Unit 4 Period Ⅲ Extended reading & Project-【高中必刷题】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第二册同步课件（译林版2020）

03 Period Ⅲ Extended reading & Project Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar 1 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.The students benefiting most from college are those who are totally engaged （参与） in _________ （academy） life.[北京·改编] academic 解析 句意为：从大学中受益最多的学生是那些完全投身于学术生活的人。此处作定语，修饰名词life，意为“学术的”，应用形容词。故填academic。 2.It is _______ （globe） warming that has led to the terrible weather. global 解析 句意为：导致恶劣天气的正是全球变暖。此处作定语修饰warming，应用形容词。故填global。 3.So long as you offer _________ （practice） advice, the committee will get your plan through. practical 解析 句意为：只要你提供切实可行的建议，委员会会让你的计划通过的。此处作定语修饰advice，应用形容词。故填practical。 刷单句填空 2 4.There is no exact _________ （definite） of the word “happiness”; people are happy for all sorts of reasons. definition 解析 句意为：“快乐”这个词没有确切的定义，人们因各种各样的原因而快乐。there be 句型中，应用名词作主语，且设空处前有形容词exact修饰，且be动词为is，故填名词单数definition。 5.He was beginning to get very ________ （annoy） with me about my carelessness. annoyed 解析 句意为：因为我粗心大意，他已开始对我非常恼火了。be/get annoyed with sb about sth为固定搭配，意为“因某事对某人感到恼怒”。 6.Difficult as the sales decline is to control, we’re optimistic ______ an immediate improvement under the new policy. about 解析 句意为：尽管销售下降很难控制，但我们乐观地认为，在新政策之下，这种状况能立刻有所改善。be optimistic about… 意为“对……感到乐观”。故填about。 刷单句填空 3 7.I still believe developing the economy ___ the expense of the environment is no different from killing the goose that lays the golden egg. at 解析 句意为：我仍然认为以牺牲环境为代价来发展经济无异于杀鸡取卵。at the expense of… 意为“以损害……为代价”。故填at。 8.He is pursuing ___ host of reforms, and local groups are trying to support him. a 解析 句意为：他正致力于一系列改革，当地的组织正努力支持他。a host of 意为“许多，大量”。故填a。 刷单句填空 4 9.___________ （consider） the reality, concrete instructions of this machine should be made to allow for higher speeds. Considering 解析 句意为：鉴于实际情况，应制订该机器的具体用法说明，以使机器达到更高的速度。considering为介词，意为“鉴于，考虑到”。故填Considering。 10.It wasn’t long _______ Jane sensed that she had got lost in the unfamiliar forest, which made her feel like sitting on pins and needles. before 解析 句意为：没过多久，简就感觉到自己在这片陌生的森林里迷路了，这让她如坐针毡。it wasn’t long before… 为固定句型，意为“没过多久就……”。故填before。 刷单句填空 5 根据提示补全句子。 1.最让他担心的是农民经常歉收，甚至遭受粮食短缺之苦。（主语从句; concern） ______ __________ _____ ______ _____ _____ farmers often had a poor harvest and even would suffer from food shortages. What concerned him most was that 2.人工智能技术在医疗产业中的应用相较于在自动驾驶领域的应用，还处在初始阶段。（initial） The application of AI technologies in the health care industry ___ _____ ____ ______ ______compared with that in automatic driving. is in/at an initial stage 3.你成功的最大障碍不是缺乏资金，而是缺乏信心。（barrier） _____ _______ _______ ___ _____ ________ is not lack of money, but lack of confidence. 4.他忙于自己的实验，不知道外面的世界发生了什么。（engage） _________ ___ ____ ___________, he has no idea what’s happening in the outside world. The biggest barrier to your success Engaged in his experiment 刷单句表达 6 5.在一个新的环境中学习或工作，在参加讨论或作决定时，你需要有良好的判断力。（join; 状语从句的省略） Learning or working in a new environment, you need to have a good sense of judgement ___________ _______ ___ __________ or making a decision. when/while joining a discussion 刷单句表达 7 【知识拓展】状语从句的省略 在时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中，可以用省略结构。状语从句的省略必须具备两个条件：（1）从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it；（2）从句的谓语中含有be动词。此时可以省略从句的主语和be动词。 刷单句表达 8 [河北沧州部分学校2023高二联考] The earth is warming. The past years are the warmest on record. Greenhouse gases from human activities are responsible for 1.1<m></m> of average warming since 1900.What we’re experiencing is different from the global average. We experience extreme weather—historic droughts, serious heatwaves, violent storms and catastrophic （灾难性的） floods. We won’t feel the impact of our efforts for decades. But we must know our future today so we can act now. To develop the best strategies for adaptation, we need climate models to predict the climate in different regions over decades. Unlike predicting the weather, climate models are multi-decade simulations （模拟） modelling the physics, chemistry and biology of the atmosphere, waters, ice, land and human activities. Greater resolution is needed to model changes in the global climate. Scientists estimate that these resolutions will demand billions of times more computing power than what’s currently available. It would take decades to achieve that through the ordinary course of computing advances. 