选择性必修第一册 UNIT 1 RELATIONSHIPS-【金版教程】2025年高考英语一轮复习解决方案全书word（新教材，北师大版）

金版教程　高考科学复习解决方案　英语[S] 一　词汇过关测＋练 1．upset　up－ 向上＋set 放→翻个底朝天，打翻；引申为使生气，使心烦意乱 2．reserved　re­ 一再＋serv 保持＋­ed→一再保持；引申为含蓄的，内敛的 3．grateful　grate(＝grat) 令人高兴的；高雅＋­ful ……的→令人高兴的，优雅的；引申为感激的，感谢的 4．appointment　ap­ 加强 ＋ point 点；变尖＋­ment 名词后缀→将尖点对准某人；引申为约定，约会 5．behaviour　be­ 是，hav有，­iour 事件→说明是要做的事情；引申为行为，举止 1．host vt. 主办；做……的东道主　n. 主人；主持人 2．incredible adj. 极好的；难以置信的 3．mate n. 朋友，伙伴 4．emotional adj. 激起感情的；情感上的 5．extremely adv. 极度，极其 6．grateful adj. 感激的，感谢的 7．lack vt. 缺乏　n. 缺乏 8．presentation n. 报告；陈述，说明 9．belong vi. 应在(某处)；适应 10．drag vt. 拖，拉 11．alcoholic n. 酗酒者，嗜酒成瘾者　adj. (含)酒精的 12．worthwhile adj. 值得做的；重要的；有益的 13．clarity n. 清楚，清晰 14．handle vt. 处理(难题)；应付(局面) 15．preference n. 偏爱，偏好 16．humour n. 幽默感 17．intention n. 意图，目的；打算 18．chase vi.& vt. 努力赢得　n. 追逐，追赶 19．delay vi.& vt. 推迟，延期 20．constantly adv. 持续不断地 21．barely adv. 几乎不 22．principle n. 原则；行为准则 23．deadline n. 截止日期，最后期限 24．stimulation n. 刺激 25．desperate adj. 拼命的；绝望的 26．intense adj. 紧张的，激烈的；剧烈的 27．fuel n. 燃料 28．topic n. 话题，题目 29．extraordinary adj. 令人惊奇的，异乎寻常的 30．complain vi.& vt. 抱怨；不满；发牢骚 31．reality n. 现实；真实 32．progression n. 发展，变化 33．approval n. 赞许；同意 34．associate vt. 与某人交往 35．contrast n. 差异，差别　vt. 形成对比 36．distracted adj. 心神不定的，精神无法集中的 37．obsess vt. 使迷恋 38．fluency n. 流畅，熟练 39．bend vi.& vt. 弯腰；俯身 40．invitation n. 邀请 1．(2023·浙江高考1月)During the cookout, I told my hosts (主人) about the hummingbird incident. 2．(2023·全国甲卷)For those extremely (极其) hungry there's a large set menu. 3．(2024·天津市耀华中学高三期末考试)Unlike the children giving in to temptation, the children who delayed (推迟) their reward were far more successful in almost all areas of life. 4．(人教B3­U4)Astronauts' bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack (缺乏) of gravity, so they need to exercise every day, which will help them stay healthy. 5．(2024·广西柳州高级中学高三月考)My mother had to shop very carefully, as she was a waitress, and her salary barely (几乎不) sustained us. 6．(2024·湖南师范大学附属中学高三月考)If you have preferences (偏爱) for a room you've booked and are paying for, usually that's just fine. 7．(译林B2­U1)A film is—or should be—more like music than like fiction. It should be a progression (变化) of moods and feelings. 8．(外研XB3－U2)So incredible (难以置信的) was their skill that many of their buildings survived earthquakes and remained standing over hundreds of years. 9．(2024·湖北黄冈高三调研)The intention (目的) is to extend the range of what is understood by the term, and examine the depth of design practice as it affects everyday life in a diversity of cultures. 10．We were worried she wouldn't be able to handle (处理) it, but she came through in the end. 1．demand vt. 要求→demanding adj. 要求严格的；费力的 2．passion n. 热情，激情→passionate adj. 热爱的，酷爱的；具有强烈信念的→passionately adv. 强烈地；热烈地；充满激情地 3．educate vt. 教育→educator n. 教育工作者；教师；教育家→education n. 教育→educational adj. 教育的→educationalist n. 教育(学)家 4．social adj. 社会的；社交的→society n. 社会→socialise vi. 交友；交际；交往→socialist n. 社会学家 5．shame n. 羞愧，惭愧；耻辱→shameful adj. 可耻的；丢脸的→ashamed adj. 羞愧的，内疚的；惭愧的 6．access n. 进入；接触的机会→accessible adj. 可接近的；可使用的；可进入的；易于拿到的；易于理解的 7．effect n. 影响，效果→effective adj. 有效的→effectively adv. 有效地 8．motivate vt. 激励，激发；成为……的动机→motivation n. 动力，积极性→motivated adj. 积极的，主动的→unmotivated adj. 不积极的，不主动的 9．sensitive adj. 敏感的；善解人意的→sensitively adv. 敏感地；体谅地→sensitivity n. 灵敏；觉察；体谅；敏感 10．occasion n. 时机，场合→occasional adj. 偶尔的；偶然的→occasionally adv. 偶尔；偶然 11．engage vi. 参加；参与→engagement n. 参与 12．practice n．& vt. 实践，练习→practical adj. 实际的；实践的；切实可行的→practically adv. 几乎；实际地 13．dominate vi.& vt. 主宰，支配，控制→dominant adj. 支配的；占优势的；显著的→domination n. 垄断；主导；控制 14．depress vt. 使沮丧→depressed adj. 沮丧的，忧愁的→depression n. 沮丧，忧愁 15．rude adj. 无礼的→rudely adv. 粗鲁地，无礼地→rudeness n. 粗鲁，无礼 16．appoint vt. 任命；委任；约定；规定→appointment n. 任命；委任；约定；约会 17．innovate vi.& vt. 革新；创新；变革→innovation n. 革新，创新→innovative adj. 改革的；创新的 18．organise vt. 组织，筹划→organiser n. 组织者；筹划者→organisation n. 组织，机构 19．compete vi. 竞赛→competitor n. 选手，参赛者→competitive adj. 有竞争力的；有雄心的→competition n. 竞赛，比赛 20．defend vi.& vt. 保护，保卫→defense n. 防御，保卫；防卫者；辩护→defensive adj. 防御的；戒备的；辩护的 1．His teacher taught him a lot of practical skills in carving, but reminded him that practice makes perfect. (practice) 2．He's just been appointed as director of the teaching apartment.Today he has an appointment with the new teachers. (appoint) 3．