Unit 4 Period Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading-【高中必刷题】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第二册同步课件（译林版2020）

英语 选择性必修 第二册 YL 1 选择性必修第二册 Unit 4 Living with technology 2 01 Period Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar 3 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.It had a small brain, __________ （apparent） walked upright, and had teeth more like those of a human than an ape. apparently 解析 句意为：它的大脑容量小，明显直立行走，且其牙齿与猿类的牙齿相比更像人类的牙齿。此处修饰动词作状语，应用副词。故填apparently。 2.Compared to his _______ （greed） brother, he has won many friends for his generosity. greedy 解析 句意为：与他贪婪的兄弟相比，他因慷慨而赢得了许多朋友。设空处作定语修饰名词brother，应用形容词。故填greedy。 3.Many of those interviewed said their hometown had changed beyond ___________ （recognize） over the past five years. recognition 解析 句意为：许多接受采访的人说，他们的家乡在过去五年间变得认不出来了。此处作介词的宾语，应用名词。beyond recognition 意为“面目全非；识别不出”。故填recognition。 刷单句填空 4 4.They can ________ （threat） some native species or even destroy and replace them. threaten 解析 句意为：它们可以威胁一些当地物种，甚至摧毁和取代这些物种。设空处是谓语的一部分，位于情态动词can后，应用动词原形。故填threaten。 5.New York is also a major international _________ （finance） centre. financial 解析 句意为：纽约也是一个重要的国际金融中心。此处应填形容词financial来修饰centre这一名词。 6.We were beginning the class when he broke _____ the classroom. into 解析 句意为：我们正要开始上课，这时他突然闯进了教室。break into 为固定搭配，意为“强行、突然闯入……”。 7.The new airport will have the capacity __________ （handle） 500,000 passengers. to handle 解析 句意为：新机场将能容纳旅客50万人次。have the capacity to do sth意为“有能力做某事”。故填to handle。 刷单句填空 5 8.His story soon attracted more readers whose comments urged him ________ （post） more. to post 解析 句意为：他的故事很快吸引了更多的读者，他们的评论敦促他发表更多的作品。urge sb to do sth意为“敦促某人做某事”，为固定用法。故填to post。 9.She demanded that the report _____________________ （write） immediately after the experiment was done. （should） be written 解析 句意为：她要求实验完成后立即写报告。demand意为“要求”，后接从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略，且从句主语the report与write之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填（should） be written。 10.There is growing concern _____ uncontrolled tourism is placing too large a burden on this small island. that 解析 句意为：人们越来越担心无节制的旅游业正给这座小岛造成太大负担。设空处引导同位语从句，解释concern的内容，从句句意完整，不缺少任何成分，应填that。 刷单句填空 6 根据提示补全句子。 1.这项技术在公共场所尤其有用，略举几个例子来说，如银行、机场和火车站。（name） This technology is especially useful in public places: banks, airports and railway stations, ___ ______ ____ ___ _____. to name but a few 2.虚拟世界为我们提供了另一种看待社会可能如何运转的视角。（alternative） The virtual world _____________ ___ __________ __________ ___ the vision of how society might work. offers/offered us an/another alternative to 3.策划犯罪的两名嫌疑人已被逮捕。（commit） The two suspects who had hatched a plot to ________ ___ ______ were under arrest. 4.人造心脏的发明标志着一个转折点。（turn） The invention of artificial hearts _____________ ___ _______ ______. commit a crime marked/marks a turning point 5.从这个意义上说，科学家们在治疗这种疾病方面取得了显著的突破。（remarkable） In this sense, scientists have ______________ ___ ___________ ____________ in treating the disease. made/achieved a remarkable breakthrough 刷单句表达 7 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Artificial intelligence （AI） technology has received more and more attention with its development. AI is 1. . branch of computer science that aims 2. . （create） intelligent machines. The development of computers since the 1940s 3. . （make） the dream of AI a reality. Since the field of AI was 4. . （official） founded in the mid-1950s, people have been predicting the rise in intelligent machines. However, AI technology developed very slowly for a long time. Not until 1997, 5. . Deep Blue, a chess-playing computer, defeated the world chess champion, did AI make a major breakthrough. In 2017, Ke Jie 6. . （beat）by a computer program named AlphaGo, marking a significant advance in deep-learning AI systems. a to create has made officially when was beaten 刷课文改编填空 8 AI is currently being applied in many fields, 7. . （transform） the way we live. Although supporters think intelligent robots will be working to our advantage in the future, these undoubted benefits also bring concerns and fears. Where will all this lead? Will we fall victim 8. . AI? What if that happens? Such 9. . （warning） deserve our attention. Indeed, it is cool to send a robot to do all the work for us, but we shouldn’t be too 10. . （greed） and rather be careful what we wish for. transforming to warnings greedy 刷课文改编填空 9 1.