Unit 3 Lesson 2 War on Plastic Packets-【高中必刷题】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册同步课件（北师大版2019）

02 Lesson 2 War on Plastic Packets Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar 1 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.There is a widespread ________ （anxious）about the overuse of plastic products in our daily life. anxiety 解析 句意为：人们普遍对日常生活中塑料制品的过度使用表示担忧。设空处作主语，被冠词a和形容词widespread修饰，应填名词单数形式。 2.The ability to separate out ________ （reuse） elements from other waste is crucial. reusable 解析 句意为：将可再次利用的成分从其他废料中分离出来的能力至关重要。根据句意可知，设空处作定语，修饰名词elements，应用形容词，表示“可再次利用的”。故填reusable。 3.Supermarkets call on __________ （consume）to take reusable bags with them. consumers 解析 句意为：超市呼吁消费者自备可重复使用的购物袋。call on sb to do sth为固定搭配，意为“呼吁某人做某事”。根据后面的them可知，此处应用名词复数形式。 刷单句填空 2 4.Immediate measures should be taken to do away _____ the disposable plastic products. with 解析 句意为：（人们）应立刻采取措施摒弃一次性塑料制品。do away with为固定搭配，意为“摆脱；废除”。 5.As was reported, a collection of valuable stamps _____________ （wrap） in delicate handmade bags in a stamp display last week. was wrapped 解析 句意为：据报道，在上周的邮票展中，一批价值不菲的邮票被包装在精致的手工袋中。分析句子结构可知，设空处为主句的谓语，wrap与主语之间为被动关系，故设空处应用被动语态；主句主语中心词为collection，谓语应用第三人称单数形式；根据时间状语last week可知，此处表示发生在过去的动作，时态应用一般过去时。 刷单句填空 3 6.The next morning he hired a boat and set out _______ （find） the well-known painter. to find 解析 句意为：第二天早上，他雇了一条船出发去寻找那位著名的画家。set out to do sth为固定用法，意为“开始做某事；着手做某事”，故填to find。 7.The wrapping paper stops products ______________ （pollute） by fluids during transport, like water or oil. being polluted 解析 句意为：彩色包装纸可以使产品在运输过程中免受水、油等液体的污染。stop sb/sth (from) doing sth为固定用法，意为“阻止某人/物做某事”，此处表被动，要用动名词的被动形式。 8.All too often, great words in a book end up ___________________ （turn） into cinematic “turkeys”. turning/being turned 解析 句意为：很多时候，书中的精彩文字最终变成了失败的电影。end up doing sth为固定用法，表示“以做某事告终”，所以设空处应用动名词形式作宾语；turn (…) into… 表示“（使）变成”，既可作及物动词短语，又可作不及物动词短语，故填turning/being turned。 刷单句填空 4 9.We have put off the picnic until next week, ______ the weather may be better. when 解析 句意为：我们已经把野餐的时间推迟到了下周，到那时天气也许会更好。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用when。 10.Humans are not fully aware _____ environmental protection has been of great urgency. that 解析 句意为：人类还没有充分意识到环境保护的紧迫性。分析句子成分可知，设空处位于形容词aware后，引导宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分且语义完整，故填连接词that。 刷单句填空 5 [重庆万州二中2024高二期中] 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In Northwest China’s Gansu Province lies Zhangye UNESCO Global Geopark 1. . （cover） about 1,289 square kilometres, which is blessed 2. . a splendid Danxia landform area. The Danxia landforms are 3. . masterpiece of nature. The colourful mountain ridges are just like an overturned palette from the heavens. Bands of fiery red, creamy orange, rich green and bright yellow streak the mountain, forming 4. . is known as the most beautiful rainbow mountain. The incredible landscapes 5. . （create） by sandstone and minerals piling on top of one another years ago due to tectonic plate movements. Wind, rain, and time then carved the rock formations and rolling hills into 6. . （vary） extraordinary shapes, including towers, pillars and valleys. covering with a what were created various 刷语法填空 6 7. . （declare） a UNESCO global geopark in 2020, the park has become a top tourist 8. . （attract）. The park features a series of boardwalks that allow visitors to walk around the colourful sandstone landscapes. There are viewing platforms 9. . （special） designed, enabling tourists to get close to the hills and feast their eyes on the magnificent sights without damaging the fragile ecosystem. Shuttle bus service is available, making 10. . easy for tourists to get around the park. Declared attraction specially it 刷语法填空 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了位于中国西北部的甘肃省张掖世界地质公园里的丹霞地貌。 