Unit 3 Period Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading-【高中必刷题】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第二册同步课件（译林版2020）

英语 选择性必修 第二册 YL 1 选择性必修第二册 Unit 3 Fit for life 2 01 Period Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar 3 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.Since the infection only occurs in humans, the virus is __________ （ultimate） transmitted from person to person. ultimately 解析 句意为：由于感染只发生在人类身上，这种病毒最终会在人与人之间传播。修饰动词应用副词。故填 ultimately。 2.The irrational proposal met with strong __________ （resist） from all participants. resistance 解析 句意为：这一不合理的提议遭到了全体参与者的强烈反对。此处在句中作met with的宾语，且前面有形容词修饰，应用名词。resistance在此意为“反对；抵制”，是不可数名词。故填resistance。 刷单句填空 4 3.In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost lifelike, who __________ （special） in painting. specilized 解析 句意为：中国古代有一位专门从事绘画的艺术家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。设空处在who引导的定语从句中作谓语，应用动词specialize；根据句中的In ancient China、lived和were可知，该从句也应用一般过去时。故填specilized。 4.Regular visits to your doctor can help you to ________ （identity） health warning signs. identify 解析 句意为：定期去看医生可以帮助你发现健康预警信号。help sb to do sth为固定搭配，不定式作宾语补足语，to为不定式符号，所以此处应用动词原形。故填identify。 5.Submission of reader comments is restricted ___ the club members only. to 解析 句意为：仅限俱乐部会员提交读者意见。be restricted to意为“限于，局限于”。故填to。 刷单句填空 5 6.The staff had to wrestle _____ lots of uncertainties at peak periods. with 解析 句意为：高峰时期，工作人员不得不努力应对许多不确定因素。wrestle with为固定搭配，意为“全力解决”。故填with。 7.With everything put ___ place, we may as well get down to conducting our survey. in 解析 句意为：一切准备就绪后，我们不妨开始进行调查。put… in place为固定短语，意为“……准备就绪”。故填in。 8.The cost of equipment prohibits many people from _______ （take） up this sport. taking 解析 句意为：装备的费用使许多人不能从事这项运动。prohibit sb from doing sth意为“阻止某人做某事”。故填taking。 刷单句填空 6 9.They __________________ （debate） for hours whether to build a new car park in the neighbourhood, but haven’t reached an agreement yet. have been debating 解析 句意为：他们已经连着辩论了几个小时是否要在这附近建一个新的停车场，但尚未达成协议。设空处是谓语部分，强调从过去开始一直持续到现在的不间断的动作，且可能继续进行，所以应用现在完成进行时；主语为They，助动词应用have。故填have been debating。 10.Our school often organizes various after-school activities, _________ （relieve） our stress to some degree. relieving 解析 句意为：我们学校经常组织各种课外活动，这在一定程度上缓解了我们的压力。relieve在此应用非谓语动词作结果状语，且表示自然而然的结果，所以应用现在分词。故填relieving。 刷单句填空 7 根据提示补全句子。 1.毫无疑问，当涉及用自然语言解释意思时，机器永远不会完全取代我们。（doubt） __________________ ______, ______ ___ _______ ___ interpreting meaning using a natural language, a machine will never fully take our place. Without/No/Beyond doubt when it comes to 2.病人不仅身体上受到影响，而且对疾病也有情感上的反应。（affect） A patient ___ ____ _____ __________ ________, but also has an emotional response to the disease. is not only physically affected 3.在过去的十年里，许多高层建筑在曾经只是一片废墟的地方拔地而起。（arise） ___ __________ ___ _____ _________ _____ ______ where there used to be nothing but ruins in the last decade. A number/lot of high buildings have arisen 刷单句表达 8 4.空气污染对肺癌的影响程度仍在讨论之中。 The role of air pollution in lung cancer ___ _____ ______ ________________. 5.与一条不同结论相关的证据尚未公开。（relate） The evidence _______ ___ ___ _________ __________ has not been exposed to the public. is still under debate/discussion related to a different conclusion 刷单句表达 9 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As we all know, genes control everything in our bodies. A genome is a complete set of genes inside a cell or a living being. Our genome 1. . （contain） not only all of the information 2. . （need） to make us grow and develop, but also information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of 3. . （contract） certain diseases. Genome editing is a way of making changes to the genome. It is believed to be 4. . effective means of treating and preventing diseases, so geneticists 5. . （attempt） to identify which genes relate to which diseases for years. They hope to use this technology to treat a wide range of health problems in the near future. contains