___ a 解析 branch是可数名词，此处是指一个分支，所以应用不定冠词修饰；branch的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 2._________ to create 解析 aim to do sth意为“力争做到某事”。 3.__________ has made 解析 根据时间状语since the 1940s可知，此处表示发生在过去的动作，一直持续到现在，并对现在造成影响，应用现在完成时。 刷课文改编填空 10 4._________ officially 解析 此处修饰动词作状语，应用副词。 5.______ when 解析 ____ Deep Blue… defeated the world chess champion是定语从句，先行词是1997， 关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，所以应用关系副词when。故填when。 解析 设空处在此是谓语动词，beat与主语之间是被动关系，叙述的是过去的动作，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was beaten。 6.___________ was beaten 刷课文改编填空 11 7.____________ transforming 解析 主句中已有谓语动词，设空处应用非谓语动词作状语，transform与主句的主语AI之间是逻辑上的主动关系，所以应用现在分词。故填transforming。 8.___ to 解析 fall victim to sb/sth为固定搭配，意为“被某人/某物加害”。 9._________ warnings 解析 warning 作“（就可能发生的意外等提出的）警告”讲时，既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词，后面的谓语动词用的是原形，所以此处应用复数形式。故填warnings。 10._______ greedy 解析 此处作表语，应用形容词。 刷课文改编填空 12 [湖南师大附中2023高二月考] 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As motion control technologies have advanced, surgical-assistance robots have become more accurate. Some robots may even be able to complete tasks 1. .（autonomous）, allowing surgeons to oversee procedures from an operation desk. Surgery 2. . （perform） with robotics assistance falls into two main categories: minimally invasive surgery for the torso and orthopaedic （矫形外科的） surgery. The ability to share a video feed from the operating room to other locations, near or far, 3. . （allow） surgeons to benefit from other 4. . （specialist） in their field. As a result, patients have the best surgeons involved in their procedures. autonomously performed allows specialists 刷语法填空 13 The field of surgical robotics is evolving to make greater use of AI.Computer vision enables surgical robots 5. . （distinguish） between types of cells within their field of view. For example, 6. . surgical robots now have is the ability to help surgeons avoid nerves and muscles during procedures. High-definition 3D computer vision can provide surgeons 7. . detailed information and enhanced performance during procedures. Eventually, robots will be able to take over small sub-procedures, such as 8. . （sew）up the open parts of a wound, under the watchful gaze of the surgeon. Robotics also plays 9. . key role in surgeon education. Such platforms use AI and virtual reality to provide surgical robotics training 10. . surgeons practise procedures and sharpen skills using robotics controls. to distinguish what with sewing a where 刷语法填空 14 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了随着运动控制技术的进步，辅助外科手术的机器人在医疗领域获得的进步及其发展情况。 1._____________ autonomously 解析 此处修饰动词complete，应用副词作状语。故填autonomously。 2.__________ performed 解析 句意为：由机器人辅助完成的外科手术主要分为两类：人体躯干微创手术和矫形外科手术。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语falls into，设空处应用非谓语动词形式，修饰主语Surgery，作后置定语；perform在此处为及物动词，意为“做；执行”，和Surgery之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词形式。故填performed。 3._______ allows 解析 设空处在句中作谓语，此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；句子主语是The ability，为第三人称单数形式，谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式；结合语境可知，allow与主语之间为主动关系。故填allows。 刷语法填空 15 4.__________ specialists 解析 句意为：无论距离远近，将视频从手术室共享到其他位置的传输能力使外科医生能够从其领域的其他专家那里获益。specialist意为“专家”，为可数名词，other后应跟可数名词复数形式。故填specialists。 5._____________ to distinguish 解析 句意为：计算机视觉使手术机器人能够区分其视野范围内不同类型的细胞。enable… to do sth为固定搭配，意为“使……能够做某事；使……做某事成为可能”。故填to distinguish。 刷语法填空 16 6.______ what 解析 句意为：例如，手术机器人现在有能力帮助外科医生在手术过程中避开神经和肌肉。设空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少谓语动词have的宾语，此处表示“……的事物”，应用what引导该从句。故填what。 刷语法填空 17 【知识拓展】what引导名词性从句的含义 （1）表示“……的东西或事情”（what=the thing that）。如：They’ve done what they can to help her.他们已经尽力帮助了她。（2）表示“……的人；……的样子”。如：He is no longer what he was.他已经不是以前的那个样子了。（3）表示“……的数量或数目”（what=the amount that）。如：Our income is now double what it was ten years ago.