To make our ideas accessible to the customers, we should try to have access to their mind, knowing what they really need. (access) 4．The educators are always educating people to better understand both themselves and other people. Is this the meaning of education? (educate) 5．With so many socialists working hard to build a harmonious society,__we believe many social problems can be solved quickly, and we should learn to socialise with others. (social) 6．The organisation had difficulty raising money last year, but it organised its staff to try every means to solve the problems. The organiser tried to make it finally. (organise) 7．Joe is passionate about baseball. His passion inspired me to follow his example, and do everything passionately. (passion) 8．I seem to remember that on that occasion she was at the party. She occasionally referred to her happy schooldays, saying she did the occasional bit of housework at home. (occasion) 9．Teaching is all about motivating people to learn. The teacher is genuinely motivated by a desire to help students. Students' motivation plays an important role in their progress. No one can help an unmotivated student make progress. (motivate) 10．The job was demanding,__but she demanded that we should finish it in three days. (demand) 1 upset [熟义]　adj. 烦恼的，心烦意乱的 [生义]　v. 使生气，使心烦意乱；打乱，搅乱；使不适 ①Don't upset yourself by thinking about what might have been. 别再去想原本可能会怎样了，何必自寻烦恼。 ②Any mechanical problems would upset our plans of driving across the desert. 哪怕是很小的机械故障都有可能打乱我们驾车穿越沙漠的计划。 ③He can't eat grapes—they upset him/his stomach. 他不能吃葡萄——他的胃受不了。 2 raise [熟义]　vt. 提出，提起 [生义]　v. 改善；提高；引起；喂养，种植 ①The inspector said that standards at the school had to be raised. 督学说学校必须提高办学标准。 ②This discussion has raised many important issues/problems. 这次讨论引出了很多重要的议题/问题。 ③The soil around here isn't good enough for raising crops. 这附近地区的土壤不够肥沃，不能种植庄稼。 3 tense [熟义]　n. 时态 [生义]　adj. 紧张的，焦虑的　v. (使)(身体或肌肉)绷紧，(使)变得僵直 ①She was very tense as she waited for the interview. 在等待面试时，她非常紧张。 ②Don't tense your shoulders, just relax. 别缩紧肩膀，放松点。 小积累 1.“同意”家族 ①approval n. 赞许，同意 ②approve of 赞同 ③be for 赞成 ④be in favor of赞同 ⑤agree with sb 同意某人(的看法) ⑥agree to a plan 赞同某个计划 2.“与……相比”聚焦 ①in contrast to 和……对比 ②by contrast 相比之下 ③compared to/with 与……相比(作状语) ④be compared to 把……比作 ⑤be compared with 与……相比 3.time短语知多少 ①for the first time 初次，第一次 ②time and time again 一次又一次 ③for the time being 目前，眼下 ④in time 及时 ⑤on time 准时 ⑥at times 有时 二　语块过关测＋练 1．social__networking 社交网络 2．for__the__first__time 初次，第一次 3．take__up 占据；开始从事 4．a__couple__of 一些，几个；一双，一对 5．add__up__to 合计达，总计达 6．on__behalf__of__sb 代表某人 7．chatter__away 喋喋不休 8．social__media 社交媒体 9．so__far 到目前为止，迄今为止 10．used__to 过去经常，曾经 1．(2023·全国甲卷)Those tomatoes had taste that reminded me of the ones my uncle used__to grow when I was a child. 2．(外研XB3­U1)Now I exercise a__couple__of times a week but just to keep fit. 3．(2024·广东省江门市高三质量检测)Reading Orlando for__the__first__time in my late teens gave me a wonderful sense of freedom and the possibilities that a life full of books can offer. 4．(2024·广东省七校高三第一次联考)On__behalf__of our school, I feel greatly honored to convey warm welcome to you. 5．(2023·浙江高考1月)But all of that growth will take__up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them. 三　句式迁移练 1．not all/all ... not ... “并非都……，不是所有的都……”表示部分否定 【迁移创新】Not__all__the__money,__to put it mildly, has been used wisely. 客气地讲，并非所有的钱都花得很明智。 2．if only ... “要是……该多好啊！”，相当于“I wish (that) ...”，谓语动词用虚拟语气 【迁移创新】If__only__I__could__have__helped put matters right. 要是我当时能帮着把错误纠正过来就好了。 3．catch sb doing sth “撞见，发现某人在做不该做的事” 【迁移创新】Whoever was caught cheating__in__the__exam was punished. 考试作弊被抓住的人都受到了惩罚。 4．spend time doing sth “花时间做某事”结构 【迁移创新】The kids spent__time__handing__out coats to the homeless and tied the rest around light poles for others to pick up. 孩子们花时间把外套分发给无家可归的人，然后把剩下的衣服绑在灯杆上让其他人带走。 Ⅰ　忆课文·语篇理解 I haven't seen Mr Jenkins since I left school, but I often think about him. When I was 15 and __1__ (go) into Mr Jenkins' class, I really became interested in a subject for the __2__ (one) time. Before Mr Jenkins taught me, science __3__ (be) a subject full of strange words to me. I had no idea __4__ hydrogen was, and I didn't really want to know, either！