needed contracting an have been attempting 刷课文改编填空 10 However, with the new technology developing 6. . a fast pace, questions arise about how to use it 7. . （appropriate）. It also raises moral questions about 8. . （it） unknown risks. Fortunately, philosophers, geneticists and government officials have taken measures to wrestle with such issues. They believe that genome editing will work to our advantage by putting appropriate controls in place. Despite the public 9. . （argue） over the technology, there is no doubt 10. . genome editing is one of the greatest innovations in the history of science. at appropriately its argument(s) that 刷课文改编填空 11 1.________ contains 解析 设空处在此是谓语动词，本句陈述客观事实，主语是Our genome，所以应用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。 2._______ needed 解析 设空处在此作后置定语修饰information，应用非谓语形式，need与information是逻辑上的被动关系，所以应用过去分词。故填needed。 3.___________ contracting 解析 设空处作介词的宾语，应用动名词。 4.____ an 解析 means 单复数形式相同，此处指“一种有效的方式”，且effective的发音以元音音素开头，所以应用不定冠词an。 刷课文改编填空 12 5.____________________ have been attempting 解析 设空处是并列分句的谓语，指从过去开始一直持续到现在的不间断的动作，所以应用现在完成进行时。 6.___ at 解析 at a fast pace 意为“以很快的速度”。 7.____________ appropriately 解析 修饰动词应用副词。 8.____ its 解析 修饰名词应用形容词性物主代词。 刷课文改编填空 13 9.______________ argument(s) 解析 空前有定冠词和形容词修饰，应用名词，argument意为“争论”时，可作可数和不可数名词，故填argument(s)。 10._____ that 解析 there is no doubt that… 为固定句型，意为“毫无疑问……”。 刷课文改编填空 14 [广东四校2024联考] 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A new study has shown that consuming artificial sweetener （甜味剂） may lead to an increased risk of cancer. The study, 1. . appeared in the journal PLOS Medicine, indicates that individuals who take in higher-than-average amounts of artificial sweetener are 13% more likely 2. . （suffer） from cancer. The authors of the study collected daily dietary 3. . （diary） from 102,865 French adults over eight years. After 4. . （take） into account other risk factors for cancer such as age, weight, physical activity, and fat intake, the authors found those consuming high amounts of artificial sweetener had a higher cancer occurrence rate 5. . non-consumers. Meanwhile, they found that cancer rates were just as high in consumers of excessive artificial sweetener and excessive sugar intake may be 6. . （equal） associated with cancer risk, according to the authors. which to suffer diaries taking than equally 刷语法填空 15 While artificial sweetener 7. . （add） to many food products routinely, other kinds of natural sweetener such as stevioside （甜菊苷） are also highly popular with health-conscious eaters. The study doesn’t note 8. . these plant-based alternatives carry similar health risks or not. However, from the study the authors draw the 9. . （conclude） that artificial sweetener shouldn’t be used as 10. . safe alternative to sugar. is added whether conclusion a 刷语法填空 16 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了过多摄入人工甜味剂对人体可能产生危害。 1._______ which 解析 句意为：这项发表在《公共科学图书馆·医学》杂志上的研究表明，摄入人工甜味剂高于平均水平的人患癌症的概率要高出13%。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The study，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导该从句。 2._________ to suffer 解析 句意见上一题解析。be likely to do sth为固定短语，表示“有可能做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式。故填to suffer。 3._______ diaries 解析 句意为：这项研究的作者收集了102,865名法国成年人超过八年的日常饮食日记。由空后的from 102,865 French adults可知，设空处表示不止一篇日记，应用名词复数diaries。 刷语法填空 17 4._______ taking 解析 句意为：在考虑了年龄、体重、体育活动和脂肪摄入等其他致癌风险因素后，作者发现，摄入大量人工甜味剂的人比不摄入的人患癌症的概率更高。设空处位于介词After之后，应用动名词形式作宾语，take into account sth与其逻辑主语the authors之间为主动关系，故用动名词的主动式。故填taking。 5._____ than 解析 句意见上一题解析。结合语义和空前的higher可知，此处将摄入大量人工甜味剂的人与不摄入的人进行比较，设空处应用介词than。 6.________ equally 解析 句意为：同时，根据作者的说法，他们发现过量食用人工甜味剂的人患癌症的概率同样很高，过量摄入糖分可能同样与癌症风险相关。设空处作状语，修饰形容词associated，应用副词。故填equally。 刷语法填空 18 7._________ is added 解析 句意为：虽然人工甜味剂经常被添加到许多食品中，但甜菊苷等其他种类的天然甜味剂也深受注重健康的食客欢迎。