Unit 3 Lesson 3 The Road to Destruction-【高中必刷题】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册同步课件（北师大版2019）

03 Lesson 3 The Road to Destruction Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar 1 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.Bacteria are an _________ （annoy） problem for astronauts. annoying 解析 句意为：细菌对航天员来说是个令人气恼的问题。设空处修饰名词problem，应用形容词。此处指事物的性质是“令人心烦的”，应用-ing形式的形容词，故填annoying。 2.Although running _________ （regular） can’t make you live forever, it is more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. regularly 解析 句意为：尽管经常跑步无法使你长生不老，但是它却比散步、骑行或游泳更能有效地延长寿命。设空处修饰动词running，应用副词作状语。 3.Human activities in all forms are speeding up the ___________ （destroy） of nature. destruction 解析 句意为：各种各样的人类活动正在加速大自然的毁灭。speeding up后面缺少宾语，且设空处被定冠词the修饰，故填名词destruction。 刷单句填空 2 4.He dropped behind other classmates this term, fully ________ （addict） to computer games. addicted 解析 句意为：这学期他的功课落后于其他同学，缘于他完全沉迷于电脑游戏。此处为形容词短语作原因状语。be addicted to… 意为“沉迷于……”。 5.The largest conference room can seat 1,000 guests, making it the most ________ （suit） for major conferences, award dinners and fashion shows. suitable 解析 句意为：最大的会议室能坐1,000名宾客，最适合举办大型会议、颁奖晚宴和时装表演。根据句意和设空处前面的the most可知，设空处应填形容词，此处为“make+宾语+宾补”结构，设空处为形容词作宾补。故填suitable。 6.__________ （compare） to private cars, public buses are more friendly to the environment. Compared 解析 句意为：与私家车相比，公共汽车对环境更加友好。分析句子结构可知，设空处为非谓语形式作状语，compare 和主语public buses之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故使用其过去分词形式。 刷单句填空 3 7.Knowing and controlling your blood pressure helps cut the risk of stroke ____ up to 40 percent. by 解析 句意为：了解和控制你的血压有助于将患中风的危险降低40%。cut… by… 表示“将……减少了……”，此处介词by表示差值。故填by。 8.There is no exact answer, ___ is often the case in science. as 解析 句意为：没有确切的答案，这在科学中非常常见。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，as is often the case为固定表达，意为“（对……而言）这是常有的事”，故用as作关系代词指代前面提到的整个句子。 刷单句填空 4 9.Those _____ saw Han Gan’s horse paintings all sang high praises for his unique skill, saying that his horses could “gallop off the paper”. who 解析 句意为：看过韩干画的马的人都对他的绝技赞不绝口，说他的马可以“从纸上飞奔而出”。分析句子结构可知，____ saw Han Gan’s horse paintings为定语从句，修饰Those，此处Those指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，故只能用who引导该从句。 10. How __________（protect）our environment has become one of the most difficult issues in the world. to protect 解析 句意为：如何保护我们的环境已成为世界上最棘手的问题之一。分析句子结构可知，How _______ our environment在句中作主语，应用“疑问词+不定式”结构，设空处应填动词不定式。故填to protect。 刷单句填空 5 根据提示补全句子。 1.你曾经经历过被困在严重的交通拥堵中的困境吗？（stick） Have you ever experienced such a dilemma where you _________ ______ ___ heavy traffic jams? were/got stuck in 2.这位卡车司机已经在公路上连续驾驶六个小时了，他既疲惫又焦虑。（形容词作状语; stress） The lorry driver has been driving on the highway for six hours in a row, ______________ _____ ________ ____. exhausted/tired and stressed out 3.气候变化和全世界日益增长的私家车数量紧密相关。（related） Climate change ___ _______ _______ ___ the increasing number of private cars in the world. 4.你应该做的是不要再为你的失败找借口。（excuse） What you should do is to stop ______________ ________ ____ your failure. is closely related to finding/making excuses for 5.当遇到心理问题时，向专家寻求专业的帮助是一种明智的选择。（turn） It is a wise choice to _____ ___ experts ____ professional help when coming across psychological problems. turn to for 刷单句表达 6 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the past several decades, the number of private cars 1. . （go） up at a soaring speed, 2. . （bring） varieties of problems to both human society and the environment. Take road safety for example, 3. . average of 2,500 people die from vehicle accidents every year. Meanwhile, greenhouse gases 4. . （emit） into the air are the major cause of global warming and climate change. As 5. . （individual）, is there something that we can do? 6. . （obvious）, it is never too late to take immediate action. It is strongly advised 7. . （walk） or cycle for short journeys and to use public transport as much as possible. If we really have to use a car, sharing cars with others is cheaper and 8. . （friendly）to the environment. You play an important role in improving the disturbing situation. If your street is filled 9. . heavy traffic, many options are waiting for you, including writing to the papers, asking for a speed limit and going to the city government. 