But Mr Jenkins made everything __5__ (interest). He used to explain things __6__ seemed difficult with lots of __7__ (practice) examples and in simple language. I lacked confidence __8__ myself but Mr Jenkins made me feel that I had my own __9__ (strength). I was interested in the study of the stars and planets and he asked me to give a __10__ (present) to the class. Sometimes I think, if only I could call him and ask for his opinion! 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 答案：1.went　2.first　3.had been　4.what　5.interesting　6.which/that　7.practical　8.in　9.strengths　10.presentation Mark has 500 friends online and he spends a lot of time on the Internet. His phone and laptop are never out of touching distance, so he is __1__ (constant) posting updates on social media. On the surface, he has an active social life. He __2__ (attend) parties and plays sports but he is always __3__ (distract). Yet the truth of the matter is：he feels lonely. He is barely the only person __4__ feels this way. Social networking dominates __5__ (he) life in so many ways that he keeps __6__ (delay) things that are important in his real life. It's funny that his friends and he chatter __7__ online so much, but they end up having nothing to say __8__ they meet. And __9__ extraordinary thing is nobody think this is rude; it's just how life is nowadays. He can't even imagine going without social networking for a week—think of all the important __10__ (appoint), invitations and news updates he would miss! 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 答案：1.constantly　2.attends　3.distracted　4.who/that　5.his　6.delaying　7.away　8.when　9.the 10．appointments Ⅱ　学思悟·重点突破 1 lack vt. 缺乏　n. 缺乏；不足(☞lacking adj. 缺乏的) 【知识归纳】 (1)a/the lack of ... 缺乏…… for lack of ... 由于缺乏…… no lack of ... 不缺乏…… (2)be lacking in ... 缺乏…… 【语用点拨】 ①Passengers complained about the lack of information when flights were canceled. 航班取消时，乘客们抱怨消息不灵通(缺乏信息)。(投诉信) ②Lack of sleep had made him irritable. 睡眠不足令他烦躁易怒。(情绪描写) ③He failed for lack of effort. 由于不够努力，他失败了。(劝慰信) ④The painting is lacking in/lacks originality.这幅画缺乏创意。(建议信) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He said there was no lack of things for them to talk about. ②One disadvantage of living in the town is the lack of safe places for the children to play. ③Smith felt shocked for__lack__of__hand__skills (由于缺少手艺) after reading the French manuscript. 2 access n. 进入；接触的机会；通道；使用权　v. 取得；获取(☞accessible adj. 可使用的；可进入的；易得到的；易于理解的) 【知识归纳】 (1)have/gain access to有机会/权利进入/使用/见到…… access to 接近……；进入……的通道；使用……的权利 give access to ... 接见……；向……开放；给予……权利 (2)be accessible to sb 某人可接近/进入…… 【语用点拨】 ①They now have access to the mass markets of China.他们现在有机会进入中国的大众市场。(推荐信) ②These documents are not accessible to the public.公众无法看到这些文件。(申请信) ③Go to a bookstore and purchase an English grammar workbook, or surf online and access some free grammar resources through the Internet. 去书店买一本英语语法练习册，或者上网，通过互联网获取一些免费的语法资源。(建议信) 【名师点津】后跟介词to的常见名词短语： the answer to ... ……的答案 the key to ... ……的答案/关键 the way to ... ……的方法 the attitude to ... ……的态度 the objection to ... 反对…… the approach to ... ……的方法 the guide to ... ……的指导 the reference to ... ……的参考 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. ②Many divorced fathers only have access to their children at weekends. ③Both say they want to write literary books that are accessible (access) to a general audience. ④如果有一位电脑用户没有退出，所有人都可以进入该系统。 If a computer user fails to log off, the__system__is__accessible__to__all． 3 worthwhile adj. 值得做的；重要的；有益的(☞worth adj. 值得的，具有……价值的 ☞worthy adj. 值得的，应得的) 【知识归纳】 worthwhile与worth, worthy的区别： (1)It is worthwhile (for sb) to do/doing ... (对某人来说)做……是值得的 (2)sth is (well) worth doing 某事(很)值得做 sth is (well) worth the money/the effort/a try 某事(很)值得花钱/努力/一试 be worth it 值得一做；值得花时间/精力 【语用点拨】 ①It is worthwhile to visit/visiting the museum. 这个博物馆很值得参观。(邀请信) ②The smile on her face made it all worthwhile.她脸上的笑容使得这一切都非常值得。(神态描写) ③The Temple of Heaven is definitely worth visiting. 天坛绝对值得一看。(推荐信) ④As you know, there are a variety of newly­made Chinese movies that are worth recommending. 你知道，有很多新拍的中国电影值得推荐。(推荐信) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It is really worthwhile to__study/studying (study) the animals in Corbett. ②He's decided to get a look at the house and see if it is worth buying (buy)． ③It was a long climb to the top of the hill, but it__was__worth__it__for__the__view__from__the__top (从山顶看风景是值得的)． ④(2023·全国甲卷)It's worth__your__time (值得你花时间), even if time is something we don't have a lot of. 4 associate vt. 