刷阅读理解 9 For the first time, we have the chance to do that. We can achieve million-x speedups by combining three technologies: GPU-accelerated computing, breakthroughs in physics-informed neural （神经的） networks and AI supercomputers, along with vast quantities of data to learn from. With these techniques, we may have within our grasp the billion-x leap needed to do ultra-high-resolution （超高分辨率的） climate modelling. And with more accurate predictions people and nations will act with more urgency. NVIDIA has announced plans to build the world’s most powerful AI supercomputer used to predict climate change. Named Earth-2, the system would create a digital twin of the Earth. The system would be the climate change counterpart of Cambridge-1, the world’s most powerful AI supercomputer for health care research. 刷阅读理解 10 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了鉴于全球变暖所带来的危害，为了制订最佳的适应策略，NVIDIA计划建造世界上最强大的用于预测气候变化的人工智能超级计算机。 1.What is one of the results of global warming mentioned in the text?( ) D A.Water shortage. B.Loss of coastal cities. C.A rise in sea level. D.Extreme weather. 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的What we’re experiencing is different from the global average.We experience extreme weather—historic droughts, serious heatwaves, violent storms and catastrophic floods.可知，文章提到了全球变暖导致的结果之一就是我们经历了极端天气事件。故选D项。 刷阅读理解 11 2.Why is it difficult to model global climate?( ) C A.It will cost billions of money. B.The climate changes frequently. C.Technology now can’t meet the needs. D.The model of the Earth is too difficult to build. 解析 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，要模拟全球气候变化需要更高的分辨率，普通计算机要发展几十年才能达到这样的计算能力，故目前的计算机技术是不能满足要求的，所以模拟全球气候很困难。故选C项。 刷阅读理解 12 3.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?( ) C A.What advance AI has made recently. B.What makes it hard to model the global climate. C.What makes modelling the global climate possible. D.What scientists’ plan to model the global climate is. 解析 主旨大意题。上文提及因为目前的计算机技术达不到要求，本段讲述了我们可以通过将三种技术和大量数据结合，实现百万倍的加速，即我们有可能解决目前计算机技术不能达到要求这一问题，使得模拟全球气候成为可能，故本段主要讲述了是什么使得模拟全球气候成为可能。故选C项。 刷阅读理解 13 4.What is the text?( ) B A.A travel guide. B.A news report. C.A short story. D.A short notice. 解析 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了鉴于全球变暖所带来的危害，为了制订最佳的适应策略，NVIDIA计划建造世界上最强大的用于预测气候变化的人工智能超级计算机，故推测这是一篇关于科技的新闻报道。故选B项。 刷阅读理解 14 03 Period Ⅲ Extended reading & Project Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练 15 A [江苏前黄高级中学2024适应性考试] For over a decade, Zubin Kanga, a pianist, composer and technologist, has changed the limits of the forms of musical performances. He has both organized and performed shows that have pushed barriers, with motion sensors, artificial intelligence（AI）, live-generated 3D visuals and virtual reality among the technological advancements used to unlock new possibilities of music and performances. Kanga’s approach to employing cutting-edge technology was first informed by the relative limitations of his chosen instrument. “The piano is a very accurate technology,” he says. “From the early 20th century till now it hasn’t really changed at all. It’s an amazing instrument, but it does have certain limitations in terms of the types of sound you can create.” One of the early works is Steel on Bone, composed by Kanga himself. He performs the piece using MiMU multi-sensor gloves. “I can put up one finger, and that’ll produce a particular sound,” Kanga explains. “And then I can control that sound just by moving my wrist through the air—I can do that with lots of different gestures.” 