10. . is expected, small personal changes will make a big difference to the whole world. has gone bringing an emitted individuals Obviously to walk friendlier with As 刷课文改编填空 7 1._________ has gone 解析 根据句首的时间状语In the past several decades可知，句子谓语应用现在完成时；主语为the number of private cars，谓语应用第三人称单数形式。 2.________ bringing 解析 句子已有谓语动词，与设空处无连词连接，由此判断此处应用非谓语形式。此处表示私家车数量增长带来的一些问题，应用现在分词作结果状语。 3.____ an 解析 “an average of+n.”为固定表达，意为“平均……”，其中average为名词。 刷课文改编填空 8 4.________ emitted 解析 句中已有系动词are，与设空处之间无连词连接，故设空处应用非谓语动词形式。greenhouse gases和emit之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。 5.___________ individuals 解析 individual既可作形容词，意为“个人的”，也可作名词，意为“个人”。此处为名词，根据语境及后面的we可知，此处应用复数形式。 6.__________ Obviously 解析 此处为副词作评注性状语。 刷课文改编填空 9 7.________ to walk 解析 此处It为形式主语，and连接的并列短语作真正的主语，由and后的不定式短语可知，此处应填动词不定式。 8._________ friendlier 解析 设空处和cheaper为并列成分，故使用friendly的比较级形式。 9._____ with 解析 be filled with… 为固定搭配，意为“充满……”。 10.____ As 解析 as is expected为固定表达，意为“正如预料的那样”，故填As。 刷课文改编填空 10 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 According to the US Department of Energy, the specific definition of a zero-energy building is: an energy-efficient building 1. ., on a source energy basis, the actual annual delivered energy is less than or equal 2. . the on-site renewable exported energy. It harvests solar energy using panels（嵌板）installed on the roof. When there is 3. . (sufficient) solar energy, the building will draw energy from the power grid （输电网）. Over the course of the year, 4. . amount of energy taken from the grid will be zero, achieving net-zero energy consumption. where to insufficient the 刷语法填空 11 Net-Zero Energy (NZE) buildings are a response to rapidly 5. . (rise) energy prices and climate change. Currently, the development of several technologies critical to the support of NZE buildings 6. . (advance) rapidly, namely PV panel efficiency, appliance efficiency etc. The NZE concept can be applied not only to individual buildings but also to groups of buildings 7. . (serve) by a renewable energy system. One 8. . (limit) of the NZE concept is that, at present it is difficult to apply to single-storey buildings and virtually impossible to a multi-storey building. Although there are difficulties in implementation, it appears that NZE marks a major shift in high-performance green buildings, which 9. . (combine) extreme energy conservation and efficiency with renewable energy systems 10. . (produce) buildings that are energy self-sufficient. rising is advancing served limitation combines to produce 刷语法填空 12 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了净零能耗建筑的支撑技术和存在意义。 1._______ where 解析 句意为：根据美国能源部的定义，零能耗建筑具体指以一次能源为衡量单位，实际年能源消耗小于或等于现场可再生能源输出的节能建筑。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为an energy-efficient building；on a source energy basis为插入语；关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 2.___ to 解析 句意见上一题解析。be equal to为固定搭配，意为“与……相等”。故填to。 刷语法填空 13 3.___________ insufficient 解析 句意为：当太阳能不足时，建筑将从输电网中获取能源。设空处修饰名词短语solar energy，在句中作定语，应用形容词；根据下文的the building will draw energy from the power grid可知，只有太阳能不足的时候，建筑才需要从输电网中获取能源，应填sufficient的反义词。故填insufficient。 4.____ the 解析 句意为：在这一年中，从输电网获取的能源为零就会实现净零能耗。此处表示“……的数量”，应用the amount of；an amount of表示“一定数量的……”。故填the。 5.______ rising 解析 句意为：净零能耗建筑是为了应对快速上涨的能源价格和气候变化。rapidly energy prices and climate change作介词to的宾语，设空处作energy prices的定语，表示“上涨的”，rise与energy prices之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填rising。 刷语法填空 14 6.____________ is advancing 解析 句意为：目前，对支撑净零能耗建筑至关重要的几项科技正在迅速发展，即光伏板效率、电器效率等。本句缺少谓语动词，根据语境以及时间状语Currently可判断，此处表示一段时间内正在进行的动作，时态应用现在进行时；主语为the development，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填is advancing。 7._______ served 解析 句意为：净零能耗的概念不仅适用于单个建筑，也适用于由可再生能源系统服务的建筑群。