与某人交往(☞associated adj. 有联系的；有关联的 ☞association n. [C]联系，联想；社团，协会 [C，U]联合，关联，交往) 【知识归纳】 (1)associate with sb 与某人交往， 与某人混在一起 (2)associate ... with ... 把……和……联系/想在一起 (3)be associated with ... 和……有联系；和……有关 (4)in association with 与……联合 the Football Association 足球协会 【语用点拨】 ①We should associate with people who are in good quality.我们应与品质好的人交往。(建议信) ②In this poem, Li Bai associates the moon with his homesickness, expressing his longing for the reunion with his families. 在这首诗中，李白把月亮和乡愁联系在一起，表达了他对与家人团聚的渴望。(推荐信) ③I am happy, indeed proud, to be associated with this project. 我很高兴，也很自豪能够参与这个项目。(情感描写) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour. ②His English improved enormously because of his association (associate) with British people. ③我过去一年不曾跟这个项目有关联。 I__haven't__been__associated__with the project over the last year. 5 delay vi.& vt. 推迟，延期　n. 延期，推迟(☞delayed adj. 延误的，延迟的) 【知识归纳】 (1)delay (doing) sth 推迟(做)某事 (2)without delay 马上；立刻 a delay of＋表示时间的名词　……的延误/耽搁 【语用点拨】 ①I delayed telling you the news, waiting for the right moment. 我没有马上把消息告诉你，等适当的时候再说。(道歉信) ②Knowing that I was in trouble, you came to help me without delay. 知道我处于困境，你马上来帮助我。(感谢信) ③If there is a delay of 12 hours or more, you will receive a full refund of the price of your trip. 如果耽搁达到或超过12小时，你会得到旅费全额退款。(推荐信) ④Fortunately, the short delay gave him time to gather himself. 幸运的是，这短暂的拖延给了他喘息的时间。(人物描写) 【名师点津 】后面只跟动名词，不跟不定式的常见动词(短语)：delay, advise, consider, finish, escape, enjoy, miss, suggest, risk, admit, avoid, imagine, mind, practise, permit, appreciate, insist on, look forward to, put off, object to, get down to, excuse sb for等。 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①They decide to have more workers for the project so that it won't be delayed (delay)． ②He delayed running (run) the necessary tests. ③They were granted a delay of 48 hours to gather more evidence. ④Problems, if any, should__be__solved__without__delay (要立刻解决)． 6 complain vi.& vt. 抱怨；不满；发牢骚(☞complaint n. 抱怨，投诉；不满的缘由) 【知识归纳】 (1)complain that ... 抱怨…… complain (to sb) about ... (向某人)投诉/抱怨…… complain of ... 投诉说…… (2)make a complaint about sb/sth 投诉某人/事 【语用点拨】 ①Some complain that visitors are causing too much stress on the environment.一些人抱怨游客对环境造成了太大的压力。(调查报告) ②Nowadays, people in many big cities are always complaining about the heavy traffic. 如今，许多大城市的人们总是抱怨交通拥挤。(调查报告) ③I'm writing to make a complaint about your service standard. 我写信投诉你们的服务水平。(投诉信) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Lots of people have complained about the noise. ②He complained that his boss was useless and he had too much work. ③Once upon a time a daughter complained to her father about her life and she didn't know how she was going to make it. ④游客抱怨被当地的出租车司机敲了竹杠。 Tourists__complain__of being ripped off by local cab drivers. 7 take up 占据 【知识归纳】 take up too much space 太占地方了 take up a position 担任；任职 take up a whole week 花了一周时间 take up a new job 从事新的工作 take up English 开始学英语 【语境运用】完成句子 ①写这篇文章花了整整一个星期。 It took__up__a__whole__week to write the article. ②这张桌子太占地方了，所以我们想换个小的。 The table takes__up too much space, so we'll change it for a smaller one. ③他去西班牙之前，就开始学习西班牙语。 He had__taken__up Spanish before he went to Spain. ④哈瑞接着约翰停止的地方继续讲这个故事。 Harry took__up__the__story at the point where John had left off. 8 if only ... “要是……该多好啊！”，相当于“I wish (that) ...”，谓语动词用虚拟语气 【知识归纳】 if only后的句子常用虚拟语气：谓语用过去式表示现在难以实现的愿望；用“would/could/might＋动词原形”表示将来难以实现的愿望；用“had＋过去分词”表示过去没有实现的愿望。 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①If only you had__told (tell) me that some time ago. ②要是他能隐瞒住自己在这场事故中的责任就好了。 If__only__he__could__conceal his part in the accident. ③要是我父亲有一点点商业头脑就好了。 If__only__my__father__had__possessed an ounce of business sense. 9 not all/all ... not ... “并非都……，不是所有的都……”表示部分否定 【知识归纳】 (1)总括性词与not连用，表示部分否定。这类总括性词有all, both, every, everything, everybody, everyone, always, altogether等。 (2)表示全部否定意义的词有none, neither, nothing, nobody, no one, never等，与肯定形式的谓语动词连用时，表示全部否定。 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He hinted darkly that all was not well. ②事实上，并非所有国家都发展得那么快。 In fact, not__all__countries are developing so fast. ③我们谁都不能预知未来。 None__of__us__can__foretell what lies ahead. Ⅲ　语基过关检测 维度一　单句语法填空 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)I went to my teacher's office after the award presentation (present). 2．