刷阅读理解 16 “In Steel on Bone, I’m actually playing inside the piano with these steel knitting （编织） needles, and getting all these interesting effects on the strings. Then I’m using samples of them. Sometimes I’m using live delays and operating them. The sound can change depending on how my hands are moving. It allows me to make a very theatrical piece, and people can see this immediate connection between how I’m moving—these very big, almost conductor-like gestures through the air—and the way the sound is changing,” said Kanga. This is just the start, and Kanga goes on to be enthused with the use of motion sensors to make music, the possibilities that AI offers composers as a tool, and how virtual reality could transform performances and more. 刷阅读理解 17 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了钢琴家、作曲家和技术专家祖宾·坎加是如何利用先进技术改变音乐表现形式的。 1.What do technological advancements do for music and performances?( ) B A.Remove music barriers. B.Bring new performance forms. C.Popularize musical performances. D.Make performances professional. 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，坎加利用先进技术为音乐和表演打开了新的可能性，突破了音乐表演形式的限制。由此可知，技术进步为音乐和表演带来了新的表现形式。故选B项。 刷阅读理解 18 2.Why does Kanga talk about the piano in Paragraph 2?( ) D A.To indicate its stability. B.To prove its rare accuracy. C.To show it has a long history. D.To clarify why he uses technology. 解析 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可知，坎加使用的技术方法考虑到了乐器的局限性，接着下文but it does have certain limitations in terms of the types of sound you can create提到钢琴在音乐表现形式上存在局限，所以坎加在第二段谈到钢琴是为了阐明他为什么使用技术。故选D项。 刷阅读理解 19 3.How does Kanga perform Steel on Bone?( ) A A.By moving his hands in the air. B.By pressing the piano keys. C.By beating the steel knitting needles. D.By making very small gestures. 解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的And then I can control that sound just by moving my wrist through the air—I can do that with lots of different gestures.可知，坎加通过在空中移动双手来表演Steel on Bone这一音乐作品。故选A项。 刷阅读理解 20 4.Which can be the best title for the text?( ) C A.Technology: When It Replaces Music B.Virtual Reality: the Future of Performances C.Zubin Kanga: When Music Meets Technology D.AI Music: From Composing to Performing 解析 主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段内容可知，本文主要介绍了技术进步为音乐和表演带来了新的表现形式，坎加利用技术进步创造了新的音乐表演形式，所以C项（祖宾·坎加：当音乐与技术相遇）适合作为文章标题。 刷阅读理解 21 进阶词汇 1.theatrical adj. 戏剧的；夸张的 2.enthuse vt. 使热衷；使热心；使激动 熟词生义 employ 熟义：vt. 雇用 生义：vt. 应用；运用；使用 刷阅读理解 22 B [全国新高考Ⅰ2023年1月·浙江] A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion. Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knows what it’s talking about.” 刷阅读理解 23 What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they mean. Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from machines. And that’s why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence. 刷阅读理解 24 【语篇导读】本文主要论述的是虽然在辩论中战胜人类的名为Project Debater的软件程序很惊人，但是人工智能无法取代人类的理解能力。 1.Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph?( ) B A.To explain the use of a software program. B.To show the cleverness of Project Debater. C.To introduce the designer of Project Debater. D.To emphasize the fairness of the competition. 解析 推理判断题。第一段第一句A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate.说明一台机器现在不仅可以在国际象棋上击败你，还可以在辩论中超越你。接下来，举例介绍名为Project Debater的软件程序甚至击败了以色列前全国辩论冠军诺亚·奥瓦迪亚，由此可推知，作者提到诺亚·奥瓦迪亚的目的是显示Project Debater软件程序的聪明。故选B项。 刷阅读理解 25 2.What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to?( ) C A.Arguments. B.Doubts. C.Errors. D.Differences. 解析 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses.It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together.This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make.可知，该段主要介绍了Project Debater软件程序的缺点，结合画线词前提到的errors及后面的will no doubt be ironed out（毫无疑问将被解决）可知，画线词所在分句表示“这样的错误毫无疑问将被解决”，故选C项。wrinkle作名词时意为“皱纹”，作动词时意为“起皱”，此处引申为“瑕疵，错误”。 刷阅读理解 26 3.What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond?( ) B A.Create rules. B.Comprehend meaning. C.Talk fluently. D.Identify difficult words. 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第四、五句But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant.可知，Project Debater软件程序无法理解符号的意义，这些意义对它也无关紧要。故选B项。 刷阅读理解 27 4.What can we learn from the last paragraph?