必修3 UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES-【金版教程】2025年高考英语一轮复习创新方案word（新教材，创新版）

金版教程 高考科学复习冲刺方案　英语　创新版 　1 阅读识记 2 基础高频 1.moral dilemma 道德困境 2．illustrate this difficult point 阐明这个难点 3．entrust the task to sb 把这项任务托付给某人 4．tuition fees 学费 5．join the Student Union 加入学生会 6．a resident physician 一名住院医师 7．consult colleagues 咨询同事 8．open a private clinic 开办一家私人诊所 9．over the past decade 在过去的十年里 10．leave one's savings to a kindergarten 把某人的存款留给一家幼儿园 11．health insurance 健康保险 12．the South Pole 南极 13．kiss sb on the lips 吻某人的嘴唇 14．set off a chain reaction 引起了连锁反应 15．pregnant women 孕妇 16．plant a maple tree 种了一棵枫树 17．hitch the horse to the cart 把马套在马车上 18．push the stone with all one's might 某人全力推那块石头 19．tell a fable 讲寓言故事 1.a kind of traditional virtue 一种传统美德 2．waste precious time 浪费宝贵的时间 3．win a scholarship 获得奖学金 4．live in a faraway village 住在一个遥远的村庄 5．publish medical research 发表医学研究 6．new staff in the department 部门里的新员工 7．go against one's principle 违背某人的原则 8．passive smoking 被动吸烟 9．replace the secretary 替换这位秘书 10．say to oneself in a whisper 某人小声地自言自语 11．at midnight 在子夜 12．import and export volumes 进出口额 13．take another bite of apple 又咬了一口苹果 14．chairman of the Student Union 学生会主席 15．suffer loss of memory 失去记忆 16．give the waitress a big tip 给女服务员一大笔小费 17．a more flexible approach 更灵活的方法 18．high/low income group 高/低收入群体 19．earn $60，000 per year 每年挣六万美元 20．elsewhere adv. 在别处；去别处 21．therefore adv. 因此；所以 3 一词多义 对点过关 1.moral adj. 道德的；道义上的　n. 品行；道德；寓意 2．faint vi. 昏倒；晕厥　adj. 不清楚的；微弱的 3．hire vt. 聘任；雇用；租用　n. 租借；租用 4．tend vt. 照顾；照料；护理　vi. 倾向；趋于 5．disguise vt.装扮；假扮；掩盖　n. 伪装；化装用具 6．spill vt.& vi.(spilt/spilled, spilt/spilled, spilling) (使)洒出；(使)溢出 7.limp vi. 跛行；一瘸一拐地走　n. 跛行 8．tear n. 眼泪；泪水　vt.(tore, torn, tearing) 撕破 9．despair n. 绝望　vi. 绝望；感到无望 10．court n．(网球等的)球场；法院；法庭 写出下面句中黑体词的词性和含义 1．He agreed to hire her at slightly over minimum wage with two weeks' paid holiday. vt.__雇用 2．I just broke down and wept with tears of joy. n.__泪水 3．Someone jogged her elbow, making her spill her coffee. vt.__洒出 4．Doctors and nurses tended the injured. vt.__照料；护理 5．We could hear their voices growing fainter as they walked down the road. adj.__不清楚的；微弱的 6.The book describes a spiritual journey from despair to happiness. n.__绝望 7．And the moral of the story is: always mind your mother! n.__寓意 8．She can't pay her tax and is facing court action. n.__法庭 4 拓展变形 对点过关 1.marry vt.& vi.(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶→marriage n. 结婚；婚姻 2．major adj. 主要的　vi. 主修　n．主修课程→majority n．大部分；大多数 3．complain vi.& vt. 抱怨；发牢骚→complaint n. 抱怨；投诉 4．respond vt.回答；回复　vi. 做出反应；回应→response n. 反应；回答；回复 5．reject vt. 拒绝接受；不录用→rejection n. 拒绝接受；否决 6．appoint vt. 任命；委派；指定；约定→appointed adj. 约定的；指定的→appointment n. 约会；任命；委任 7．elect vt. 选举；推选→election n. 选举；推选；当选 8．scare vt.惊吓；使害怕　vi. 受惊吓→scared adj. 害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scary adj. 令人恐惧的 9．sharp adj. (增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的；突然转向的；敏锐的；尖锐的→sharply adv. 急剧地；严厉地→sharpen vt. 削尖；磨快；使提高 10．energy n. 精力；活力；能量→energetic adj. 精力充沛的；充满活力的 11．accident n. 事故；车祸；失事→accidental adj. 意外的；偶然的→accidentally adv.偶然地 12．operate vt.& vi. 经营；操作；运转　vi. 做手术→operation n. 手术；企业；经营；操作 13．assist vt. 帮助；援助→assistant n. 助理；助手→assistance n. 帮助；援助 14．harm n．& vt. 伤害；损害→harmful adj. 有害的→harmless adj. 无害的 15．tense adj. 紧张的；担心的；令人紧张的→tension n. 紧张关系；紧张；焦虑 用所给词的适当形式填空 1．The resident physician often complains about his working conditions and I'm tired of his complaints．(complain) 2．Seeing the scary wolf, the children were scared,__but some adults managed to scare the beast off.(scare) 3．The boy is always energetic. I'm curious to know where his energy comes from.(energy) 4．Eating too much every day is harmful to our health; that is to say, eating too much every day does harm to our health. (harm) 5．Doctors operated on the injured person immediately and the operation was very successful.(operate) 6．My suggestion got rejected and the rejection made me in low spirits for a long time. (reject) 7．In the US, any two persons may marry provided that both persons are at least 16 years of age on the day of their marriage．(marry) 8．Drinking water has become a major health problem for the majority of children in the world.(major) 9．This is an election year in the United States when the people elect a new president.(elect) 10．When you hold your breath you tense up, and when you breathe out, you release that tension．(tense) 11．She got an appointment with the appointed director.(appoint) 12．Being drowned occupies second in each kind of accidental death population, which is only inferior to the traffic accident death population. (accident) 短语忆背 对点过关 1.in need of help 需要帮助 2．