我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。（4）表示“……的时间”（what=the time that）。如：After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。（5）表示“……的地方”（what=the place that）。如：This is what they call Salt Lake City.这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。 刷语法填空 7._____ with 解析 句意为：高清的3D计算机视觉可以在手术过程中为外科医生提供详细信息和更好的手术表现。provide sb with sth意为“给某人提供某物”，为固定搭配。故填with。 8._______ sewing 解析 such as意为“例如”，其中的as为介词，所以此处应用sew的动名词形式作宾语。故填sewing。 9.___ a 解析 play a role in… 为固定搭配，意为“在……中发挥作用”，且key的发音以辅音音素开头，所以应填不定冠词a。故填a。 10._______ where 解析 分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词training，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 刷语法填空 19 01 Period Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练 20 A [湖北黄冈2024调研] The daughter of a romantic poet and occasional freedom fighter, Ada Lovelace had a famous but absent father. She never knew Lord Byron, as just weeks after her birth in 1815, he divorced her mother Isabella Milbanke Byron and left to fight in the Greek War of Independence. In an effort to prevent Ada from developing her father’s unpredictable temper, Isabella decided that her daughter should devote her life to study. Ada studied hard despite the fact that society did not encourage women to pursue interest in science at the time. Her life changed when she met inventor Charles Babbage at a party. As he demonstrated a working section of his mechanical calculator, Ada was taken in by how it worked and wanted to know more. Impressed by the 17-year-old’s obvious passion, Babbage became her tutor. Ada married in 1835 and became a mother, but she continued to take an active interest in study, socialising in intellectual circles with the likes of Charles Dickens and Michael Faraday. 刷阅读理解 21 Ada stayed in contact with Babbage, who in 1837 had proposed a new machine, the analytical engine. In 1843, Ada was asked to translate a French text written by engineer Luigi Menabrea about Babbage’s new design. After completing the translation, Ada was encouraged by Babbage to write her own notes on his work. After nine months of hard work, Ada presented Babbage with a detailed list of notes that was three times longer than the original article. In her calculations, Ada wrote what are considered the first-ever computer algorithms to be used in a new type of machine. She essentially provided the first ideas for computer programming in what was a groundbreaking proposal on the potential of computers. Ada died of cancer aged only 36 and her work was largely recognised until the 1950s when her notes were republished. In 1979 the U.S.Department of Defense named a programming language “Ada” in her honour. 刷阅读理解 22 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了计算机先驱阿达·洛芙莱斯的个人经历以及所取得的成就。 1.What can we learn about Ada from the first paragraph?( ) B A.She had a devoted father. B.Her mother raised her alone. C.She had an uncontrollable temper. D.Her parents divorced before her birth. 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的Ada Lovelace had a famous but absent father和as just weeks after her birth in 1815, he divorced her mother Isabella Milbanke Byron 可知，阿达的父亲在她出生数周后就和她的母亲离婚了，阿达从未见过自己的父亲。因此可以判断她是由母亲独自抚养长大的。故选B项。 刷阅读理解 23 2.Who aroused Ada’s interest in mathematics and computer engineering?( ) D A.Charles Dickens. B.Michael Faraday. C.Luigi Menabrea. D.Charles Babbage. 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Her life changed when she met inventor Charles Babbage at a party… Impressed by the 17-year-old’s obvious passion, Babbage became her tutor.可知，查尔斯·巴贝奇演示的机械计算器工作区段吸引了阿达，激起了她对数学和计算机工程的兴趣。故选D项。 刷阅读理解 24 3.Which words can best describe Ada?( ) B A.Modest and outgoing. B.Talented and diligent. C.Generous and considerate. D.Determined and independent. 解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的Ada studied hard despite the fact that society did not encourage women to pursue interest in science at the time.和最后一句以及第四段中的In her calculations, Ada wrote what are considered the first-ever computer… what was a groundbreaking proposal on the potential of computers.可知，阿达在学习上很刻苦，而且一直对学习抱有浓厚的兴趣；阿达在笔记中写到的计算机算法基本上为计算机编程提供了最初想法，这是对计算机潜力的开创性建议，说明她极有天赋。