( ) A A.Social interaction is key to understanding symbols. B.The human brain has potential yet to be developed. C.Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters. D.Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future. 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads.可知，意义是通过社会互动的过程产生的，这种互动塑造了我们头脑中符号的内容。由此可知，从最后一段中我们能了解到社会互动是理解符号的关键。故选A项。 刷阅读理解 28 长难句分析 句意：哈蒙德所指的是意义问题，而意义是区分最不聪明的人类和最聪明的机器的核心。 刷阅读理解 29 核心词汇 1.opponent n. 对手；竞争者 2.irrelevant adj. 不相关的；无关紧要的 进阶词汇 1.outperform vt. 超过，胜过 2.specify vt. 具体说明；明确规定；详述 刷阅读理解 30 [安徽部分学校2023联考] Shortly after I placed an online order, a driverless car pulled up beside me. Once I . .1. . the car, I was asked to scan the QR code to show I was the person who had ordered the taxi. Then I had to . .2. . my seat belt. The car had sensors which wouldn’t let it . .3. . with anyone unfastened. When I was . .4. ., the car pulled out by itself. Even though I was running on what looked like a（n） . .5. . road, with normal traffic all around, the road here was special. It was fitted with sensors and . .6. . mapped, allowing the car to take me to my . .7. . safely. The ride was . .8. . and uneventful, and I was even asked to rate my . .9. . in the app in the end. I knew I was rating an AI driver. I was quite satisfied with it . .10. . I gave five stars. 刷完形填空 31 Since the . .11. . licence for testing driverless cars was issued in 2018, dozens of cities have set up test roads that . .12. . AI-driven cars to take to the streets. But there’s a problem with these cars: They’re still not allowed to operate without a human behind the wheel to take control of the cars in case of . .13. .. In the near future, they think these types of . .14. . will truly be fully driverless, so you have time to get used to the idea whether it’s something that . .15. . you. 刷完形填空 32 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者乘坐无人驾驶汽车的一次经历。 1.( ) A.turned on B.took apart C.got in D.pulled over C 解析 根据上文Shortly after I placed an online order, a driverless car pulled up beside me.可知，作者下单之后，很快便有汽车过来接他，于是他上了车。get in the car意为“上车”，符合语境。turn on意为“打开”；take apart意为“拆开”；pull over意为“向路边停靠”。 2.( ) A.fasten B.find C.buy D.clean A 解析 根据下文with anyone unfastened可知，此处表示必须系好安全带。故选A。 3.( ) A.open B.agree C.stop D.leave D 解析 根据上文Then I had to____ my seat belt.可知，此处表示如果汽车检测到乘客未系安全带，则不会让汽车发动。故选D。 刷完形填空 33 4.( ) A.sick B.ready C.asleep D.amazed B 解析 根据上文Then I had to ____ my seat belt.可知，此处表示如果汽车检测到乘客未系安全带，则不会让汽车发动。再根据下文the car pulled out by itself可知，作者系好安全带即已经准备好了，车才启动。故选B。 5.( ) A.wide B.dirty C.ancient D.ordinary D 解析 根据下文with normal traffic all around可知，作者行驶在一条普通的道路上。故选D。 6.( ) A.secretly B.digitally C.occasionally D.barely B 解析 根据上文It was fitted with sensors可知，这是一辆智能汽车，因此它的行驶轨迹由数字地图规划。故选B。 7.( ) A.destination B.room C.boss D.field A 解析 根据上文Shortly after I placed an online order, a driverless car pulled up beside me.可知，作者预订汽车之后，汽车过来接他，把他带到目的地。故选A。 刷完形填空 34 8.( ) A.expensive B.dangerous C.smooth D.tiring C 解析 根据下文and uneventful可知，此处与uneventful是并列关系，表示一路上很顺利，平安无事。故选C。 9.( ) A.performance B.trip C.service D.result B 解析 根据上文The ride was ____ and uneventful可知，智能汽车将作者安全地带到了目的地，因此这是一次短途的旅程。故选B。 10.( ) A.while B.if C.so D.though C 解析 根据上文The ride was ____ and uneventful和quite satisfied可知，作者的此次旅程很顺利，作者对服务很满意，因此给予了五颗星评价。故选C。 11.( ) A.first B.only C.renewed D.profitable A 解析 根据下文for testing driverless cars was issued in 2018和dozens of cities have set up test roads可知，这是第一张测试许可证。故选A。 刷完形填空 35 12.( ) A.forbid B.send C.require D.allow D 解析 根据上文for testing driverless cars was issued in 2018可知，颁发无人驾驶许可证之后，人工智能驱动汽车被允许在测试道路上行驶。故选D。 13.( ) A.loss B.failure C.illness D.death B 解析 根据上文They’re still not allowed to operate without a human behind the wheel to take control of the cars可知，人工智能驱动汽车必须要有人操控其方向盘才能上路行驶，以免汽车发生故障。故选B。 14.( ) A.ships B.arrangements C.planes D.vehicles D 解析 根据上文But there’s a problem with these cars可知，此处说的应是汽车。故选D。 15.( ) A.benefits B.abandons C.scares D.annoys C 解析 根据上文fully driverless和have time to get used to the idea可知，完全实现无人化的汽车与我们惯于乘坐的常规的汽车不同，可能会引起人们的害怕和担忧。故选C。 刷完形填空 36 $$