分析句子结构可知，本句为主从复合句，设空处在While引导的让步状语从句中作谓语，结合主句中的are可知，此处应用一般现在时；add与从句主语artificial sweetener之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；主语是artificial sweetener，助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填is added。 刷语法填空 19 8.________ whether 解析 句意为：这项研究没有指出这些植物性替代品是否会带来类似的健康风险。设空处引导宾语从句，作note的宾语，结合语义以及句末的or not可知，设空处应填whether，whether… or not意为“是否……”。故填whether。 刷语法填空 20 【易错警示】辨别whether和if引导的宾语从句 注意此处不要误填if。whether和if都可以引导宾语从句，在从句中不作成分，表示“是否”，但if通常不与or （not）连用，而whether常与or （not）构成whether… or… 或whether… or not结构。 刷语法填空 9.__________ conclusion 解析 句意为：然而，从这项研究中作者得出结论，人工甜味剂不应该被用作糖的安全替代品。draw the conclusion that… 表示“得出……结论”。故填conclusion。 10.___ a 解析 句意见上一题解析。空后有单数可数名词alternative，此处泛指“一个安全的替代品”，设空处应用不定冠词，safe的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 刷语法填空 22 01 Period Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练 23 A [陕西西安长安一中2023高二期中] Muscles make an excellent vaccine （疫苗） administration site because muscle tissue contains important immune cells. These immune cells recognize the antigen, a tiny piece of a virus or bacteria introduced by the vaccine that stimulates an immune response. In the case of the COVID-19 vaccine the immune cells in the muscle tissue pick up these antigens and present them to the lymph nodes （淋巴结）. Injecting the vaccine into muscle tissue keeps the vaccine localized, allowing immune cells to sound the alarm to other immune cells and get them to work. Once a vaccine is recognized by the immune cells in the muscle, these cells carry the antigen to lymph vessels, which transport the antigen-carrying immune cells into the lymph nodes. Lymph nodes, important parts of our immune system, contain more immune cells that recognize the antigens in vaccines and start the immune process of creating antibodies. 刷阅读理解 24 Muscle tissue also tends to keep vaccine reactions localized. Injecting a vaccine into the deltoid muscle（三角肌） may result in local soreness at the injection site. If certain vaccines are injected into fat tissue, the chance of pain, redness or swelling increases because fat tissue has poor blood supply, leading to poor absorption of some vaccine components. Yet another deciding factor in the vaccine administration location is the size of the muscle. Adults and children aged three and older tend to receive vaccines in their upper arm in the deltoid muscle. Younger children receive their vaccines at their mid-thigh （大腿中部） because their arm muscles are smaller and less developed. Another consideration during vaccine administration is convenience and patient acceptability. Can you imagine taking down your pants at a clinic with strangers around? Rolling up your sleeve is much easier and more preferred. 刷阅读理解 25 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了肌肉是很好的疫苗注射部位，并陈述了几点理由。 1.What does the underlined phrase “pick up” in the first paragraph mean?( ) C A.Gather. B.Clean up. C.Identify. D.Come down with. 解析 词义猜测题。根据第一段中的These immune cells recognize the antigen和画线短语所在句后面的内容可知，在注射疫苗时，免疫系统的工作原理是肌肉中的免疫细胞识别疫苗所携带的抗原，再将抗原信号呈递给淋巴结组织，进而完成免疫反应。画线短语所在句是以新型冠状病毒疫苗为例说明这一过程，此处pick up应表示识别，与C项“Identify”意义相近。故选C项。 刷阅读理解 26 2.Why do muscles make a good vaccine administration site?( ) A A.Muscle tissue contains vital immune cells. B.Muscle tissue stimulates immune responses. C.Muscles can easily recognize bacteria. D.Muscles can prevent reproduction of viruses. 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的Muscles make an excellent vaccine administration site because muscle tissue contains important immune cells.可知，肌肉是很好的疫苗注射部位是因为肌肉组织含有重要的免疫细胞。故选A项。 刷阅读理解 27 3.What could be a result of injecting vaccines into fat tissue?( ) B A.Poor blood supply. B.Local pain. C.Rapid fat loss. D.Better absorption. 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的If certain vaccines are injected into fat tissue, the chance of pain, redness or swelling increases because fat tissue has poor blood supply, leading to poor absorption of some vaccine components.可知，在脂肪组织中注射疫苗更有可能导致局部疼痛。故选B项。 