1._________ covering 解析 句意为：张掖世界地质公园位于中国西北部的甘肃省，面积约1,289平方千米，这里拥有一个壮丽的丹霞地貌区。主句中已有谓语动词lies，与设空处无连词连接，设空处应用非谓语形式。cover在此处意为“占（一片面积）”，与Zhangye UNESCO Global Geopark之间是逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词，故填covering。 2._____ with 解析 句意见上一题解析。be blessed with是固定搭配，意为“拥有，幸运地享有”。故填with。 刷语法填空 8 3.___ a 解析 句意为：丹霞地貌是大自然的杰作。可数名词单数masterpiece是泛指概念，应用不定冠词限定，其发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 4.______ what 解析 句意为：火红色、奶油橙色、浓郁的绿色和亮黄色的条纹布满山脉，形成了被认为是最美丽的彩虹山。forming… 为现在分词短语作状语，____ is known as the most beautiful rainbow mountain为forming的宾语，设空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“……的事物”。故填what。 刷语法填空 9 5.____________ were created 解析 句意为：多年前，由于地球板块运动，砂岩和矿物相互堆积，形成了令人难以置信的景观。设空处在句中作谓语，根据years ago可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时；landscapes与create之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。主语为复数，谓语应用复数形式。故填were created。 6.________ various 解析 句意为：然后风、雨和时间将岩层和起伏的山丘雕刻成各种不同寻常的形状，包括塔状、柱状和山谷的样子。设空处修饰名词，应用形容词。故填various。 刷语法填空 10 7._________ Declared 解析 句意为：该公园于2020年被联合国教科文组织宣布为世界地质公园，现已成为热门旅游景点。分析句子结构可知，句子主干为the park has become…，此处应用非谓语动词作状语；declare为及物动词，表示“宣布；声明”，此处表示“被宣布成为……”，与其逻辑主语the park之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。故填Declared。 8._________ attraction 解析 句意见上一题解析。本句的主干为主系表结构，设空处作表语，a tourist attraction为固定短语，表示“旅游景点”，应用名词。故填attraction。 刷语法填空 11 9._________ specially 解析 句意为：这里有专门设计的观景台，使游客能够在不破坏脆弱生态系统的情况下靠近山丘，尽情欣赏壮丽的景色。设空处修饰动词designed，应用副词。故填specially。 10.___ it 解析 句意为：公园提供穿梭巴士服务，方便游客游览公园。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处为“make+宾语+宾补”结构，easy为形容词作宾补，后面有不定式短语to get around the park作真正宾语，此处应用it作形式宾语。故填it。 刷语法填空 12 02 Lesson 2 War on Plastic Packets Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练 13 A [江西宜春八校2023高二联考] A highly expected project to get plastic out of the massive pool of ocean debris（垃圾）is ready to begin its first period from Alameda, California. The creators of the project, called The Ocean Cleanup, say their system can remove 90 percent of the plastic in the ocean by 2040. It’s those larger pieces that the cleanup system will stop. The system features a 600-metre-long line of unmoored booms（未系泊的水栅）that act as an artificial shoreline travelling with the wind, waves and ocean currents while rounding up plastic debris. Beneath the surface, the booms drag a 3-metre-long skirt, through which only the tiniest bits of plastic can escape. Currents will naturally push the line of booms into a U-shape, herding plastic particles（颗粒） so they’re easier to collect. The booms are also tricked out with solar-powered lights, anti-collision（防冲撞）systems and satellite aerials （天线） to avoid ships and help project scientists keep track of the system’s location. Periodically, support ships will cart the collected plastic bits back to land for recycling. 刷阅读理解 14 The launch of “System 001” will be a test for the first of a planned fleet of about 60 such systems. Once launched, System 001 will undergo two weeks of field testing off the California coast, says Lebreton, The Ocean Cleanup’s lead oceanographer. If all goes well, it will head to the North Pacific, arriving within five weeks of the launch date. “We’re hoping to bring the first plastic back before the end of the year,” he says. The Ocean Cleanup representatives say their project is meant to work consistently with such upstream measures. Even while trying to change human behaviour, the team argues, it’s still worth trying to remove whatever is already out there floating near the surface. “The whole point is that we want to try to collect as much as possible,” Lebreton says. Whatever the result of this deployment, some experts trying to tackle the plastic trash problem applaud The Ocean Cleanup for raising awareness of the issue. 