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely (extreme) important for human well­being. 3．(2023·全国甲卷)It is not an explanation, but an invitation (invite) to think and experience philosophy. 4．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students, many of whom have emotional (emotion) control issues. 5．He had the reputation of being one of the most tight­fisted and demanding (demand) of employers. 6．She thought constantly (constant) about her family; she might never know what had become of them. 7．(2024·广东深圳高三质检)You can soften such physical reaction by using practical (practice) techniques. 8．Occasionally (occasional) dolphins slap the water with their tails or churn it up in play. 9．(2024·湘豫名校高三质检)Then, the system used machine learning to learn a person's preference (prefer) based on their orders of actions in the task. 10．The pills might have helped him, if only he had__taken (take) them regularly. 维度二　语篇练习 根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 Socializing with my friends online is my life, so the time I spend online ①adds__up__to (加起来) a couple of hours every day. I ②have__access__to (接近) social media, but I still feel lonely. I'm a reserved person but I have a never­ending flow of messages and updates from all the people I associate with online. It seems ③that I have an active social life. I attend parties and play sports but I'm always distracted and I keep ④delaying (delay) things that are important in my real life. I obsess over exactly how many followers I have on my account. Since socializing online ⑤takes__up (占据) so much of my time, I often ignore people sitting in front of me. I can't imagine going without ⑥social__networking (社交网络) for a week. So far, I come to a decision about ⑦dragging (拖) me away from my phone. I will do something meaningful ⑧rather__than (而不是) playing with my phone. Ⅳ　读写用·素养提升 维度一　一词多义/熟词生义 (一)根据语境选出加黑词upset的含义 A．adj. 烦恼的，心烦意乱的　B．vt. 使生气，使心烦意乱　C．vt. 打乱；搅乱　D．vt. 使不适 1．Don't upset yourself by thinking about what might have been.________ 2．She was very upset to hear that the party had been cancelled. ________ 3．Any mechanical problems would upset our plans of driving across the desert. ________ 4．He can't eat grapes—they upset his stomach. ________ 答案：1.B　2.A　3.C　4.D (二)根据语境选出加黑词raise的含义 A．v. 改善　B．v. 抚养；养育　C．v. 提出，提起 D．v. 引起　E．v. 种植 1．I was born and raised a city boy. ________ 2．It wasn't an easy audience but he raised a laugh with his joke. ________ 3．How can we raise standards in schools? ________ 4．We can raise wheat and corn according to the land conditions. ________ 5．If you raise it at the meeting, I'll support you. ________ 答案：1.B　2.D　3.A　4.E　5.C 维度二　构词法 (2023·浙江高考1月)InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low－impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. 合成词：­cal 形容词后缀：practice 为动词，表示练习，practical为形容词，意为实际的；实践的；切实可行的。 维度三　长难句分析 (2023·全国甲卷)Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche—we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. 一划主干：Grizzly__bears__occupy__a__corner。 二括修饰：which引导非限制性定语从句；as引导让步状语从句。 三会意：灰熊可以长到2.5米长，体重超过400公斤，在美国人心中占据着一个矛盾的角落——我们敬畏它们，即使它们给我们带来可怕的梦境。 维度四　写作提能 完成句子/词汇升级/一句多译 1．但愿我能得到一个学习法语的好机会。(申请信) If__only__I__could__have__a__good__chance to learn French. 2．在这种情况下，你应该有机会获得足够的英语资源。当你学习新单词的时候，你可以把它们和你所学的联系起来。(建议信) On such an occasion, you are supposed to have__access__to enough resources of English. When learning new words, you can associate__them__with what you have learned. 3．这可能会占用你的一些时间，但是当你把你所得到的加起来，你会发现所有这些努力都是值得的。 It may take up some of your time, but when you add up what you gain, you will find__it__worthwhile to make all these efforts. 4．If necessary, you may as well plan to go to your English teacher to seek help.(建议信)make__an__appointment__with 5．这个建议值得考虑。(建议信) This suggestion is worth considering． ＝This suggestion is worthy of consideration． ＝This suggestion is worthy of being__considered． ＝This suggestion is worthy to be__considered． 课时作业 Ⅰ.