刷阅读理解 28 4.Where is the passage most likely taken from?( ) D A.An advertisement. B.A novel. C.A speech. D.A journal. 解析 推理判断题。通读全文内容可知，文章主要说明了肌肉是很好的疫苗注射部位，并陈述了几点理由。由此可推知，本文最有可能选自健康杂志。故选D项。 刷阅读理解 29 【方法总结】如何判断文章类型或推测文章出处 准确推断文章的出处源于对文章主题的正确把握。我们可以在阅读时找准文章的主题句，再根据细节判断目标读者，从而推断文章出处。另外，我们可以结合常识，将文章内容与自己了解的知识联系起来进行判断。比如，要对报告、报纸、杂志、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南、操作指南等文章类型有基本的了解，这样能够根据文章的特点对号入座，从而选出正确答案。 刷阅读理解 30 句意：将疫苗注射到肌肉组织中可以让疫苗停留在局部，肌肉部位的免疫细胞会向其他免疫细胞发出警报，通知它们开始工作。 刷阅读理解 核心词汇 response n. 反应；响应 进阶词汇 localize vt. 使（某物的影响）限于局部；限制……的范围 熟词生义 administration 熟义：n.（企业、学校等的）管理；行政 生义：n.（药物的）施用 构词法 anti- prefix 反；抗；防止 antigen n. 抗原 antibody n. 抗体 刷阅读理解 32 B [山东省2024高二适应性联考] Medical artificial intelligence （AI） can perform with expert-level accuracy and deliver cost-effective health care. IBM’s Watson diagnoses heart disease better than doctors. Chatbots give better medical advice to patients in place of nurses. Smartphone apps can now detect skin cancer. Some forecast that medical AI will enter most hospitals and replace what quite a few doctors currently do. Yet, as recent researches suggest, patients show a strong reluctance to medical AI—a big challenge the health care system will really face. The reason is not the belief that AI provides inferior care. Nor is it that patients think that AI is more costly, less convenient, or less informative. Rather, it seems that AI does not take into account one’s specific characteristics and circumstances. People view themselves as unique. By contrast, they see AI medical care as standardised—well suited to treat an average patient but not enough to deal with unique individual circumstances. It is no wonder that medical AI providers are given a cold welcome. 刷阅读理解 33 There are a number of steps that care providers can take to overcome patients’ resistance to medical AI. For example, they can remove the concerns about being treated as an average patient by giving their recommendations specifically and uniquely. If so, patients in doubt would be as likely to follow the treatment recommendations of the AI provider as they would be to follow those of a human physician（医生）. In addition, health care providers could also deliver individualised health care by explaining how the algorithms（算法）work and sharing patients’ reviews of the service with the media. Having a physician confirm the recommendation of an AI provider should make people more receptive to AI-based care. People are comfortable using medical AI if a physician remains in charge of the final decision. AI-based health care technologies are being developed and employed at an impressive rate, providing better medical services for the patients. But utilising the full potential of them will require that we first overcome patients’ scepticism. 刷阅读理解 34 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了医疗人工智能发展迅速，但要想充分发挥其潜力，需要首先解决人们对它的抵触情绪。 1.How does the author explain the use of medical AI in Paragraph 1?( ) C A.By listing data. B.By doing experiments. C.By giving examples. D.By making comparisons. 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，医疗人工智能能够进行专业化的操作和提供低成本的医疗服务，并举了IBM研发的Watson、聊天机器人、智能手机应用程序的例子来说明人工智能在医疗领域的应用。由此可推测出，作者通过举例子的方法来解释医疗人工智能的应用。故选C项。 刷阅读理解 35 【知识拓展】行文手法的常见表述 by listing reasons 列举原因 by following time/space order 按时间/空间顺序 by analysing cause and effect 分析因果关系 by listing numbers/giving data 列数据 by asking questions 提问 by making comparisons/a comparison 作比较 by giving examples/an example 举例子 by giving a definition 下定义 by describing a process 描述过程 刷阅读理解 36 2.What holds back the wide application of medical AI most probably?( ) D A.Its high cost. B.Its misdiagnosis. C.Its inconvenience. D.Its inflexibility. 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的By contrast, they see AI medical care as standardised—well suited to treat an average patient but not enough to deal with unique individual circumstances.