play a key role 发挥主要作用 3．pass away 去世 4．disguise oneself 伪装自己 5．carry sb through tough times 帮助某人渡过难关 6．tend to get a little angry 往往会有点生气 7．give sb first aid 对某人实施急救 8．in memory of a Chinese poet 纪念中国的一位诗人 9．trip over a rock 被一个石头绊倒 10．leave the room in tears 流着泪离开房间 11．give up the struggle in despair 绝望地放弃了斗争 12．a great deal of money 大量的金钱 用左栏合适的短语填空 1．After she retired, she donated a__great__deal__of her savings to a kindergarten. 2．After he failed many times, he soon gave up the attempt in__despair． 3．Even though Yuan Longping passed__away,__we will remember him in our hearts forever. 4．We will build a monument in__memory__of those who sacrificed their lives for our country. 5．According to a research conducted recently, men tend__to put on weight in middle age. 6．He tried to follow Jack's footsteps in the snow and tripped__over on a stone. 句式忆背 对点过关 1.句式：“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义 原句：To a person nothing is more precious than their life ... [P16] 对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了…… 2．句式：the＋序数词＋n.＋to do sth 原句：She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB­GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.[P16] 她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。 3．having done(现在分词完成式)作状语 原句：Though Lin Qiaozhi never married, she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”， having delivered over 50，000 babies in her lifetime.[P17] 虽然林巧稚终身未婚，但是她被称为“万婴之母”，她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。 4．see意为“见证”的拟人用法 原句：The new People's Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role.[P18] 新中国见证了林巧稚医生发挥出重要的作用。 根据左栏句式和中文提示完成句子 1．没有什么比在一个炎热的夏天喝杯冷饮更好的事情了。 Nothing__can__be__better__than having a cold drink on a hot summer day. 2．我真的很想采访杨利伟，因为他不仅是第一个去太空的中国人，还是世界上最伟大的宇航员之一。 I would really like to interview Yang Liwei because he is not only the__first__Chinese__to__go__to__space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world. 3．在等了朋友几个小时后，她完成了一件精美的手工艺品。 Having__waited__for__her__friend for several hours, she finished a fantastic handcraft. 4．众所周知，近年来中国发生了巨大的变化，特别是在北京、天津和上海。 As we know, recent years have__seen__great__changes__taking__place in China, particularly in Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai. 用本单元词汇表中的词句和方框内的短语补全短文，并诵读！ The Most Beautiful Teacher—Zhang Guimei a chain of; drop out; put ... into operation; dream up; stick to; suffer from On June 29, 2021, as a moral (道德的) model, Zhang Guimei was awarded the “July 1st Medal” by Chairman (主席) Xi. Thus, her story has been published (刊登；发表) on major websites and even in students' books, leaving many readers in__tears (泪流满面)． Born in Mudanjiang, Zhang lived a comfortable life from childhood to youth. She once had a happy marriage (婚姻). However, her husband passed__away (去世) due to stomach cancer. Perhaps to make herself less passive (消极的), Zhang came to Huaping County to start another lap (行程的一段) of her life journey. Girls in mountain areas tended__to (往往) drop__out (辍学) easily, as the majority (大多数) of people here thought it less for girls to receive education. Therefore, Zhang dreamed__up (构想出；梦想) the idea of building a girls－only high school without any tuition__fees (学费). She wanted to spread the belief “knowledge can change destiny” among these girls. Then she really began to put her plan into__operation (付诸实施). At first, people around her thought what she did was of little importance (重要性). The turning point came in 2007, when she was elected (选举) as a representative of the 17th National Congress of the CPC. With the support of the government, the construction of the school was successfully completed. Every day working here was the most precious memory (回忆) to Zhang. She stuck__to (坚持) her principles (原则) and never courted (追求) fame and wealth. Living a simple life for decades (十年), she used her monthly retirement (退休) pay to sponsor students and reward the teaching staff (全体职工) hired (雇佣) by the school. She also tried to set up more scholarships (奖学金) for students. Although suffering__from (遭受) a__chain__of (一系列) diseases, she kept energetic (精力充沛的) in front of her students every day. At times she would complain (抱怨) to her friends that she also wanted to ease her tension (紧张), but she couldn't, because she was scared (担心的；害怕的) that she wouldn't have much time left. 最美教师张桂梅 2021年6月29日，作为道德楷模，张桂梅被习主席授予“七一勋章”。因此，她的故事在各大网站甚至学生教科书上刊登，让许多读者泪目。 张桂梅出生于牡丹江，她童年到青年时期都过着舒适的生活。她曾经有过一段幸福的婚姻。然而，她的丈夫因为胃癌去世了。也许是为了让自己不那么消极，张桂梅来到了华坪县，开启了她的另一段人生旅程。 山区的女孩往往容易辍学，因为这儿的大多数人认为女孩接受教育没什么用。因此，张桂梅想出了建立一所不收任何学费的女子高中的主意。她想要在这些女孩当中传播“知识可以改变命运”的信念。然后她就真的开始实施她的计划了。起初，她周围的人认为她所做的事情没有什么意义。转折点在2007年到来，当时她被选为第十七届全国人大代表。在政府的支持下，学校的建设成功完成。