawrence的去世，一场又一场的预订都被取消了，Françoise的银行账户最后空了。)”可知，保护区陷入了财政困境。故选A。 3．How has the experience of tackling tough situations affected Françoise? A．She has gained the strength to live bravely. B．Her reserve has begun to bring in money. C．Her management skills have been shared by others. D．She has become expert in attending injured animals. 答案：A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Lawrence was gone ... had fought so hard for？”以及最后一段“Françoise slowly found ... has become hers, and hers alone.”可推知，Lawrence去世后，Françoise经历了很多不幸的事情，但是最终她还是挺了过来，勇敢地面对生活。故选A。 4．What is the best title of the text? A．Tips on Protecting Wild Animals B．Rebirth from a Wounded Reserve C．A Rhino Survived the Poachers Gunshot D．Wonderful Journey Deep into South Africa 答案：B　标题判断题。通读全文并根据最后一段内容可知，文章主要讲述了Françoise原本对动物一无所知，后来跟随丈夫开始保护动物，丈夫去世后，保护区被闯入，动物被袭击，Françoise很无助，但是她最终还是坚强地站起来肩负起自己的使命。B项(从受损保护地中重生)最适合作为文章标题。故选B。 B (2024·广东省江门市高三联考)From the world's last seven to a global population of more than 5，000, China spent nearly 40 years bringing back crested ibises (朱鹮) from the edge of extinction. With its typical red crest and face, as well as a long black mouth and snow­white feathers, the crested ibis is known as “the oriental gem” in China. They were once widespread in East Asia and Siberia until the 20th century when hunting, ecological damage and increased human activities drove the birds to near extinction. In 1981, the entire species around the world was down to the seven crested ibises which were found only in Yangxian County, northwest China's Shaanxi Province, and deep in the Qinling Mountains, making Qinling, a natural boundary between China's north and south, the last shelter of the wild birds. Since 1981, the local government of Yangxian County has put forward four bans for the protection of the species, prohibiting activities including hunting in the birds' living areas, cutting down trees where they nest, using chemicals in their food­finding areas, and firing guns in their breeding (繁殖) areas. The Chinese government arranged special funds to protect the habitat of crested ibises, sealing off mountains to plant trees in the birds' living areas.China started the artificial breeding of crested ibises in 1991 and had bred more than 400 birds in Shaanxi as of last year. Years of constant effort have brought promising results. It is estimated that there are more than 5，000 crested ibises in the world now, and a majority of them live in Shaanxi. The bird's habitat in China has risen from less than 5 square km in 1981 to the current 15，000 square km. “It is lucky that the crested ibis, an ancient bird, is still flying around，” said Zan Linsen, head of the Shaanxi Academy of Forestry. “The conservation story of crested ibises not only shows us the power of ancient life, but also the necessity and urgency of ecological environment protection.” 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国在近40年的努力下，成功将朱鹮这一濒临灭绝的物种从全球仅剩的7只增加到5，000多只。朱鹮的保护不仅展示了古老生物的力量，也显示了生态环境保护的必要性和紧迫性。 5．Why are the Qinling Mountains so important to crested ibises? A．They are where crested ibises were first found. B．They used to be the last habitat of crested ibises. C．They are the only breeding area of crested ibises. D．They protect crested ibises from natural enemies. 答案：B　细节理解题。根据第三段“In 1981, the entire species ... of the wild birds.”可知，之所以秦岭对朱鹮来说是重要的，是因为这里曾经是朱鹮最后的栖息地。故选B。 6．What can we conclude from Paragraph 4? A．Crested ibises are unlikely to be bred artificially. B．It's legal to own hunting guns in Yangxian County. C．Hunting has been the biggest threat to crested ibises. D．The government plays a key role in saving crested ibises. 答案：D　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Since 1981 ... and firing guns in their breeding (繁殖) areas.(自1981年以来，阳县当地政府提出了四项保护物种的禁令，禁止在鸟类的生活区狩猎，砍伐它们筑巢的树木，在它们寻找食物的区域使用化学物质，以及在它们的繁殖区开枪。)”可知，本段介绍的是政府针对保护野生动物提出的相应保护政策，由此可推知，政府在拯救朱鹮方面起着关键作用。故选D。 7．How does Zan Linsen feel about the conservation of crested ibises? A．Merciful and ambitious. B．Relieved and happy. C．Shocked and curious. D．Sorry and regretful. 答案：B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“‘It is lucky that the crested ibis, an ancient bird, is still flying around，’ said Zan Linsen(‘幸运的是，朱鹮这种古老的鸟类还在飞来飞去，’赞林森说)”可推知，保护朱鹮取得的成果让赞林森感到高兴和宽慰。故选B。 8．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Rare animals in China: crested ibises B．Artificial breeding of crested ibises in China C．Endangered crested ibises making a comeback D．Crested ibises found again in the Qinling Mountains 答案：C　标题判断题。根据第一段“From the world's last seven ... from the edge of extinction.(从世界上最后的7只到全球5，000多只，中国花了近40年的时间将朱鹮从灭绝的边缘拯救了回来。)”以及倒数第二段中的“Years of constant effort have brought promising results.(多年来的不懈努力取得了可喜的成果。)”可知，文章主要讲述中国近40年的努力取得了显著效果，C项(濒危朱鹮回归)概括文章主要内容，可作为最佳标题。故选C。