可知，人们认为医疗人工智能的治疗模式是标准化的，不能根据每个人的特殊情况去作判断，所以阻碍人工智能医疗发展的是它的灵活性不足。故选D项。 刷阅读理解 37 3.What is suggested to make medical AI acceptable to patients?( ) B A.Treating patients as average people. B.Offering personalised cure plans. C.Updating the algorithms in time. D.Keeping away from the physician. 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的For example, they can remove the concerns about being treated as an average patient by giving their recommendations specifically and uniquely.可知，可以通过给患者提出个性化的治疗方案，从而让医疗人工智能为患者所接受。故选B项。 刷阅读理解 38 4.What does the underlined word “scepticism” probably mean?( ) A A.Distrust. B.Mystery. C.Fantasy. D.Criticism. 解析 词义猜测题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要论述了医疗人工智能发展受阻的主要原因，由于医疗人工智能的治疗程序相对固定，无法根据患者的个人情况作出灵活调整，患者不信任医疗人工智能作出的诊断；再结合第三段中的关键词patients in doubt可知，患者对医疗人工智能持怀疑态度。由此可推测出，画线词所在句表示“要想充分发挥医疗人工智能的潜力，首先要消除患者的怀疑”。画线词意为“怀疑”，与distrust意思最接近。故选A项。 刷阅读理解 39 句意：让医生确认人工智能提供者的建议应该会让人们更容易接受基于人工智能的护理。 刷阅读理解 40 核心词汇 1.take… into account 考虑到……；把……考虑进去 2.resistance n. 反对；抗拒；反抗；抵抗 3.in charge of 管理；负责 进阶词汇 1.reluctance n. 勉强；不情愿 2.individualised adj. 个性化的；与个人有关的 individualise vt. 使个性化 刷阅读理解 41 [四川成都七中2023高二阶段性测试] How to Boost Your Immune System On the whole, your immune system does a remarkable job of defending you against disease-causing microorganisms. 1. . Is it possible to fight the disease off? What if you improve your diet? Take certain vitamins or herbal preparations? Or make other lifestyle changes? Now, researchers are exploring several factors, hoping to help you strengthen your immune system. ●Lifestyle 2. . Following general good health guidelines is the single best step you can take towards naturally keeping your immune system working properly. Every part of your body, including your immune system, functions better when protected from environmental assaults and boosted by healthy-living strategies. B A 刷7选5 42 ●Diet Like any fighting force, the immune system army marches on its stomach. 3. . Scientists have long recognized that people who live in poverty and are malnourished are more vulnerable to infectious diseases. ●Stress Modern medicine has come to appreciate the closely linked relationship between our mind and body. A wide variety of sicknesses, including stomach upsets, hives （荨麻疹）, and even heart disease, are linked to the effects of emotional stress. 4. . C D ●Exercise Regular exercise is one of the pillars of healthy living. 5. . But does it help to boost your immune system naturally and keep it healthy? Just like a healthy diet, exercise can contribute to general good health and therefore to a healthy immune system. F 刷7选5 43 A.Your first line of defence is to choose a healthy lifestyle. B.But sometimes it fails: A germ invades and makes you sick. C.Healthy immune system warriors need good, regular nourishment. D.Scientists are actively studying the relationship between stress and immune function. E.That doesn’t mean the effects of lifestyle on the immune system shouldn’t be studied. F.It lowers blood pressure, helps control body weight, and protects against a variety of diseases. G.Despite the difficulties in measuring the relationship of vitamins to immunity, scientists are making progress. 刷7选5 44 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何增强免疫力。 1.___ B 解析 空格前说你的免疫系统在保护你免受致病微生物侵害方面做得很好，空格后设问一系列的措施来改善免疫系统，所以此处应起到承上启下的作用，说明免疫系统有时会抵御失败，因此B项符合语境。 2.___ A 解析 由小标题Lifestyle和空后的内容可知，本段主要讲的是要有健康的生活方式，它有助于增强免疫力，A项（你的第一道防线是选择一种健康的生活方式）和小标题相呼应，引起下文，符合语境。 刷7选5 45 3.___ C 解析 本段小标题是Diet，因此本段主要讲饮食和免疫系统之间的关系，空格后说科学家们早就认识到，生活贫困和营养不良的人更容易感染传染病，因此免疫系统需要好的营养，C项（健康的免疫系统战士需要良好的、有规律的营养）和小标题相符合，在空格处承上启下，符合语境。 4.___ D 解析 根据空前的A wide variety of sicknesses, including stomach upsets, hives, and even heart disease, are linked to the effects of emotional stress.可知，此处提到与压力相关的问题，所以D项（科学家们正在积极研究压力和免疫功能之间的关系）承接上文，符合语境。 5.___ F 解析 空格前说有规律的锻炼是健康生活的支柱之一，F项（它可以降低血压，帮助控制体重，预防各种疾病）承接上文，说明了锻炼的好处，符合语境。选项中的It指代前面的Regular exercise。 刷7选5 46 $$