在这里工作的每一天对张桂梅来说都是最宝贵的回忆。她坚持自己的原则，从不追求名利。几十年来，她一直过着简朴的生活，每月的退休工资都用来资助学生，奖励学校雇佣的教职员工。她还努力为学生设立更多的奖学金。尽管患有一系列疾病，但她每天都活力满满地出现在学生面前。有时她会向朋友们抱怨，她也想缓解一下自己的紧张情绪，但是她不能，因为她担心自己没有多少时间了。 Gold Axe and Silver Axe in order to; in vain; hold back; wash away Once upon a time, there was a woodcutter named Cheng Shi. Every day he had to cut a__great__deal__of (大量的) firewood for his income (收入) and tend (照顾) his sick mother. One day, when Cheng Shi was crossing a bridge after work, he accidentally (意外地) tripped__over (被……绊倒) a bamboo pole (竿), with his axe falling into the river. Without hesitation, Cheng Shi jumped into the river to look for it. However, the axe seemed to have feet and was completely gone. “Has it been washed__away (冲走) elsewhere (在别处；去别处)？” he whispered (低语) to himself. Therefore (因此), he searched along the river, but still in__vain (徒劳). It was almost midnight (午夜). Considering that a new axe would cost his poor savings (积蓄), he could not hold__back (控制；阻止) his tears (泪水)． When Cheng Shi was in__despair (绝望), the river god appeared. He took out a gold axe and asked Cheng Shi, “Is this axe yours？” Cheng Shi shook his head. Then the river god replaced (更换) the gold axe with a silver one and once again asked Cheng Shi, but Cheng Shi still responded (回应). “Not mine！” The river god said, “Why not take this back home? Perhaps it will carry__you__through (带你渡过难关) current difficulties.” Cheng Shi rejected (拒绝) the suggestion. “I only want my iron axe.” The river god thought Cheng Shi's response (响应) fully illustrated (说明) that he was an honest person. In__order__to (为了) award him for his precious__virtue (珍贵的品德), the river god not only found his iron axe, but also made it sharper (锋利) with magic. Zhou Bapi, a fellow villager of Cheng Shi, heard about this and felt that Cheng Shi was not flexible (灵活的) at all, so he decided to do the same thing by the same river. 金斧子和银斧子 从前，有一个叫做程实的樵夫。每天他都要砍大量的木柴以获得收入，同时还要照顾生病的母亲。一天，程实砍柴收工经过一座桥时，不小心被一根竹竿绊倒，斧头掉进了河里。程实毫不犹豫地跳进河里寻找。然而，斧头似乎长了脚，完全消失不见了。“是不是被冲到别的地方去了？”他对自己低声说道。因此，他沿河搜寻，但依旧是徒劳。已经快半夜了。考虑到买一把新斧头会花掉他本就少得可怜的积蓄，他控制不住流下了眼泪。 正当程实绝望时，河神出现了。他拿出一把金斧子问程实：“这把斧子是你的吗？”程实摇了摇头。河神将金斧子换成了银斧子，再次问程实，但程实仍然回答道：“不是我的！”河神说：“为什么不把这个带回家呢？也许它能帮你渡过眼前的困难。”程实拒绝了这个提议。“我只想要我的铁斧子。”河神认为程实的回答充分说明了他是一个诚实的人。为了奖励他珍贵的品德，河神不仅找到了他的铁斧子，还用魔法使它变得更锋利。 和程实同村的周扒皮听说了这件事，觉得程实一点也不会变通，所以他决定在同一条河边做同样的事情。 1.respond vt. 回答；回复　vi. 做出反应；回应→response n. 回答；答复；反应 [语基护航]　单句语法填空 ❶I knocked on the door but there was no response (respond)． [落笔华章]　完成句子 ❷每次我向他寻求建议时，他总是立即给我回复。(应用文写作之感谢信) Every time I asked him for advice, he would respond__to/make__a__response__to__me immediately. ❸为了响应号召，我在生活方式上做出了一些改变，从交通到节水。(应用文写作之环境保护) In__response__to__the__appeal,__I have made some changes in my way of life, which range from transportation to water saving. 归纳拓展 •respond to 对……做出回应或反应；答复 •in response to 对……的答复；对……做出反应 make a/no response to 对……做出回应/不予回答 [名师点津]　以上短语中的to为介词，后跟名词、代词或v.­ing形式。 2.appoint vt. 任命；委派→appointed adj. 约定的；指定的→appointment n. 约会；约定，预约；委任 [语基护航]　单句语法填空 ❶I have something urgent to handle and therefore, I have to cancel the appointment (appoint) with you, and I will appoint my brother to__meet (meet) you at the airport. [落笔华章]　完成句子/一句多译 ❷得知他被任命为队长后，他难掩激动之情，雀跃着进了家门。(读后续写之动作/心理描写) Learning that he__was__appointed__as/to__be__head/captain__of__the__team,__he couldn't contain his excitement and danced into the house. ❸由于已经和牙医预约，非常抱歉我不能在约定的时间陪你去书店了。(应用文写作之道歉信) Because I have__had/made__an__appointment__with__the__dentist,__I am terribly sorry for not accompanying you to the bookshop at the appointed time. ＝Having__had/made__an__appointment__with__the__dentist,__I am terribly sorry for not accompanying you to the bookshop at the appointed time.(having done作原因状语) 归纳拓展 •appoint sb as/to be ... 任命某人为…… appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事 •at the appointed time and place 在指定的时间和地点 •make/have an appointment (with sb) (与某人)约会/预约 keep/break an appointment 守约/违约 3.scare vt. 惊吓；使害怕　vi. 受惊吓→scared adj. 害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scary adj. 吓人的；恐怖的 [语基护航]　单句语法填空 ❶The moment the assistant saw the scene, he froze there, scared (scare)． ❷After watching a scary (scare) film in the cinema, she was scared of walking home alone and therefore, she called a taxi. [落笔华章]　完成句子 ❸父亲一到家，我就胆怯地低下了头，不敢看他那张阴云密布的脸。(读后续写之心理描写) The moment my father arrived home, I bowed my head timidly and was__scared__to__look__at__his__cloudy__face． ❹想到楼里只有我一个人，我几乎要吓死了。(读后续写之心理描写) Thinking being alone in the building, I was__nearly__scared__to__death． 归纳拓展 •scare sb into/out of doing sth 恐吓某人做/不做某事 •be scared to do sth 害怕/不敢做某事 be scared of sb/(doing) sth 害怕某人/(做)某事 be scared to death 吓得要死 4.replace vt. 接替；取代；更换→replacement n. 