阅读 A (2023·广东省六校联盟高三联考)A few years ago, I spared a couple of hours from busy academic learning to work in a video store on a daily basis. There was something in the elderly woman's behavior that caught my eye. Although slow and unsure of step, the woman moved with deliberation, and there was no hesitation in her gestures. And she__had__a__job__to__do． The elderly woman had walked into the store along with a younger woman who I guessed was her daughter. The daughter was displaying a serious case of impatience, checking her watch every few seconds. The older woman detached from the younger one and began to tick through the DVDs on the nearest shelf. After the slightest hesitation, I walked over and asked if I could help her find something. The woman smiled up at me and showed me a title scrawled on a crumpled (皱巴巴的) piece of paper. The title was a bit difficult to understand. Clearly a person looking for it knew a little about movies, about quality. Rather than rushing off to locate the DVD for the woman, I asked her to walk with me so I could show her where she could find it. Something about her deliberate movements reminded me of my own mother, who'd departed this life last Christmas. As we walked along the back of the store, I narrated its floor plan. The woman seemed glad of the unrushed company and casual conversation. We found the movie, and I complimented (称赞) her on her choice. Then, reluctantly, I had to return the elderly woman to her keeper, who was still tapping her foot at the front of the store. I walked over to the younger woman. “Is that your mom？” I asked. She rolled her eyes and said, “Yeah.” There was annoyance in her reply, half sigh and half complaint. Still watching the mother, I said, “Mind some advice？” “Sure，” said the daughter. I smiled to show her I wasn't criticizing. I answered her curious expression by saying, “When she's gone, it's the little moments that will come back to you. Moments like this. I used to let it slip. I know.” 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位老太太想买DVD，她的女儿却极不耐烦。作者注意到这一点后，耐心地陪老太太找DVD，表现得很体贴，给了她一次不受拘束的陪伴，并提醒老太太的女儿要珍惜身边所爱的人。 1．What does the underlined sentence “she had a job to do” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．She was thinking of what to buy. B．She had a regular job in the store. C．She wanted to buy a DVD. D．She wanted to ask for help. 答案：C　句意理解题。根据第二段中的“The older woman ... on the nearest shelf.(年长的女人离开了年轻的女人，开始在最近的架子上翻看DVDs。)”可知，这位老太太与女儿分开后开始扫视最近架子上的DVD，由此可推知，画线句“she had a job to do”指的是“她想买一张DVD”。故选C。 2．Which word can best describe the daughter's behaviors towards her mom? A．Impolite. B．Uncaring. C．Tolerant. D．Considerate. 答案：B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The daughter was displaying a serious case of impatience, checking her watch every few seconds.(女儿表现出严重的不耐烦，每隔几秒钟就看一下手表。)”可推知，最能描述女儿对妈妈的行为的词是“心不在焉的”。故选B。 3．What can we learn about the author? A．She was ill­informed of quality movies. B．She was a full­time employee in the store. C．She regretted not accompanying her mom. D．She criticized the younger woman seriously. 答案：C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Something about her deliberate movements ... last Christmas.(她小心翼翼的动作让我想起了我的母亲，她在去年圣诞节离开了人世。)”以及最后一段中的“When she's gone ... I know.(她走了以后，你会回想起那些短暂的时光。我知道，像这样的时刻，我以前总是让它溜走。)”可推知，作者后悔没有陪伴妈妈。故选C。 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Lend a helping hand to elderly people B．Mother is not what we can substitute C．The past cannot be called back again D．Always treasure the ones you love 答案：D　标题判断题。通读全文并根据最后一段中的“I answered her curious expression ... I know.”可知，文章主要强调的是陪伴和理解的重要性，要懂得珍惜身边所爱的人。由此可推知，D项(永远珍惜你所爱的人)最适合作为文章标题。故选D。 B (2024·重庆市第一中学高三质量检测)First impressions can set a lasting tone, but there is often something doubtful. Psychologists have documented a phenomenon known as the liking gap, whereby two people meeting for the first time routinely underestimate how much their counterparts (对应方) like them. A new study finds that the liking gap occurs in group settings too and affects how well groups function. In one experiment, the researchers divided 159 participants into groups of three and asked them to have a conversation. They then surveyed the participants individually about how much they liked each of their partners, how much they thought each partner liked them, and how much they thought their partners liked each other. On average, people liked their partners more than they believed their partners liked them, and thought themselves to be the least liked in the group. In a subsequent experiment, the researchers asked similar questions of engineering students who had worked together in design competitions for varying lengths of time. Here, too, people tended