刷阅读理解 15 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。一个备受期待的可以从大量海洋垃圾中提取塑料的项目的创建者表示，到2040年，他们的清理系统可以清除海洋中90%的塑料。 1.What can we know about the cleanup system?( ) D A.It has been launched for several times. B.It’s also called The Ocean Cleanup. C.People don’t think much of it. D.It may remove most large ocean plastic. 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的The creators of the project, called The Ocean Cleanup, say their system can remove 90 percent of the plastic in the ocean by 2040.和第二段第一句It’s those larger pieces that the cleanup system will stop.可知，清理系统可能会清除大部分大块的海洋塑料垃圾。故选D项。 刷阅读理解 16 2.What’s the use of the skirt the booms drag?( ) C A.Acting as a shoreline. B.Travelling with waves. C.Collecting plastic particles. D.Pushing the booms’ line into a U-shape. 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Beneath the surface, the booms drag a 3-metre-long skirt, through which only the tiniest bits of plastic can escape. Currents will naturally push the line of booms into a U-shape, herding plastic particles so they’re easier to collect.可知，水栅拖的挡板是为了收集塑料颗粒。故选C项。 刷阅读理解 17 3.What does the underlined part “tricked out” in Paragraph 3 mean?( ) A A.Equipped. B.Filled. C.Covered. D.Poured. 解析 词义猜测题。根据画线部分后面的with solar-powered lights, anti-collision systems and satellite aerials to avoid ships and help project scientists keep track of the system’s location可知，这些水栅还配有太阳能灯、防碰撞系统和卫星天线以避开船只，并帮助项目科学家追踪系统的位置，由此可猜测，画线部分的意思是“配有”。故选A项。 刷阅读理解 18 4.How do some experts view The Ocean Cleanup?( ) B A.It’s vital for protecting the ocean from plastic waste. B.It contributes to informing people of ocean pollution. C.It’s far from perfect and needs improvement before use. D.It has won applause from ocean-protection organisations. 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，一些专家认为这个项目能起到让人们了解海洋污染问题的作用。故选B项。 刷阅读理解 19 B [湖北宜荆荆随2024高二联考] As an ecologist and consultant, I have been involved with a range of ecosystem restoration projects. It is clear to me, as it will no doubt be clear to readers, that ecosystem restoration is crucial. As we seek to mitigate（缓解）and adapt to climate change, and work to reverse（扭转）biodiversity losses, restoration is an important part of the global solution. But while it is widely understood that ecosystem restoration is the right thing to do, there is far less understanding about what exactly it means, and how it is to be achieved. One of the most obvious misunderstandings about ecosystem restoration is that it is all about action, especially planting trees. It is important to understand that forest and woodland ecosystems are not the only crucial environments to restore. Ecosystem restoration relates directly to a huge range of different systems—to farmland soils, to grassland systems—and of course, to our seas and oceans. 刷阅读理解 20 Ecosystem restoration is not always about actively intervening. In many instances, passive intervention can be just as effective, if not more so, than active. This involves simply letting nature take the reins（掌管）. But there are situations in which humans have damaged the environment to such a degree that natural regeneration is impossible. This is when carefully designed action is required. Another key thing to remember is that we cannot succeed in ecosystem restoration without local people’s involvement and, ideally, their leadership. When a community feels a sense of belonging and a deep connection with the land, this provides a firm foundation for future conservation and restoration work. While I dislike taking an overly human-centred view, environmental issues cannot be separated in our complex modern world from socio-economic ones. We need to look at people and the planet as a whole and appreciate the complex web of human life and its interaction with the natural world in order to form practical restoration solutions. It is only when we consider the natural environment and human society as interconnected that we can really continue to make progress. 