代替，更换；取代(或代替)的人(或物)；补充兵员 [语基护航]　单句语法填空 ❶Our cities will be better places if we replace cars with/by bicycles. ❷She will continue in her present job until a replacement (replace) can be found. [落笔华章]　一句多译 ❸喜欢并向其他文化学习是件好事，但它们永远无法取代你自己的文化。(应用文写作之文化自信) It's good to enjoy other cultures and learn from them, but they can never replace__your__own__culture. (replace) ＝It's good to enjoy other cultures and learn from them, but they can never take__the__place__of__your__own__culture．(place) 归纳拓展 •replace ... with/by ... 用……替换…… •offer a replacement 提供替代品 [发散归纳]　表达“代替”的短语还有take the place of; take one's place; in place of等。 [名师点津]　①in place of不可单独作谓语。 ②replace, take one's place 和 take the place of 可单独作谓语。 5.assist vt. 帮助；援助→assistant n. 助手；助理→assistance n. 帮助；协助 [语基护航]　单句语法填空 ❶Having a great deal of teaching experience at a primary school, I do believe that I am qualified to be your assistant (assist) and I can assist you with/in your teaching in China. [落笔华章]　完成句子/语段填空 ❷为了帮助学生们更好地学习汉语，我们学校决定给你们中文班捐赠一些图书。(应用文写作之通知) To__assist__the__students__in__learning/to__learn Chinese better, our school has decided to donate some books to your Chinese class. ❸正当这对双胞胎担心做不出一顿美味的母亲节早餐的时候，他们的父亲来帮助他们了。在父亲的帮助下，双胞胎成功了，他们的脸上洋溢着快乐的笑容。(读后续写之场景描写) When the twins were worried that they couldn't succeed in making a delicious Mother's Day breakfast, their father came__to__their__assistance. With__the__assistance__of__their__father/With__their__father's__assistance,__the twins made it, their faces brimming with happy smiles. 归纳拓展 •assist sb to do/in doing sth 帮助某人做某事 assist sb with/in sth 在某方面帮助某人 •come/go to one's assistance 来/去援助某人 with the assistance of sb＝with sb's assistance 在某人的帮助下 [发散归纳]　表达“帮助某人”的短语还有give sb a hand, do sb a favour 等。 6.tear n. 眼泪；泪水　vt. (tore, torn) 撕破 [语基护航]　写出句中tear的词性及含义 ❶With eyes filled with tears, he tears the letter up. n.__眼泪__vt.__撕破 [落笔华章]　语段填空/句式升级 ❷看着这个绝望的女士，我忍不住掉下了眼泪。眼里噙着泪水，我拥抱她，尽力安慰她。她把头靠在我的肩膀上，突然大哭起来，哭诉着她自己的不幸遭遇。(读后续写之神情/动作描写) Seeing the woman in despair, I couldn't__fight/hold__back__tears．With my eyes in__tears,__I tried to comfort her by hugging her. She rested her head on my shoulder and burst__into__tears，sobbing out the story of her unfortunate experience. ❸David raised his head and stared at me and tears glistened in his eyes.(读后续写之神情/动作描写) →David raised his head and stared at me, tears__glistening__in__his__eyes．(独立主格结构) 归纳拓展 •in tears 流着泪；含着泪 burst into tears 突然大哭起来 fight/hold back tears 强忍住泪水 be close to tears＝be on the verge of tears 快要哭了 be filled with tears＝be brimming with tears 泪流满面 be in floods of tears 大哭；泪如泉涌 •tear down 拆除；摧毁；破坏 tear up 撕碎；毁坏 7.harm n．& vt. 伤害；损害→harmful adj. 有害的→harmless adj. 无害的；不致伤的 [语基护航]　单句语法填空 ❶The physician says that the medicine is harmful to children but harmless to adults.(harm) [落笔华章]　完成句子/一句多译 ❷我用手捂住电话，低声告诉她我没有恶意。(读后续写之动作描写) I cupped my hand over the phone, whispering__to__her__that__I__meant__no__harm. (分词作状语) ❸为了人民的利益，当地政府关闭了一些对环境造成极大危害的工厂。(应用文写作之环境保护) For the benefit of people, the local government closed down some factories which had__done__a__lot__of__harm__to__the__environment． ❹有些男生沉迷于玩电脑游戏，这对他们的健康非常有害。(应用文写作之倡议书) Some boys are addicted to playing computer games, which__is__very__harmful__to__their__health．(定语从句；harmful) ＝Some boys are addicted to playing computer games, causing__great__harm__to__their__health．(分词短语作状语；harm) 归纳拓展 •harm one's health/image/reputation 损害某人的健康/形象/名誉 •do/cause harm to sb＝do/cause sb harm 对某人造成损害/伤害 There is no harm in doing sth 做某事没有害处 mean no harm 无恶意 •be harmful to ... 对……有害 8.a great/good deal (of) 许多(的)；大量(的) [语基护航]　单句语法填空 ❶All of these people gave me a great deal of information I had never heard of. ❷The policeman ran a great deal faster (fast) than the thief and at last caught him. [落笔华章]　完成句子 ❸他花了大量的时间和这些贫困家庭待在一起，而且他从这种经历中学到了很多东西。(读后续写之情节描写) He spent a__great__deal__of__time with the poor families, and he learned__a__great__deal from the experience. 归纳拓展 •a great/good deal of 只能修饰不可数名词。 •a great/good deal 用作副词短语时，可用来修饰形容词或副词比较级来加强程度，也可以用来修饰动词作状语。 •a great/good deal用作名词短语时，意为“大量，许多”，可用来作主语或宾语。 9.“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义 [教材原句]　To a person nothing is more precious than their life, ... [P16] 对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵的了，…… [语基护航]　单句语法填空 ❶I had never spent a more worrying (worry) day than the day when I was waiting for the result of the College Entrance Examination. [落笔华章]　完成句子/句式升级 ❷我深信没有人比我更适合这份志愿者工作。(应用文写作之申请信) I hold the strong belief that nobody__is__more__suitable__for the volunteer job than me. ❸To us, passing on kindness to those in trouble is the most important thing. →To us, nothing__is__more__important__than__passing__on__kindness__to__those__in__trouble． 