分析句子成分可知，设空处作后置定语，应用非谓语形式，serve和被修饰词groups of buildings之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填served。 刷语法填空 15 8._________ limitation 解析 句意为：净零能耗概念的一个局限性是，目前它很难应用于单层建筑，也几乎不可能应用于多层建筑。设空处在句中作主语，其前有One修饰，此处应用单数可数名词；结合句意可知，此处表示“局限性；不足之处”，故填limitation。 9._________ combines 解析 句意为：尽管在实施过程中存在困难，但净零能耗似乎标志着高性能绿色建筑的重大转变，它将极度节能和效率与可再生能源系统结合起来以建造出能源自给自足的建筑。设空处在定语从句中作谓语，根据上文中的marks可知，此处表示一般性陈述，应用一般现在时；定语从句的关系代词指代前面提到的NZE，从句的谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填combines。 10.___________ to produce 解析 句意见上一题解析。设空处在which引导的定语从句中作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to produce。 刷语法填空 16 03 Lesson 3 The Road to Destruction Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练 17 A [湖北云学新高考联盟2024高二联考] In what is believed to be a world first, University of South Australia researchers have designed a self-sufficient solar-driven system that evaporates （使蒸发）seawater and recycles it into fresh water, growing crops without any human involvement. It could help address global food shortages in the decades ahead, with the world’s population expected to reach 10 billion by 2050. Professor Haolan Xu and Dr Gary Owens from UniSA’s Future Industries Institute have developed a vertical floating sea farm which consists of two chambers（室）: an upper layer similar to a glasshouse and a lower water harvesting chamber. “In this case, clean water is supplied by a collection of solar evaporators that absorb the seawater, trap the salts in the evaporator body and, under the sun’s rays, release clean water vapour into the air which is then concentrated on water belts and transferred to the upper plant growth chamber,” Dr Owens says. 刷阅读理解 18 The system, which is powered only by solar light, has several advantages over other solar sea farm designs currently being trialled, according to Professor Xu. “Other designs have built evaporators inside the growth chamber which takes up valuable space that could otherwise be used for plant growth. Also, these systems are very likely to suffer from overheating and crop death,” Professor Xu says. “In our design, the vertical distribution of evaporators and growth chambers decreases the device’s overall footprint, maximising the area for food production. It is fully automated, low cost, and extremely easy to operate, using only solar energy and seawater to produce clean water and grow crops.” Dr Owens says their design is only proof of concept at this stage, but the next step is to scale it up using a small collection of individual devices to increase plant production. Meeting larger food supply needs will mean increasing both the size and number of devices. 刷阅读理解 19 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种自给自足的太阳能驱动系统，通过蒸发海水并将其回收为淡水，实现无人介入的农作物种植。这种系统有助于解决未来几十年全球粮食短缺的问题。 1.What can the vertical floating sea farm system do?( ) B A.Address the problem of sea pollution. B.Help deal with the problem of food shortages. C.Raise awareness about global food safety. D.Assist fishermen with intelligent fishing techniques. 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的It could help address global food shortages in the decades ahead, with the world’s population expected to reach 10 billion by 2050.可知，垂直浮动海洋农场系统可以在未来几十年内帮助解决全球粮食短缺问题。故选B项。 刷阅读理解 20 2.What does Paragraph 3 focus on?( ) C A.The make-up of the system. B.The distinct advantages of the system. C.The working principle of the system. D.The application prospects of the system. 解析 推理判断题。第三段主要介绍该系统的工作原理，即“收集海水——留存盐分——利用太阳光形成水蒸气——将水蒸气输送到上层植物生长室中”。由此可知，本段主要讲的是系统的工作原理。故选C项。 刷阅读理解 21 3.Compared to other solar sea farm designs, the vertical sea farm ___. B A.is more difficult to maintain B.makes the most of the space C.relies on seawater for operation D.is likely to be affected by crop loss 解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中的Other designs have built evaporators inside the growth chamber which takes up valuable space that could otherwise be used for plant growth.可知，其他的设计是在生长室内建造蒸发器，这占用了原本可以用于植物生长的宝贵空间。由此可知，与其他太阳能海洋农场的设计相比，垂直海洋农场更好地利用了空间。