刷阅读理解 21 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了修复生态系统是一个复杂的问题，既要考虑环境的因素，也要考虑社会经济等各方面的因素。只有把自然环境和人类社会看作是相互关联的，我们才能取得真正的进步。 1.Which shows the proper understanding of ecosystem restoration?( ) B A.Community-led efforts should be reduced. B.Ecosystem restoration involves a variety of systems. C.Direct action on forest ecosystems should be avoided. D.The more trees we plant, the better the ecosystems will be. 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的It is important to understand that forest and woodland ecosystems are not the only crucial environments to restore. Ecosystem restoration relates directly to a huge range of different systems—to farmland soils, to grassland systems—and of course, to our seas and oceans.可知，生态系统的修复涉及不同的生态系统。 刷阅读理解 22 2.In what case is active intervention a must?( ) A A.Nature fails to restore itself to health. B.The cost of passive intervention is high. C.A large population relies on natural resources. D.Active intervention can improve the local economy. 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的But there are situations in which humans have damaged the environment to such a degree that natural regeneration is impossible. This is when carefully designed action is required.可知，当环境无法自然再生时，主动干预是必要的。 刷阅读理解 23 3.According to the last paragraph, what should be done to make practical restoration plans?( ) D A.Focusing on the interests of humans. B.Making nature conservation a top priority. C.Conducting a survey of local natural resources. D.Taking both social factors and nature into account. 解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的While I dislike taking an overly human-centred view, environmental issues cannot be separated in our complex modern world from socio-economic ones. We need to look at people and the planet as a whole and appreciate the complex web of human life and its interaction with the natural world in order to form practical restoration solutions.可知，要形成切实可行的修复方案，我们需要综合考虑社会经济和自然因素。 刷阅读理解 24 4.What is mainly talked about in the text?( ) D A.How people can benefit from ecosystem restoration. B.What challenge people face in ecosystem restoration. C.Why ecosystem restoration becomes increasingly urgent. D.How we can repair damaged ecosystems more effectively. 解析 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中的It is only when we consider the natural environment and human society as interconnected that we can really continue to make progress.可知，文章围绕生态系统的修复展开，说明了这是一个复杂的问题，生态修复涉及很多不同的生态系统，许多情况下也无须主动干预，同时要综合考虑环境和社会经济等方面的因素。故本文旨在说明如何更有效地修复受损的生态系统。 刷阅读理解 25 [山东省2024高二适应性联考] It was a turtle that changed Victoria Cairns, a headteacher from Derbyshire. She was . .1. . underwater when travelling in Bali when she saw one of the island’s famous . .2. .. It approached towards her in the crystal clear water, and she was . .3. . at first—until she saw the plastic bag in its mouth. She just thought the human was having a destructive . .4. . on the environment. She set up an antilitter social media account to . .5. . awareness of the damage caused by . .6. . pollution. She regularly picks up litter around her neighbourhood. “She’s done amazing work keeping the area clean, tidy and beautiful,” says her friend. Cairns keeps a litter-picker in her car, and will frequently . .7. . on the way back from work to clean something up. When running, Cairns carries a . .8. . litter-picker in her backpack, and picks up rubbish on her cool-down walk. 