故选B项。 刷阅读理解 25 【易错警示】本题干扰项为D项。虽然determined（坚定的）可以用来形容阿达，但independent（独立的）这一品质并未在文中有所体现，所以D项不准确。 刷阅读理解 4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?( ) C A.Ada’s notes were published only once. B.Ada named a programming language after herself. C.Ada earned a reputation nearly a century after her death. D.Ada’s work was largely recognised when she was alive. 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段得知阿达出生于1815年。根据最后一段中的Ada died of cancer aged only 36 and her work was largely recognised until the 1950s when her notes were republished.得知，在20世纪50年代阿达生前留下的笔记被重新公布，也就是她去世将近一个世纪后她的贡献才广为人知。故选C项。 刷阅读理解 27 进阶词汇 groundbreaking adj. 开创性的；创新的；革新的 熟词生义 circle 熟义：n. 圆形；圈 vt. 圈出；在……上画圈 生义：n. 圈子；界 刷阅读理解 28 B [江苏五市十一校2024高二阶段联测] An electronic “tongue” that can potentially replicate （复制） human preferences for certain foods is in development. This breakthrough comes as researchers aim to integrate emotional intelligence into artificial intelligence（AI）. AI has advanced significantly over the years. However, its current models largely disregard human psychology, such as emotional intelligence. “The main focus of our work was how we could bring the emotional part of intelligence to AI,” says Saptarshi Das, associate professor at Penn State. “Human behaviour is easy to observe but difficult to measure and that makes it difficult to replicate in a robot and make it emotionally intelligent. There is no real way right now to do that.” 刷阅读理解 29 Eating habits serve as a prime example of this emotional intelligence. While hunger is the physiological drive to eat, our choices of what to eat are influenced by our sense of taste. As Das explains, even when one is not hungry, the psychological desire can drive him or her to consume a sweet treat, rather than a piece of meat. To grasp the complicated details of taste, Penn State researchers looked to the human tongue, which translates chemical data into electrical signals sent to the brain’s gustatory cortex （味觉皮层）. In this brain region, complex neuronal networks shape our sense of taste. To imitate this, the team created an electronic “tongue”. 刷阅读理解 30 This technology can be adapted to recognize all primary taste profiles, from sweet and salty to umami（鲜味的）. Looking ahead, the researchers see numerous applications, including AI-designed diets based on emotional preferences or tailored restaurant meal suggestions. The team’s immediate goal is to expand the electronic tongue’s capacity. “We are trying to imitate the 10,000 or so taste receptors we have on our tongue that are each slightly different compared to the others, which enables us to distinguish between small differences in tastes,” says Das. “The example I think of is people who train their tongue and become a wine taster. Perhaps in the future, we can have an AI system that you can train to be an even better wine taster.” Beyond taste, the team wants to broaden this concept to other senses, leading to a more comprehensive and emotionally intelligent AI system. 刷阅读理解 31 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员创造了一种电子“舌头”，赋予人工智能人类味觉。这项技术可以用来识别所有主要的味道特征，包括甜味、咸味和鲜味。 1.What can be learnt from Paragraph 2?( ) A A.It is hard to make robots emotionally intelligent. B.It is necessary to make robots emotionally intelligent. C.Emotional intelligence is complex and difficult to observe. D.Few researchers pay attention to emotional intelligence of AI. 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Human behaviour is easy to observe but difficult to measure and that makes it difficult to replicate in a robot and make it emotionally intelligent. There is no real way right now to do that.可知，很难使机器人具有情商。 刷阅读理解 32 2.What might this electronic “tongue” be applied to in the future?( ) D A.Evaluating people’s diet plans. B.Designing a healthier diet plan for people. C.Correcting people’s poor dietary preferences. D.Helping restaurants serve customers better. 解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的Looking ahead, the researchers see numerous applications, including AI-designed diets based on emotional preferences or tailored restaurant meal suggestions.