归纳拓展 （1）“否定词＋比较级”结构,意为“没有比……更……的了；没有像……一样……”,常用的否定词有no, not, never, nothing, nobody, hardly等。 (2) (3)can/could＋never/not＋be＋ 10.the＋序数词＋n.＋to do sth [教材原句]　She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB－GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.[P16] 她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。 [语基护航]　单句语法填空 ❶Mary studied very hard; she is always the first to__come (come) and the last to__leave (leave) the classroom. ❷There was no signal in that faraway village and all attempts to__contact (contact) you failed. [落笔华章]　语段填空 ❸我能说一口流利的英语，而且我是班里唯一一个出国深造的学生。毫无疑问我是负责这项工作的最佳人选。(应用文写作之申请信) I can speak fluent English and I am the__only__student__in__my__class__to__go__abroad for further study. There is no doubt that I am the__best__person__to__be__responsible__for__the__job． ❹约翰是第一个想出做爆米花帮助伯纳德挣外快的人。他相信他有能力帮助伯纳德走出困境。(读后续写之情节描写) John was the__first__person__to__think__of__making__popcorn__to__help Bernard earn some extra money. He was convinced that he had the ability to__help__Bernard__out__of__the__difficulty． 归纳拓展 •此句中的不定式 to be hired ... 作后置定语，修饰名词woman。当中心词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰或前面有the only, the last, the right等，常用动词不定式作后置定语。 •在 time, way, chance, ability, promise, attempt等名词后，常用不定式作后置定语，表示将要发生的动作。 新高考试卷的阅读理解中，每年都会设置1～2道主旨大意题，此类试题旨在考查通过阅读文章正确获取文章主旨，推断文章的主题、标题、段落大意、中心思想的能力，即考查归纳概括以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。此类题目可分为三大类：标题归纳题、段落大意题和文章大意题。其中，标题归纳题是高频题型。标题归纳题的具体策略如下： 限时：6分钟　正确率：________ (2021·全国乙卷·C)You've heard that plastic is polluting the oceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re­examine their relationship to single­use plastic products. At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse，” a pair of 10­foot­tall plastic waves, frozen mid­crash. Made of 168，000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic pollution, but they've recently come under fire because most people don't need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that's part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear. In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate(说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic”， Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10，000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they'd been dumped (倾倒) from a truck all at once. Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint. 语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文。艺术家 Benjamin Von Wong(本杰明·冯·王)关注塑料污染导致的环境问题，他用回收来的废旧塑料制品创作雕塑作品，以期唤起人们对塑料制品的关注，提高人们的环保意识。 1．What are Von Wong's artworks intended for? A．Beautifying the city he lives in. B．Introducing eco­friendly products. C．Drawing public attention to plastic waste. D．Reducing garbage on the beach. 答案：C　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re­examine their relationship to single­use plastic products.”可知，艺术家 Von Wong制作雕塑的目的是迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料制品的关系，即关注塑料废弃物造成的问题。故选C。 2．Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3? A．To show the difficulty of their recycling. B．To explain why they are useful. C．To voice his views on modern art. D．To find a substitute for them. 答案：A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic pollution ... because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled.”可知，全球仅有9%的塑料废弃物被回收利用，而且作者特别说明了塑料吸管因为小和轻而无法被回收。由此可推知，作者在第三段讨论塑料吸管的问题是为了说明塑料吸管回收的困难。故选A。 3．What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers? A．Calming. B．Disturbing. C．Refreshing. D．Challenging. 答案：B　推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可知，Von Wong制作这一作品是想说明人类排放塑料垃圾之快，用作品直观地展现塑料污染的严重性，这会令人不安。故选B。 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Artists' Opinions on Plastic Safety B．Media Interest in Contemporary Art C．Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies D．Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures 答案：D　标题判断题。通读全文可知，作者讲述了艺术家 Von Wong用塑料垃圾制作雕塑以期唤起人们对环保问题的关注的事迹，因此D项(海洋塑料变雕塑)适合作文章标题。故选D。 行文脉络 技法复现 第4题(标题归纳题) 通读全文可知，作者讲述了艺术家 Von Wong用塑料垃圾制作雕塑，以期唤起人们对环保问题的关注的事迹。 纵观选项，A项(艺术家对塑料安全的看法)、B项(媒体对当代艺术的兴趣)、C项(大公司需要承担责任)、D项(海洋塑料变雕塑)可知，只有D项概况精准，能够统领全文，其他几项均偏离文章主旨。故选D。 熟词生义 1．straw n. 熟义：(干燥的)麦秆，稻草；(喝饮料用的)吸管　生义：一文不值的东西 adj. 熟义：稻草(做)的　生义：无价值的 2．fire n. 熟义：火，火灾；射击，火力；炉火，灶火　生义：取暖器；怒火，激情 v. 熟义：射击，开火；点火，启动　生义：解雇，开除；激励；烧制(陶器等) 长难句 For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic”， Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10，000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they'd been dumped (倾倒) from a truck all at once. 译文：在这个名为“一卡车的塑料”的作品中，冯·王和一群志愿者收集了1万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，它们看起来就像是从一辆卡车上一次性倾倒出来的。 