to underestimate the degree to which they were liked, regardless of how long they had known their teammates—and their dim views of their own likability reduced their willingness to ask others for help, give honest feedback, and work together in the future. A final experiment involving a broad sample of workers showed that the misperceptions (误解) were strongest among teammates and that they decreased team effectiveness and job satisfaction. It also found a possible explanation for the liking gap: People tend to focus on positive thoughts when reflecting on how much they like someone else (“I'm happy that she got a promotion”) but fall victim to more negative ones when considering how others view them (“I got a promotion, so she might be green with envy”)． Managers should think carefully not just about how teammates regard one another but about how team members think they themselves are regarded, the researchers say; correcting misperceptions could boost team satisfaction and performance. “If only people knew how positively their teammates actually felt about them, they might communicate better, feel more included on their teams, and be happier overall with their jobs，” they write. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了两个人第一次见面时，通常会低估对方对自己的喜欢程度。一项新的研究发现，这种情况也发生在群体环境中，并影响群体的功能。 5．What does the liking gap refer to? A．A type of social anxiety disorder. B．Love among different age groups. C．Misjudging others' opinions of us. D．Holding back others' evaluations. 答案：C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Psychologists have documented ... how much their counterparts (对应方) like them.(心理学家记录了一种被称为‘喜欢差距’的现象，即两个人第一次见面时，通常会低估对方对自己的喜欢程度。)”可知，“喜欢差距”指的是误判别人对我们的看法。故选C。 6．What did the experiment in Paragraph 2 reveal? A．People did not like to give honest comments. B．People tended to think little of their partners. C．People were quite demanding towards others. D．People were not very confident about themselves. 答案：D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“On average, people liked their partners ... to be the least liked in the group.”可知，实验表明人们不认为他们的伙伴非常喜欢他们，而且他们认为在小组里自己是最不被喜欢的人，由此可推知，人们对自己不是很自信。故选D。 7．What does the underlined word “dim” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Conflicting. B．Negative. C．Conventional. D．Strong. 答案：B　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“people tended to underestimate ... their teammates(不管认识队友多久，人们也倾向于低估自己被喜欢的程度)”可知，人们对自己的受喜爱程度持有消极的看法，由此可推知，画线词dim意为“消极的，悲观的”。故选B。 8．What do the researchers suggest managers stress? A．Employees' viewpoints on themselves. B．The relationship between team members. C．Employee promotion and job satisfaction. D．Communication between leaders and employees. 答案：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Managers should think carefully ... could boost team satisfaction and performance.(研究人员说，管理者不仅应该仔细考虑员工如何看待彼此，还应该考虑员工如何看待他们自己；纠正误解可以提高团队的满意度和绩效。)”可推知，研究人员建议管理者应重视员工对他们自己的看法。故选A。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2024·安徽省九师联盟高三月考)Does the happiness of parents play a role in shaping the overall happiness of their children? Scientific studies have shed light on the far­reaching connection between parental happiness and the positive development of kids. It seems that parental happiness has an important influence on the emotional, social, and cognitive (认知的) development of children. __1__ If they know their mental and emotional happiness has an impact on their children, perhaps it can motivate them to view it as part of being a good parent. __2__ For example, they can join in activities that bring them joy and satisfaction. This could include hobbies, exercise, pursuing personal goals, or taking time for relaxation. When parents improve their own happiness, they can better support their children's happiness. Another great idea is sharing experiences and creating many memories together. The idea is twofold. __3__ At the same time, the shared experiences and showing their children how happy they are to do something they love can be incredibly valuable as well. One of the main aspects of being happy parents is feeling comfortable, confident and able to be themselves, despite their new status and huge responsibility. Honestly, when parents prioritize their own happiness, it has positive effects on the overall happiness of the family. __4__ When parents put their own happiness first, they become role models for their kids. They see the importance of self­care, pursuing passions and maintaining healthy relationships. __5__ So, parents should accept their uniqueness, enjoying life! A．