可知，这种电子“舌头”将来会帮助餐馆更好地为顾客服务。 刷阅读理解 33 3.What is the team’s plan according to the last two paragraphs?( ) A A.Bringing more human senses into the AI system. B.Making the electronic “tongue” available for everyone. C.Improving people’s taste sensitivity with the electronic “tongue”. D.Attracting the attention of other researchers to AI’s innovation. 解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的The team’s immediate goal is to expand the electronic tongue’s capacity.以及最后一段内容可知，该团队的计划是将更多人类感官引入人工智能系统。 刷阅读理解 34 4.What is the text mainly about?( ) C A.The future development trend of AI. B.The advantage of the electronic “tongue”. C.The progress in giving human taste to AI. D.The big role of AI in developing emotional intelligence. 解析 主旨大意题。根据文章第一句An electronic “tongue” that can potentially replicate human preferences for certain foods is in development.可知，研究人员目前正在开发一种电子“舌头”，下文介绍了这项技术可用于识别甜味、咸味、鲜味等所有主要味觉特征，还提到了这项技术的应用前景。因此本文主要内容是在赋予人工智能人类味觉方面取得的进展。 刷阅读理解 35 长难句分析 句意：为了掌握味觉的复杂细节，宾夕法尼亚州立大学的研究人员开始关注人类的舌头，它将化学数据转化为电信号，发送到大脑的味觉皮层。 刷阅读理解 36 核心词汇 1.look to 注意，考虑（改进） 2.imitate vt. 模仿；仿效 熟词生义 consume 熟义：vt. 消耗；消费 生义：vt. 吃；喝；饮 构词法 dis- prefix 不；非；相反；相对 disregard vt. 不理会；不顾；漠视 刷阅读理解 37 [湖北十堰六校协作体2023高二联考] Humans have little difficulty recognizing one another. We may not remember a name, but we can usually remember if we’ve seen a face. And we know that no two faces are exactly the same. 1. . And now we’ve invented machines that are able to recognize faces, which they are doing for innumerable purposes at lightning speed. Governments, employers and police services are using facial recognition technology. 2. . Systems are becoming so competent that a wanted criminal can quickly be picked out in a crowd of thousands of people. Ordinary people, too, are using facial recognition to unlock their phones, their computers and other devices. 3. . According to Apple, for example, there is only one chance in a million that a face other than your own could unlock your iPhone. 4. . It is instantaneous（即时的）, and it frees us from the need to memorize passwords or personal identification numbers （PINs）. However, a device will require a passcode in the rare event it doesn’t, for whatever reason, recognize the user’s face. B C A E 刷7选5 38 There are also numerous concerns about the use of facial recognition. 5. . The installation （安装）of more and more cameras in public and private places is now a part of everyday life. Those cameras are being linked with image databases. This means people can be recognized wherever they go and whatever they do. A.Such systems are quite safe. B.Even twins’ faces have some differences. C.This allows them to quickly recognize someone’s identity. D.Primarily, the concern is that it has an influence on privacy. E.Personal facial recognition protection has several advantages. F.Facial recognition systems are being trained to use less facial data. G.In most examples the pictures were not taken in a controlled environment. D 刷7选5 39 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了面部识别技术的好处和人们对这项技术的担忧。 1.___ B 解析 空前提及没有两张脸是完全相同的，B项（即使是双胞胎的脸也有一些不同）进一步说明没有两张脸是完全相同的，和上文内容相呼应，承接上文，符合语境。 2.___ C 解析 根据设空处前后内容可知，设空处应介绍面部识别技术的好处，C项（这使他们能够快速识别某人的身份）中的This指代上文中的facial recognition technology，说明了使用面部识别技术的好处，承接上文并引起下文，符合语境。 刷7选5 40 【方法总结】代词线索法 英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词通常用于指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系并根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。如：C项中的This指代上文中的facial recognition technology，因此C项说明了使用面部识别技术的好处。 刷7选5 3.___ A 解析 空前的Ordinary people, too, are using facial recognition to unlock their phones, their computers and other devices.介绍了普通人也在使用面部识别技术来解锁手机、电脑和其他设备，这说明使用面部识别技术解锁设备是很安全的，A项（这样的系统是相当安全的）中的Such systems指代的是面部识别系统，说明人们使用面部识别技术来解锁设备是安全的，与空后的“除了你自己的脸以外，还有一张脸可以解锁你的iPhone，这种情况的可能性只有百万分之一”相呼应，因此A项符合语境。 刷7选5 42 4.___ E 解析 空后说它是即时的，它使我们不需要记住密码或个人身份识别号码，因此本段主要讲的是面部识别技术的好处，E项（个人面部识别保护有几个优点）引起下文，符合语境。 5.___ D 解析 空前提到人们对面部识别技术的使用也有很多担忧，D项（人们主要担心的是它会影响隐私）中的concern和前文中的concerns相呼应，同时也引起下文对“公共和私人场所安装摄像头以及随时都能发现人们的行踪”等隐私内容的描述，说明了人们对面部识别技术最主要的担忧，承接上文且引起下文，符合语境。 刷7选5 43 $$