刷完形填空 26 “Some people don’t . .9. . things. There’s no value in a plastic bag, so they . .10. . it away, not into the bin but on the Earth somewhere. It means they are doing it when people aren’t . .11. ., as they know it’s unacceptable.” When she collects plastic bottles and carrier bags, it feels like a small act of . .12. .: This bag will not end up in a turtle’s mouth. It is a(n) . .13. . small act in the scheme of things, but it’s something. Cairns makes a . .14. . to her surroundings. She has been litter-picking in the . .15. . near her house. “It’s so beautiful. You get a different perspective being on the water,” she says. 刷完形填空 27 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了凯恩斯在一次潜水中发现了一只海龟嘴里有塑料袋，从那之后，她决定创办一个反垃圾社交媒体账号，告诉人们不能随便丢弃塑料垃圾。她自己也每天都在捡塑料垃圾来保护环境。 1.( ) A.filming B.cleaning C.diving D.researching C 解析 根据下文的underwater when travelling in Bali可知，凯恩斯在巴厘岛旅行时在水下潜水。dive意为“潜水”，符合语境。故选C项。 2.( ) A.sharks B.turtles C.whales D.dolphins B 解析 根据上文的It was a turtle that changed Victoria Cairns可知，凯恩斯在潜水时看到了一只海龟。故选B项。 刷完形填空 28 3.( ) A.delighted B.frightened C.embarrassed D.disappointed A 解析 根据上文的It approached towards her in the crystal clear water及until she saw the plastic bag in its mouth可知，凯恩斯在清澈的水中看到一只海龟朝她游过来，起初的时候感到非常高兴。delighted意为“高兴的”；frightened意为“害怕的”；embarrassed意为“尴尬的”；disappointed意为“失望的”。故选A项。 4.( ) A.mercy B.impact C.attack D.dependence B 解析 根据上文的until she saw the plastic bag in its mouth可知，看到海龟嘴里的塑料袋，凯恩斯感觉人类对环境产生了破坏性的影响。mercy意为“幸运；恩惠”；impact意为“影响”；attack意为“攻击”；dependence意为“依赖”。故选B项。 刷完形填空 29 5.( ) A.risk B.learn C.raise D.lessen C 解析 根据上文凯恩斯看到海龟嘴里有塑料袋及空后的awareness of可知，凯恩斯建立社交媒体账号是为了提高人们对于塑料污染的意识。raise awareness of… 意为“提高对……的意识”。故选C项。 6.( ) A.air B.noise C.water D.plastic D 解析 根据上文的she saw the plastic bag in its mouth可知，此处指塑料污染。故选D项。 7.( ) A.cheer up B.give in C.pull over D.break down C 解析 根据上文的in her car及下文的on the way back from work可知，凯恩斯经常在下班回家的路上停下来清理一些东西。cheer up意为“振作起来”；give in意为“屈服”；pull over意为“向路边停靠”；break down意为“情不自禁地哭起来”。故选C项。 刷完形填空 30 8.( ) A.heavy B.portable C.comfortable D.complex B 解析 根据下文的in her backpack可知，凯恩斯在她背包里带着便携式垃圾捡拾器。heavy意为“重的”；portable意为“便携式的”；comfortable意为“舒适的”；complex意为“复杂的”。故选B项。 9.( ) A.value B.change C.protect D.store A 解析 根据下文的There’s no value in a plastic bag, so they ____ it away可知，一些人不重视东西。value意为“重视”；change意为“改变”；protect意为“保护”；store意为“储存；保存”。故选A项。 10.( ) A.put B.blow C.take D.throw D 解析 根据上文的There’s no value in a plastic bag可知，塑料袋没有了价值，人们就会扔掉它们。故选D项。 刷完形填空 31 11.( ) A.working B.thinking C.noticing D.wandering C 解析 根据下文的as they know it’s unacceptable可知，因为人们觉得这件事并不可接受，所以他们在人们没有注意到的时候这样做。notice意为“注意到”，符合语境。故选C项。 12.( ) A.care B.response C.security D.dignity A 解析 根据上文的collects plastic bottles and carrier bags及下文的This bag will not end up in a turtle’s mouth.可知，当她收集塑料瓶和手提袋时，这个袋子最后就不会被海龟吞食，所以这像是一个小小的照顾行为。care意为“照顾”；response意为“反应；答复”；security意为“安全”；dignity意为“庄严；尊贵”。故选A项。 刷完形填空 32 13.( ) A.frankly B.extremely C.anxiously D.cautiously B 解析 根据下文的but it’s something可知，捡垃圾是一件非常小的行为，但是它却非常有意义。frankly意为“坦率地”；extremely意为“非常；极其”；anxiously意为“焦虑地”；cautiously意为“谨慎地”。故选B项。 14.( ) A.move B.choice C.decision D.difference D 解析 根据上文凯恩斯捡拾垃圾的行为和下文的She has been litter-picking in the ____ near her house.可知，凯恩斯小小的举动对周围的环境产生了影响。make a difference意为“起作用，有影响”，符合语境。故选D项。 15.( ) A.canal B.mountain C.bus D.forest A 解析 根据下文的on the water可知，凯恩斯是在家附近的运河里捡垃圾。canal意为“运河”，符合语境。故选A项。 刷完形填空 33 $$