However, part of being responsible is being honest. B．They are passing on some major life skills and attitudes. C．They may lose a bit of their sense of self when caring for children. D．Parents can adopt practical ways to enhance their own happiness. E．A joyful and harmonious family environment benefits everyone involved. F．This can happen when parents prioritize their own happiness according to Inc. G．Firstly, the parents continue to be themselves and do something they love. 篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了科学研究揭示了父母的幸福和孩子的积极发展之间的深远联系，父母的幸福似乎对孩子的情感、社交和认知发展有着重要的影响。 1．F　根据上文“It seems that ... development of children.”可知，父母的幸福对孩子有影响。F项(根据Inc的说法，当父母优先考虑自己的幸福时，这种情况就会发生。)承接上文，符合语境。故选F。 2．D　根据下文“For example, they can join in activities that bring them joy and satisfaction.(例如，他们可以参加给他们带来快乐和满足的活动。)”可推知，D项(父母可以采取切实可行的方法来提高自己的幸福感。)符合语境。故选D。 3．G　根据上文“The idea is twofold.(这个想法是双管齐下的。)”以及下文“At the same time ... can be incredibly valuable as well.(与此同时，分享经验并向孩子展示他们做自己喜欢的事情是多么快乐也是非常有价值的。)”可推知，设空处应是另一个方面。G项(首先，父母继续做自己，做自己喜欢的事情。)符合语境。故选G。 4．E　根据上文“One of the main aspects of being happy parents ... the overall happiness of the family.”可知，父母优先考虑自己的幸福时，对家庭的整体幸福有积极的影响。E项(一个快乐和谐的家庭环境使其中的每个人都受益。)承接上文，总结该段内容，符合语境。故选E。 5．B　根据上文“When parents put their own happiness first ... and maintaining healthy relationships.”可知，当父母把自己的幸福放在第一位时，他们会成为孩子的榜样，他们会看到自我照顾、追求激情和维持健康关系的重要性。B项(他们正在传授一些重要的生活技能和态度。)承接上文，符合语境。故选B。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2024·陕西省多地高三联考)China has launched the CR450 science and technology innovation project __1__ (develop) an even faster train. According to the national plan, a more advanced bullet train, with a top operating speed of 400 kilometers per hour and an experimental speed of up to 450 km per hour, the CR450 would soon be revealed. By the end of 2022, China's transportation network __2__ (grow) to cover more than 6 million kilometers. From 2018 to 2022, China's transportation sector (部门) saw investments of 17 trillion yuan in fixed assets (固定资产), officials said at __3__ news conference. By the end of 2022, China's railway network had covered 155，000 km, of which 42，000 km were high­speed railways, __4__ (account) for more than two­thirds of the world's high­speed railways. In addition, China has developed the world's __5__ (large)road network, which covers 5.35 million kilometers, of which 177，000 km are freeways. China, __6__ also has 128，000 km of inland waterways __7__ 21，000 berths (泊位), can accommodate industrial production. Fifty­three cities have city metro transportation systems, with __8__ (they) operations covering a total of 9，584 km. Nearly all administrative villages, towns and counties have access __9__ hardened roads and bus services. Post __10__ (office) are established in all towns. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国启动了CR450科技创新项目，以开发更快的列车。根据国家计划，CR450将很快揭晓一种更先进的子弹头列车，最高运行速度为每小时400公里，实验速度高达每小时450公里。 1．to develop　考查非谓语动词。句意：中国启动了CR450科技创新项目，以开发更快的列车。根据前文可知，has launched为谓语动词，因此，设空处为非谓语。根据句意可知，设空处应用动词不定式to do作目的状语。故填to develop。 2．had grown　考查动词的时态。根据时间状语By the end of 2022可知，设空处应用过去完成时。故填had grown。 3．a　考查冠词。句意：官员们在新闻发布会上说，从2018年到2022年，中国交通运输部门的固定资产投资达到了17万亿元。根据句意以及设空后news conference为单数意义名词可知，此处泛指“一次新闻发布会”，且news的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 4．accounting　考查非谓语动词。句意：截至2022年底，中国铁路网总里程15.5万公里，其中高速铁路4.2万公里，占世界高速铁路总里程的三分之二以上。high­speed railways和动词短语account for为主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填accounting。 5．largest　考查形容词的最高级。句意：此外，中国还建成了世界上最大的公路网，总长535万公里，其中高速公路17.7万公里。根据句意以及设空前the world's可知，设空处应用形容词最高级，表示“世界上最大的公路网”。故填largest。 6．which　考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是China，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 7．and　考查连词。句意：中国还有12.8万公里的内河道和2.1万个泊位，可以为工业生产提供支持。根据句意可知，此处表示并列关系，设空处应用连词and。故填and。 8．their　考查代词。句意：53个城市拥有城市地铁系统，运营总长9，584公里。根据设空后operations为名词可知，设空处应用形容词性物主代词修饰该名词。故填their。 9．to　考查介词。句意：几乎所有行政村、镇、县都通了硬化公路和公交。此处为动词短语have access to，表示“具有使用某物或接触某人的权利或机会”，为固定搭配。故填to。 10．offices　考查名词。句意：所有城镇都建立了邮局。根据该句谓语动词are可知，应用名词复数。故填offices。 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$