分析：主干为Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10，000 pieces of plastic for this work; titled “Truckload of Plastic”为过去分词短语作定语，修饰work; which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词more than 10，000 pieces of plastic，定语从句中还包括一个宾语从句they'd been dumped (倾倒) from a truck all at once。 课时作业 阅读 A 主题 海外志愿者项目 难易度 中 建议用时 6分钟 (2023·重庆万州第二中学高三阶段测试) Four Volunteer Abroad Programs Walking Tree Travel This program offers volunteer projects in English teaching, the environment, community development, etc., in a dozen countries. It has a mission to inspire individuals to become global citizens and take an interest in the world around them. Therefore, it provides trips focusing on volunteer opportunities for high school students that actively engage travelers in global communities. Tanzania: Dance Program On this project, you are invited to Arusha, Tanzania to develop dance workshops for local schools and orphanages (孤儿院). Dance is just one of the many amazing aspects of the primary education system and culture that you'll learn about in Tanzania, and you'll have a wonderful opportunity to volunteer with local children, learn about their culture and dances, and teach them about your culture and background as well. St. Lucia Volunteer Program Through this program, you'll support children who are facing challenges in nutrition, healthcare, and education. In partnership with local schools and community organizations, you'll provide maternal and infant (母婴) support, present childcare workshops to parents, help with early childhood education, teach health and hygiene (卫生) lessons, and many more. Volunteering Journeys This program prides itself on personal attention and tailored experiences for all participants, as well as high－quality service and positions that actively engage scientists, doctors, teachers, and community leaders. Right now, Volunteering Journeys is offering many different opportunities to teen and high school travelers, including family volunteer holidays, summer volunteer programs, and teen－friendly positions on many different projects in Africa and Asia. 语篇导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个海外志愿者项目的情况。 1．What does Walking Tree Travel aim to do? A．Make contributions to improving the environment. B．Advertise English teaching programs in some countries. C．Encourage individuals to have an international outlook. D．Inspire high school students to engage in community development. 答案：C　细节理解题。根据Walking Tree Travel部分中的“It has a mission to inspire individuals to become global citizens and take an interest in the world around them.”可知，Walking Tree Travel的目的是激励个人成为世界公民，并对周围的世界感兴趣，即鼓励个人拥有国际视野。故选C。 2．What might be a requirement for participants in St. Lucia Volunteer Program? A．Showing outstanding leadership. B．Being cautious and sensitive. C．Having rich teaching experience. D．Having knowledge about nutrition and healthcare. 答案：D　细节理解题。根据St.Lucia Volunteer Program部分中的“In partnership with local schools and community organizations ... and many more.”可知，你将与当地学校和社区组织合作，为家长举办儿童保育讲习班，帮助儿童早期教育，教授健康和卫生课程等。由此可知，要求圣卢西亚义工计划的参加者具备营养和保健知识。故选D。 3．Which program would you choose if expecting to communicate with scientists and doctors? A．Walking Tree Travel. B．Volunteering Journeys. C．Tanzania: Dance Program. D．St. Lucia Volunteer Program. 答案：B　细节理解题。根据Volunteering Journeys部分中的“This program prides itself ... and community leaders.”可知，如果你希望与科学家和医生交流，你可以选择Volunteering Journeys。故选B。 B 主题 Charles Foreman (查理斯·福尔曼)的善举 难易度 易 建议用时 7分钟 (2023·广东东莞校联考模拟测试)Every community has an ice cream store, but not all of them have a mission. When Charles Foreman opened his store, Everyday Sundae, he had a goal in mind, “My objective is to make a positive impact in my community by treating people like family and remembering them，” he said. With his business slogan, “A place for community，” Foreman's store has quickly gained a devoted following. Customers visit to enjoy their favorite flavors; artwork and cards from them decorate the walls; and some purchase their paper napkins there to support the store. Foreman has also organized events like storybook readings accompanied by sweet treats for children. What truly sets this business apart is the free ice cream that Foreman generously gives out. “You know when they come in, you can see it. It was natural to notice some of the kids have it and others don't. So I'm going to sponsor them.” Foreman said as he talked about how he can tell when a visitor wants a treat they can't afford. “I just want to do some positive things. I believe my community is missing a family­friendly ice cream shop.” One day, Nicole Harkin, one of his regular customers, noticed Foreman give a free ice cream to children without money. For Foreman, this was a constant gesture that had just gone unnoticed, but Harkin reacted with surprise. She came back and handed him an envelope containing 100 dollars. Foreman was so touched by Harkin's gift that he posted it on Instagram. Foreman and Harkin's kind behaviors also moved other customers to cover Foreman's free ice creams for people they didn't know. Foreman's ice cream fund has received many donations since then. “When you see people doing their best, you want to do your best，” Foreman said. “Everything is contagious,__whether you do something negative or positive. We're supposed to do all we can to help each other.” 