故选B项。 刷阅读理解 22 4.What does the underlined phrase “scale it up” mean?( ) A A.Expand. B.Reduce. C.Revise. D.Promote. 解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的their design is only proof-of-concept at this stage可知，他们的设计现阶段只是概念证明，再根据画线处后的using a small collection of individual devices to increase plant production和Meeting larger food supply needs will mean increasing both the size and number of devices.可知，下一步要提高植物产量。满足更大的食品供应需求意味着要扩大设备的规模和数量。所以画线词的意思是“扩大；扩展”。故选A项。 刷阅读理解 23 长难句分析 结构分析：that absorb the seawater… the upper plant growth chamber为that引导的定语从句，修饰主句中的solar evaporators；该从句中包含三个并列谓语。 句意：欧文斯博士说：“在这种情况下，清洁的水由一批太阳能蒸发器提供，这些蒸发器吸收海水，将盐分留存在蒸发器体内，在太阳光的照射下将清洁的水蒸气释放到空气中，然后将其集中在水带上并输送到上层植物生长室中。” 刷阅读理解 24 核心词汇 1.involvement n. 参与；插手 2.consist of 由……组成 3.trap vt. 留存，储存；困住 n. 陷阱；圈套 4.concentrate vi. & vt.（使）集中于；（使）汇集于 vi. & vt. 集中（注意力） 5.trial vt. & vi. 测试；试验 n. 试验；试用；审判 构词法 drive vt. 驱动；推动 solar-driven adj. 由太阳能驱动的 刷阅读理解 25 B [天津耀华中学2023高二期中] A major new facility to pull CO2 out of the atmosphere has started operating in Iceland, which is a boost to an emerging technology that experts say could eventually play an important role in reducing greenhouse gases. The plant in southwest Iceland is the biggest of its kind, its builder says. It is able to capture 900 tons of CO2 every year but it needs heat and electricity to work. It is using energy produced from waste and is built on the roof of a waste incineration plant, and through the burning of rubbish, energy is generated. Human-sized fans are built into a series of boxes. They take CO2 out of the air, catching it in spongelike filters （过滤器）. The filters are blasted with heat, freeing the gas, which is then mixed with water and pumped deep into underground basalt large caves, where over time it turns into dark grey stone. Pumping CO2 into the ground is just one way to deal with it. The CO2 captured can be pumped through an underground pipeline directly into a greenhouse. Vegetables and other plants love CO2 and higher concentrations of the gas within the greenhouse improve the growth of plants. 刷阅读理解 26 By 2050, humanity will need to pull nearly a billion metric tons of CO2 from the atmosphere every year through direct air capture technology to achieve carbon neutral goals, according to International Energy Agency recommendations. The plant in Iceland will be able to capture 4,000 metric tons annually—just a small amount of what will be necessary, but an engineer in Climeworks, the company that built it, says it can grow rapidly as efficiency improves and costs decrease. “This is a market that does not yet exist, but a market that urgently needs to be built,” said Christoph Gebald who cofounded Climeworks. “This plant that we have here is really the blueprint to further increase the size and really industrialise.” 刷阅读理解 27 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种新型的二氧化碳捕集设备。 1.What do we know about the carbon capture facility from Paragraph 2?( ) B A.It is built at high altitudes. B.It uses waste to produce power. C.It makes Iceland free of air pollution. D.It produces lots of heat during operation. 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的It is using energy produced from waste and is built on the roof of a waste incineration plant, and through the burning of rubbish, energy is generated.可知，该设备建在垃圾焚烧厂的屋顶上，利用焚烧垃圾产生能量。故选B项。 刷阅读理解 28 2.What can we expect from the future carbon capture technology?( ) C A.It will decrease the cost of energy production. B.It can help reach the carbon neutral goals in advance. C.It will speed up the reduction of CO2 levels in the air. D.It may replace the traditional carbon storage system. 解析 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的By 2050, humanity will need to pull nearly a billion metric tons of CO2 from the atmosphere every year through direct air capture technology to achieve carbon neutral goals可知，未来的碳捕集技术将加速降低空气中的二氧化碳水平。故选C项。 刷阅读理解 29 3.What can be inferred from the passage?