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2023·云南省高三统考一模)There has been a very serious decline in the numbers of shallow­water fish as a result of overfishing. People still want to eat fish, so the fishing industry must look at other sources, especially the deep waters of the Atlantic. __1__ Conservation measures will have to be put in place if these deep­sea fish are to survive. Research on five such species shows that numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent. __2__ Many species could well disappear completely if the present trend continues. These are species that have been swimming in our oceans for hundreds of millions of years. The problem is emphasized by the fact that the decline in numbers happened in less than twenty years. Deep­sea fish take a long time to reproduce and normally live for many years. __3__ The average size of such fish also declined, with one species showing a 57 percent decline in average size. This is of particular concern, as large fish tend to produce more offspring than small ones. __4__ The deep­sea species have been caught as if they were the fast­breeding (快速繁殖的) fish like sardine and herring. It is like killing elephants as if they reproduced at the same rate as rabbits. The damage done by overfishing goes beyond the sea environment. Millions of people make a living in the fishing industry. __5__ Measures must be taken to not only conserve ecosystems, but also sustain livelihoods and ensure food security. A．Billions of people rely on fish for protein. B．Many people now choose not to eat deep­sea fish. C．Unfortunately, their reproduction rate is very low. D．This puts them in the category of “critically endangered”． E．None of these facts has been taken into account by the fishing industry. F．Overfishing is a major cause of decline in populations of ocean wildlife. G．This has resulted in a sharp decline in the numbers of many of the species caught. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了由于过度捕捞，深水鱼类的数量已经严重下降，以及由此导致的后果。 1．G　根据上文“People still want to eat fish ... especially the deep waters of the Atlantic.(人们仍然想吃鱼，因此捕鱼业必须寻找其他来源，特别是大西洋的深水区。)”可推知，设空处应承接上文，说明以上做法导致的不良影响。G项(这导致许多被捕获物种的数量急剧下降。)切题。故选G。 2．D　根据上文“Research on five such species ... between 87 percent and 98 percent.(对五种这样的物种的研究表明，数量下降了87%到98%。)”可知，数量下降到了一定程度，我们便称它们为“极度濒危”物种。D项(这使得它们被归为“极度濒危”物种。)切题。故选D。 3．C　根据上文“Deep­sea fish take a long time to reproduce and normally live for many years.(深海鱼需要很长时间繁殖，通常可以活很多年。)”及下文“The average size of such fish also declined ... tend to produce more offspring than small ones.”可知，设空处应说明深海鱼的繁殖率非常低。C项(不幸的是，它们的繁殖率非常低。)切题。故选C。 4．E　根据下文“The deep­sea species have been caught ... at the same rate as rabbits.(深海鱼类被捕获，仿佛它们是沙丁鱼和鲱鱼等快速繁殖的鱼类。这就像把大象当作繁殖速度飞快的兔子杀死一样。)”可知，捕鱼业忽略了一些物种繁殖速度慢的事实。E项(捕鱼业没有考虑到这些事实。)切题。故选E。 5．A　根据上文“Millions of people make a living in the fishing industry.(数百万人以渔业为生。)”可知，设空处与上文为并列关系，说明渔业对人类的重要作用。A项(数十亿人依赖鱼类获取蛋白质。)切题。故选A。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2024·安徽省九师联盟高三月考)Guan Yu, an ancient general known for his loyalty and bravery in battles, has been widely worshipped (敬奉). The Temple of Guan Yu in Xiezhou, North China's Shanxi Province, is the __1__ (large) one among countless temples worshipping the general across the country and also a major historical and cultural site protected at the national level. In 2020, a research institute, __2__ studied the culture behind this folk belief in Guan Yu, was founded in Xiezhou, and eight graduate students were hired. This summer, researchers of __3__ institute are compiling chronicles (编年史) for the temple, and studying the fine elements of traditional culture contained in the temple. Across the country, historical and cultural heritage sites are protected and studied to discover and learn about traditional Chinese culture, amid the nation's efforts __4__ (build) a modern Chinese civilization. __5__ total, there are 5，058 major historical and cultural sites protected at the national level. “__6__ (witness) the long history and splendid culture of the Chinese nation in the past years, the historical and cultural sites offer __7__ (we) rich ‘spiritual nutrients’ in the midst of building a modern Chinese civilization，” said Gao Jiangtao, a research fellow with the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. In Shanxi, with local protection work __8__ (trouble) due to understaffing, a project was started in 2022 to enroll a total of 600 students for a span of five years, __9__ (specific) for 117 localities across the province in need of protection professionals. These students will __10__ (offer) general education on relics protection during college. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了位于山西省解州的关羽庙，它是全国众多关羽庙中最大的一座，正在得到保护和研究。 1．largest　考查形容词的最高级。根据设空后的“one among countless temples”以及设空前的定冠词the可知，此处表示“最大的一座”，应用形容词最高级largest。故填largest。 2．which　考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，解释说明先行词a research institute，指物，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 3．the　考查冠词。根据上文提到的“a research institute”可知，此处特指上文的这个“研究所”，应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。 4．to build　考查非谓语动词。此处为动词不定式to do作后置定语修饰efforts，the efforts to do “做出……的努力”。故填to build。 5．In　考查介词。此处为固定短语in total，意为“共计，总共”，且设空处位于句首，单词首字母需大写。故填In。 6．Witnessing　考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作状语，witness和其逻辑主语the historical and cultural sites为主动关系，应用现在分词，且设空处位于句首，单词首字母需大写。故填Witnessing。 7．us　考查代词。根据设空前offer为谓语动词可知，此处应用人称代词的宾格，构成动词短语offer sb sth“提供某人某物”。故填us。 8．troubled　考查非谓语动词。