语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Charles Foreman (查理斯·福尔曼)开店给社区孩子们免费提供冰激凌的故事。 4．Why was Charles Foreman's store so special? A．It provides free goods to the community. B．It offers children ice cream for free. C．It is a place to show creativity. D．It collects donations from others. 答案：B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“What truly sets this business apart is the free ice cream that Foreman generously gives out.”可知，Charles Foreman的店免费给孩子们提供冰激凌，这是这家店的与众不同之处。故选B。 5．What does Foreman really want to stress in Paragraph 3? A．The motive for his generous action. B．The sympathy for those poor children. C．The urge for an ice cream shop. D．The methods to help those in need. 答案：A　段落大意题。通读第三段可知，第三段主要在讲述Charles Foreman给孩子们免费提供冰激凌的动机——看到一些孩子买不起冰激凌。故选A。 6．Which of the following led to a wider donation for his fund? A．A report on his unnoticed gesture. B．An envelope with a letter in it. C．A post of someone's generous action. D．A game between him and his customer. 答案：C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Foreman was so touched by Harkin's gift that he posted it on Instagram. Foreman and Harkin's kind behaviors also moved other customers to cover Foreman's free ice creams for people they didn't know.”可知，关于Harkin (哈金)慷慨行为的帖子使他的基金得到了更多的捐款。故选C。 7．What does the underlined word “contagious” in the last paragraph mean? A．Critical. B．Influential. C．Precious. D．Optimistic. 答案：B　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文中的“When you see people doing their best, you want to do your best (当你看到人们竭尽全力时，你也想做到最好)”可知，画线词所在句表示任何事情都有感染力。故画线词意为“有传染性的，有感染力的”。故选B。 七选五 主题 好心人帮Harrison (哈里森)参加毕业典礼 难易度 中 建议用时 7分钟 (2024·湖北省六校新高考联盟学校高三联考)Timothy Harrison had planned to attend his high school graduation. He'd even told his manager who runs a Waffle House (a kind of cake shop) that he would take time off. But when the day began, Harrison found himself unable to go there. __1__ Because his family members were working, no one could drive him there. Much to the surprise of his manager Cedric Hampton, Harrison showed up at the Waffle House. __2__ First, he didn't have a way to get to the graduation. Besides, he'd missed out on picking up his cap and gown. Once Hampton heard the details, he immediately organized his Waffle House workers for action. “I could see in his eyes that he really wanted to go, and I was going to get him there no matter what，” Hampton said. “__3__” Within twenty minutes, Harrison was carried to school to bring back his cap and gown and then back at the Waffle House. To his surprise, he also received a new suit of clothes for his high school graduation. __4__ Meanwhile, a couple of generous shoppers contributed as well to help him celebrate this day. Harrison was now properly dressed. __5__ It was a close call, but thanks to Hampton, the soon－to－be graduate just made it. “When I sat down in that hall, it was the best time of my life.” Harrison said. “This is an experience I will value forever. I felt very thankful to my manager and those people who helped me. I'm going to tell my kids about this.” A．Harrison did not know what to do next. B．He should have told me his plan earlier. C．No kid should miss their high school graduation. D．Harrison was thankful to his parents for their efforts. E．It was picked up and paid for by his coworkers. F．The next problem was how to get him to the hall on time. G．The hall in which the event was being held was too far away. 语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位在松饼屋打工的青少年Harrison (哈里森)在好心人的帮助下按时参加了毕业典礼的故事。 1．G　根据上文“But when the day began, Harrison found himself unable to go there.”可知，Harrison不能去毕业典礼。G项(举行活动的大厅太远了。)解释了他不能去的原因，承接上文，符合语境。故选G。 2．A　根据下文“First, he didn't have a way to get to the graduation. Besides, he'd missed out on picking up his cap and gown.”可知，他遇到了一些问题。A项(哈里森不知道下一步该怎么办。)引出下文。故选A。 3．C　根据上文“I could see in his eyes that he really wanted to go, and I was going to get him there no matter what”可知，Hampton说无论如何都要带Harrison去毕业典礼。