( ) A A.The capture of CO2 in the atmosphere is able to kill two birds with one stone. B.CO2 will be delivered to greenhouses after being turned into dark grey stones. C.A major new market to pull CO2 out of the atmosphere has started operating. D.The plants in Iceland greenhouses can capture a small amount of CO2. 解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的The CO2 captured can be pumped through an underground pipeline directly into a greenhouse.Vegetables and other plants love CO2 and higher concentrations of the gas within the greenhouse improve the growth of plants.可知，捕集二氧化碳不仅能够保护环境、减少污染，还有助于蔬菜和其他植物的生长，可谓一举两得。故选A项。 刷阅读理解 30 4.What is Christoph Gebald’s attitude towards building the plant?( ) D A.Unclear. B.Neutral. C.Disapproving. D.Supportive. 解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的This plant that we have here is really the blueprint to further increase the size and really industrialise.可知，克里斯托夫·格巴尔德对此持支持态度。故选D项。 刷阅读理解 31 [河南中原名校2023高二联考] Tips on Saving Energy We all want to save money, and with the cost of living on the rise in the UK, it’s become more important than ever to watch what we spend. 1.. . . We use oil, gas and electricity to power and heat our homes. That’s why many of us are looking for ways to save energy so we don’t have to pay for huge fuel bills. 2.. . . To try to achieve this, new homes in the UK will be banned from installing new gas and oil boilers by 2025. Having a heat pump instead can help save energy, but they’re unaffordable for many people. There are some low-budget solutions you can turn to to lower your energy usage. Warm air escapes from our homes easily, so adding draught excluders（密封条）or a towel to block these gaps will help. 3.. .. . Switching off lights is also a good idea. 刷7选5 32 But there are lots of other little things we can do around the home that will help save energy and don’t cost a fortune. They could be as good as installing, fitting or making anything. Put lids（盖子）on pots and pans when cooking—the food will be ready quicker. 4.. .. . Don’t overfill your kettle when boiling water. A combination of small measures like these could reduce household energy bills by about 10%. So, we’re being encouraged to be more energy-efficient. 5.. 55 . A.Use a microwave to reheat food rather than an oven. B.Heat pumps and double glazing can be expensive to install. C.Overfilling your kettle when boiling water will save energy. D.The biggest increase in our expense at the moment is on energy. E.Making our home more energy-efficient is the obvious way to save money. F.Besides, it will be worth using some heavy curtains to stop the heat escaping. G.But our main aim isn’t just economic benefits but also to reduce our carbon footprint, so that our energy usage doesn’t cost the Earth. 刷7选5 33 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些节约能源的小技巧。 1.___ D 解析 根据上文中的with the cost of living on the rise in the UK及下文中的We use oil, gas and electricity可知，上文讲述英国生活成本上升，下文讲述能源的使用，所以设空处是过渡句，应提及能源费用。D项（目前我们开支中增加最多的是能源）承上启下，符合语境。 2.___ E 解析 根据下文中的To try to achieve this, new homes in the UK will be banned from installing new gas and oil boilers by 2025. Having a heat pump instead can help save energy, but they’re unaffordable for many people.可知，英国的新住宅将被禁止安装新的燃气和燃油锅炉，使用热力泵可以帮助节约能源，但是许多人负担不起。由此可见，本段主要介绍的是节约能源，故E项（让我们的家更节能是显而易见的省钱方法）符合语境。 刷7选5 34 3.___ F 解析 根据上文中的There are some low-budget solutions可知，本段主要介绍了一些低成本的节约能源的方式, adding draught excluders or a towel to block these gaps及下文中的Switching off lights是具体的例子，F项（此外，使用一些厚窗帘来阻止热量流失是值得的）也是一种方式，符合语境。 4.___ A 解析 根据上文中的But there are lots of other little things we can do around the home that will help save energy and don’t cost a fortune.可知，本段继续提出一些帮助节约能源的建议，且本段提到了pots、pans、your kettle，所以此处应与做饭日常相关，故A项（用微波炉重新加热食物，不要用烤箱）符合语境。 5.___ G 解析 根据上文中的So, we’re being encouraged to be more energy-efficient.可知，最后一段是对本文的总结，G项（但我们的主要目标不只是经济效益，而是减少我们的碳足迹，这样我们的能源使用就不会对地球造成损失）是对上文的总结。故选G项。 刷7选5 35 核心词汇 1.on the rise 在上涨；在上升；在加剧 2.ban vt. 禁止；取缔 n. 禁止；禁令 3.turn to 改用，开始使用；求助于 刷7选5 36 $$