考点14 主旨大意——段落大意-【金版教程】2025年高考英语一轮总复习首选用卷课件PPT（新教材）

WELCOME UNIT 新高考全题型基础训练 题型一　阅读四选一 WELCOME UNIT 基本功扎实练 考点14　主旨大意——段落大意 (2024·四川省成都市高三质量检测)Some big scientific discoveries aren't actually discovered but borrowed. That's what happened when scientists discovered proteins from an unlikely lender: green algae (绿藻), whose cells are decorated with proteins that can sense light. The light­sensing protein promised the power to control neurons (神经元) by providing a way to turn them on and off. Such ability first noticed in 2002, quickly caught the attention of brain scientists: Nerve cells which were genetically engineered to produce such proteins become light­controlled. A B A 3 flash of light could cause a quiet neuron to send signals or force an active neuron to fall silent. “This is the light sensor that we needed，” says Zhuo­Hua Pan, a scientist searching for a way to control vision cells in mice's eyes. The method is now called optogenetics (光遗传学)． In Pan's lab, light­responsive proteins restored vision in mice with damaged eyesight, a finding that has now led to a medical test on people. Optogenetics' promise wasn't clear in early days, as scientists were first learning how to use these proteins in neurons. “At that time, no one expected that this optogenetic work would have such a huge impact，” Pan says. B A 4 The algae's light sensors have been adopted for use in countless brain research fields. Talia, another scientist, uses optogenetics to study connections between cells in the mouse brain. The method allows her to comb the relationships between cells that produce and respond to dopamine (多巴胺), which might help uncover details about motivation and learning. So far, optogenetics research has taken place mostly in mice. But findings into more complex brains like human brain may soon be confirmed. “We are definitely on the tip of uncovering some fascinating principles of the human brain, such as how the brain transforms signals from the eyes into perceptions，” says Yasmine of Columbia University. B A 5 No matter what happens next in this swiftly moving field, one thing is certain: Brain scientists will be forever in the algae's debt. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们从绿藻中发现能感知光的蛋白质，并利用这些蛋白质进行神经元的控制。 篇章导读 B A 6 1．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The origin of neurons. B．The discovery of green algae. C．The varieties of neurons. D．The inspiration from green algae. 答案：D　段落大意题。此处考查段落大意。根据第二段内容可知，通过基因工程产生这种蛋白质的神经细胞变得光控。一道闪光可以使一个安静的神经元发出信号，或者迫使一个活跃的神经元停止活动。由此可知，本段主要讲述来自绿藻的启发。故选D。 答案 B A 7 2．What can we learn from Pan's research? A．Damaged eyesight is likely to be restored. B．The findings are used to cure brain diseases. C．Relationships between cells have been found. D．The light­sensing protein is the key to the brain. 答案：A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In Pan's lab ... a medical test on people.”可推知，根据Pan (潘)的研究，受损的视力有可能得到恢复。故选A。 答案 B A 8 3．What's Yasmine's attitude towards the future of her research? A．Cautious. B．Confident. C．Critical. D．Unclear. 答案：B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“We are definitely on the tip of uncovering some fascinating principles of the human brain”可推知，Yasmine (亚斯明)对她的研究的未来充满信心。故选B。 答案 B A 9 4．Which section is this text most probably taken from? A．Health. B．Botany. C．Figure. D．Invention. 答案：A　推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了科学家们从绿藻中发现能感知光的蛋白质，并利用这些蛋白质进行神经元的控制，用于人类一些疾病的治疗，由此可推知，该文章来自健康专栏。故选A。 答案 B A 10 (2023·河南省新未来联盟高三联考)This summer, a $2.10 billion energy storage project called Nant de Drance opened in Valais, Switzerland. The project, which some people call a “water battery”， can store more energy than 400，000 car batteries. The system works by gravity. There are two large water reservoirs (水库) high in the Swiss mountains. One is much higher than the other. The two are connected by a system of tunnels. B A 11 When there is too much electricity, Nant de Drance can use that energy to pump water from the lower reservoir to the upper one. As long as the water remains in the upper reservoir, the energy is stored, ready to be used. To produce power, water is released from the upper reservoir. Gravity pulls the water down into the tunnels, where it rushes through six large turbines (涡轮机). The turbines produce electricity, which is sent back out. Though the system is a fairly simple one, building it took 14 years and a lot of effort. The upper reservoir had to be doubled in size. Workers had to create 10.5 miles (17 kilometres) of large tunnels connecting the two B A 12 reservoirs. That meant carving out huge amounts of rock from inside the mountains. The turbines are located over a third of a mile (0.6 kilometres) underground. By 2030, Europe aims to have four times as much power storage as it has now. The Nant de Drance project is a big step in the right direction. The project is far bigger than Switzerland needs on its own, so it's expected to help balance Europe's energy supplies. Nant de Drance can switch between storing energy and producing it in just a few minutes. B A 13 Using water to store and create energy isn't a new idea. But in the past, many pumped water storage projects involved seriously changing or damaging rivers. Because Nant de Drance is almost entirely underground, it's much more friendly to the local environment. As an added bonus, the system is expected to be reliable and shouldn't require much effort to keep going. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了瑞士瓦莱州历经14年终于建成了抽水蓄能电站Nant de Drance，这座价值21亿美元的“水电池”可以为绿色能源提供惊人的支持。 篇章导读 B A 14 1．Why is Nant de Drance called a “water battery”？ A．It uses water to store energy. B．It is mainly powered by water. C．It pumps water from reservoirs. D．It provides electricity for vehicles. 答案：A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When there is too much ... ready to be used.”可知，当电力过多时，Nant de Drance可以利用这些能量将水从下方的水库泵到上方的水库。只要水还留在上方的水库里，能量就被储存起来，随时可以使用。由此可知，Nant de Drance被称为“水电池”是因为它可以利用水来储存能量。故选A。 答案 B A 15 2．What does the system count on to pull the stored water down? A．Turbines. B．Gravity. C．Tunnels. D．Electricity. 答案：B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The system works by gravity.”可知，该系统依靠重力使上方蓄水池的水流入下方蓄水池。故选B。 答案 B A 16 3．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．The main function of Nant de Drance. B．The connection of the two reservoirs. C．The comments on the project. D．The difficulty in building Nant de Drance. 答案：D　段落大意题。此处考查段落大意。根据第三段内容可知， 本段主要讲述建造Nant de Drance 这个项目花费了较长的时间并遇到了许多的困难。故选D。 答案 B A 17 4．What is the author's attitude towards Nant de Drance? A．Objective. B．Concerned. C．Favourable. D．Doubtful. 答案：C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“The Nant de Drance project ... Europe's energy supplies.”和最后一段中的“Because Nant de Drance ... much effort to keep going.”可知，作者讲述了该项目的许多优势，由此可推知，作者对Nant de Drance的态度是赞成的。故选C。 答案 B A 18 R $$