C项(没有孩子应该错过他们的高中毕业典礼。)解释了他一定要带Harrison去毕业典礼的原因，承接上文，符合语境。故选C。 4．E　根据上文“To his surprise, he also received a new suit of clothes for his high school graduation.”可知，他得到了一套高中毕业时穿的新衣服。E项(它是由他的同事拿来并支付的。)承接上文。故选E。 5．F　根据下文“It was a close call, but thanks to Hampton, the soon－to－be graduate just made it.”可知，时间紧迫。F项(下一个问题是如何准时把他送到大厅。)和下文的时间紧张相呼应，符合语境。故选F。 语法填空 主题 Herman Travis (赫尔曼·特拉维斯)帮助低收入社区的居民 难易度 中 建议用时 9分钟 (2023·甘肃酒泉统考一模)Herman Travis, 55, lives in Holly Courts, a low­income neighborhood in San Francisco __1__ he has not so many possessions. Every Tuesday, Travis fills a shopping cart (购物车) with groceries from a local food bank. Then he makes home deliveries to his elderly and disabled neighbours. He began doing it in 2007 and when he first started, people were doubtful. They didn't welcome it as he had expected. “At first people were __2__ (caution). They didn't let me in.” “However, only after they __3__ (get) to really know me were they pleased to see me eventually. But I wish that I had started doing it earlier.” Travis once told me I am one of Travis' neighbours __4__ receive deliveries from him. To some degree, I depend on him to live my life. Like everyone else, on the one hand, I sincerely appreciate his help, and on the other hand, I expect __5__ (see) the joy Travis gets out of making __6__ (he) rounds. If he didn't come to see me, I should miss him very much now. When we meet with each other on the way, he may stop to chat with me for some time so I know much about him. He often says it is not so stressful a job. Having kept doing such a thing for about fifteen years already, he is admired and respected by everybody. Some people once asked him. “Do you think it is worth doing such kinds of things？” He nodded his head, saying, “I think so.” He's so kind and warm, always __7__ (smile), as if he were doing __8__ favor for his own family. What he does always appeals __9__ other people in nearby neighborhoods that have been trying to poach (挖走) Travis for years. They suggest paying him to go and deliver food for them when they run out of food. But he simply wouldn't do it for money. It might be a small thing that Travis is doing so, but he does that with big love. It's __10__ (spiritual) rewarding for himself. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了55岁的Herman Travis (赫尔曼·特拉维斯)帮助低收入社区中的人们，给他们发放免费食物和水果的事迹。 1．and　考查连词。设空前提到Travis住在一个低收入社区，设空后提到他并没有太多财产。前后文之间为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。 2．cautious　考查词性转换。设空处应用形容词作表语，表示“谨慎的”。故填cautious。 3．got　考查动词的时态。句意：然而，只有在他们真正了解我之后，他们才很高兴见到我。设空处应用动词作谓语。此处表示过去事实，应用一般过去时。故填got。 4．that/who　考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，修饰先行词neighbours，指人，用that或who。故填that/who。 5．to see　考查非谓语动词。expect to do sth意为“期待去做某事”。故填to see。 6．his　考查代词。设空处应用形容词性物主代词作定语。故填his。 7．smiling　考查非谓语动词。句意：他是如此的善良和热情，总是微笑着，好像他在为自己的家人做一件好事。句中is为谓语动词，设空处为现在分词作状语。故填smiling。 8．a　考查冠词。do a favor for sb为固定短语，意为“为某人做好事；帮助某人”。故填a。 9．to　考查介词。句意：他所做的总是吸引附近社区的其他人，这些人多年来一直试图挖走Travis。句中appeal to为固定短语，意为“吸引”。故填to。 10．spiritually　考查词性转换。设空处应用spiritual的副词spiritually作状语，修饰形容词rewarding，意为“精神上地”。故填spiritually。 应用文写作 在2022年8月发生的重庆山火和2023年1月发生的泸定地震中涌现出了很多青年逆行者榜样人物：00后消防员，00后志愿者等。你校正在组织以“We Should Shoulder the Responsibility”为题的英语征文活动，请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括： 1．青年榜样的突出品质； 2．他们对你的影响； 3．呼吁年轻人向他们学习。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：00后post­2000s generation/post­00s We Should Shoulder the Responsibility 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 [写作指导]　本篇作文属于应用文。要求给学校组织的以“We Should Shoulder the Responsibility”为题的英语征文活动投稿，内容包括青年榜样的品质、影响并呼吁学生向他们学习。 [精彩范文] We Should Shoulder the Responsibility Recently many young role models emerged in the mountain fire in Chongqing and the Luding earthquake, in which post­00s firefighters, post­00s volunteers showed their bravery and ambition, especially, their sense of responsibility. What they did made me think about our responsibility. As young people, we have to work hard to serve the country. As a student, we have a responsibility to complete our studies seriously and steadfastly, enduring all kinds of hardship. We should not escape any responsibility of love and care. In a word, all of us young people should learn from them and shoulder our responsibility. [词汇积累]　shoulder v. 担任，肩负；emerge v. 出现，显露；sense of responsibility 责任感； complete v. 完成；steadfastly adv. 踏实地；endure v. 忍受；in a word 总之 [提分句型] 1．What they did made me think about our responsibility. (运用了what引导的主语从句) 2．As a student, we have a responsibility to complete our studies seriously and steadfastly, enduring all kinds of hardship. (运用了现在分词短语作伴随状语) 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$