此处为with的复合结构，trouble与protection work之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用trouble的过去分词作宾语补足语。故填troubled。 9．specifically　考查词性转换。设空处修饰后面的介词短语，应用副词作状语。故填specifically。 10．be offered　考查动词的语态。设空处为谓语动词，offer和主语These students之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；结合设空前will可知，设空处应用be done的形式。故填be offered。 写作限时练(4) Ⅰ.应用文写作 (2024·广东省梅州市高三段考)假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Alan要私下存钱购买智能手机，用于打游戏。请你给他写一封信，指出他的错误并提出建议。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Alan， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Yours， Li Hua [精彩范文] Dear Alan， I heard that you want to save money secretly to buy a phone for gaming. I think it's important to get your priority right and make wise decisions. In my opinion, spending all your money on gaming may not be beneficial in the long run. Instead, I suggest considering other options. You could save money for something that can contribute to your personal development, such as educational materials or a hobby that can provide valuable skills. Besides, it is beneficial to explore different forms of entertainment which don't rely solely on technology. Engaging in outdoor activities or joining clubs can provide enjoyment and help you develop new skills, which is also a great way to expand your social circle. I sincerely hope that you take my advice into consideration and stick to studying hard. Yours， Li Hua Ⅱ.读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (2024·黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市高三月考)I was not satisfied with and even angry with my father in the first year of college, because he didn't care about my feelings at all. One day I had a serious quarrel with him. I was fed up with his direction and correction. How could he interfere with my life and my study plans? How could he understand the importance of my university activities? The only thing that he cared about was my academic performance! He didn't understand my world and I didn't understand his, either. I stormed out and sighed all the way to school. Suddenly I realized that I didn't have the assignment that was due (应交出的): a thought card. This class was taught by Mrs Smith. The thought card was the admission ticket to her Tuesday class. She would return them to us with her comment. My first thought card read, “All that glitters (发光) is not gold.” She commented, “What does this quote mean to you? Is it significant？” Obviously, she was taking it seriously. I surely didn't want to reveal myself to her. The week progressed. Mrs Smith's class was quite brilliant. She challenged us to think and come up with our own responses. But I had no handling strategies to deal with it. The second Tuesday came. I wrote on my card, “The most important thing in communication is to hear what isn't being said.” The next day the card came back, “You seem to need a listener. Is this important to your life？” I couldn't remember a teacher caring personally about me since primary school. With all these memories filling my mind, I raced to class. Just outside the door, I took a card and wrote, “I have the most terrible dad of the world！” Then I dashed in. Looking up at me, Mrs Smith reached out for the card, and I took my seat. The moment I sat down, I felt terrible. I didn't mean to let that out. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150个左右； 2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 That night I had difficulty sleeping, for I was afraid that she might reveal that to my father. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 “I will bear your words in mind，” I said, saying goodbye to Mrs Smith and heading for my home. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者和父亲的关系不好，作者认为父亲不理解自己，自己也不理解他。作者在Smith (史密斯)老师的思想卡片上写下了“我有世界上最可怕的父亲”，Smith老师没有直接和作者的父亲联系，而是和作者进行了交谈。她会把这件事情告诉作者的父亲吗？最终作者理解父亲了吗？ [精彩范文] That night I had difficulty sleeping, for I was afraid that she might reveal that to my father. On Wednesday morning I came to class with mixed feelings. At first, Mrs Smith did not return the card to me. I sat in my usual seat, opening the book with worry and fear. I thought that Mrs Smith must have told my father about this. What was waiting for me was another more severe argument. After all the classes were over in the afternoon, it was Mrs Smith who called my name, as I was walking out of the door of the classroom. Then she told me that she would be my listener and exchanged the card with the words, “Good medicine is bitter, and good advice is hard to hear.” “I will bear your words in mind，” I said, saying goodbye to Mrs Smith and heading for my home. I was wondering whether I should tell my father what had happened these days. I found my father waiting for me at the school gate with the gift I had always wanted. That day, I walked home with my father. The setting sun shone on us, casting our shadows on the road. Cars of various colors passed by us, but they did not affect our conversation. We talked a lot that day, and it seemed that the journey from school to home had also been shortened. And eventually I understood my father's deep love and thoughtful care for me. 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$