Unit 4 Period Ⅰ Reading and Thinking-【高中必刷题】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册同步课件（人教版2019）

英语 选择性必修 第一册 RJ 1 选择性必修第一册 Unit 4 Body Language 2 01 Period I Reading and Thinking Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar 3 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.The ___________ （compare） may make something appear more beautiful than it is when seen alone． comparison 解析 句意为：比较可能会使某件东西看起来比单独看的时候更美。设空处前有定冠词The修饰，在句中作主语，应用名词形式comparison，意为“比较”，此时为不可数名词。故填comparison。 2.He’s not very ________ （rely）, so you can’t depend on him to do what he promises. reliable 解析 句意为：他不太可靠，因此你不能指望他信守诺言。设空处作表语，其前有副词very修饰，应用形容词，表示“可靠的”。故填reliable。 刷单句填空 4 3.Better _______________ （interact） between the teachers and students can promote the effectiveness of the class to a certain extent. interaction 解析 句意为：更好的师生互动可以在一定程度上提高课堂的有效性。分析句子可知，Better ____ between the teachers and students作主语，且设空处被形容词的比较级Better修饰，应用名词。 4.She gave us a _____________ （demonstrate） of the machine to show us how it worked. demonstration 解析 句意为：她为我们做了示范来展示那台机器是如何工作的。此处为give sb sth的双宾语结构，设空处作直接宾语，且被不定冠词a修饰，故用名词的单数形式。故填demonstration。 5.Hollande is a modest and calm person, while Sarkozy, ______ contrast， is known to be loud and aggressive. by/in 解析 句意为：奥朗德是一个谦虚和冷静的人,而相比之下,大家认为萨科西吵闹又好斗。by/in contrast意为“相比之下”，为固定短语。 刷单句填空 5 6.Much to our surprise, the witness’s account of the traffic accident differed ______ the official version in several aspects． from 解析 句意为：令我们十分吃惊的是，目击者对交通事故的描述在几个方面与官方说法不同。differ from… 意为“与……不同”，为固定搭配。故填from。 7.Some scientists suggest that we use our bodies to try power posing to help break ______ our shyness and powerlessness. down 解析 句意为：一些科学家建议我们用自己的身体来尝试高能量姿势，以帮助打破我们的羞怯和无力感。break down为固定搭配，意为“破坏，消除（尤指某种感情或态度）”。故填down。 8.My dad doesn’t approve ___ the idea that I will travel around Europe alone. of 解析 句意为：我爸爸不赞成我独自环游欧洲。approve of 意为“赞成”，为固定搭配。故填of。 刷单句填空 6 9.Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations ___________________ （employ） only since the mid-1980s. have been employed 解析 句意为：追踪北极熊种群的新方法自20世纪80年代中期才开始使用。设空处在句中作谓语，employ与主语的中心语methods之间为被动关系，再结合时间状语since the mid-1980s可知，此处应用现在完成时的被动语态。故填have been employed。 10.Our English teacher advises __________ （practise） speaking more in English to improve our oral English. practising 解析 句意为：我们的英语老师建议我们多练习说英语来提高我们的英语口语水平。advise后常接动名词作宾语，advise doing sth意为“建议做某事”。 刷单句填空 7 根据提示补全句子。 1.恰当地使用肢体语言可以帮助你打破交流障碍。 ________________ ______ _________ ____________________ can help you break down communication barriers. Using/Employing body language appropriately/properly 2.庆祝新年的特定仪式因不同文化而异。（vary） Specific rituals for celebration of New Year _____ ______ _______ ___ _______. vary from culture to culture 3.毫无疑问，说到用自然语言解释某件事时，机器永远不会完全取代我们。（interpret） Undoubtedly when it comes to ___________ __________ ___ _______ _________, a machine will never fully take our place. interpreting something in natural language 刷单句表达 8 4.如果你能帮这个老人一个忙，他会很感激的。（favour） The old man would appreciate it ___ _____ ______ ____ _____ ___ _______. if you could do him a favour 5.本次艺术展是见证两国友谊的一次重要文化活动。（witness） This art exhibition is an important cultural event that _________ ____ __________ ________ ____ _____ _________. witnesses the friendship between the two countries 刷单句表达 9 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 We often use body language 1. . （express） our thoughts and opinions in our interactions with other people. However, body language varies from culture to culture. Making eye contact in some countries 2. . （be） a way to display interest, while in other countries, eye contact is rude or disrespectful. The gesture for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures. In Japan, someone who sees another person 3. . （employ） the gesture will think it means money. In France, a person seeing an 4. . （identity） gesture will interpret it as zero. In Brazil and Germany, however, the gesture is rude. Even the gestures for “yes” and “no” 5. . （different） around the world. In many countries, shaking one’s head means “no”, and nodding means “yes”.In Bulgaria, by comparison, the gestures have the opposite meaning. There are also differences in 6. . we touch each other, how close we stand to someone we are talking to, and how we act when we meet or part. to express is employing identical differ how 刷课文改编填空 10 Even so, some gestures seem to be universal. Perhaps the best example of 7. . （universal） understood body language is the smile. A smile can help us get through difficulties and find friends in 8. . world of strangers. A smile can also break down 9. . （barrier）.And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better 10. . seeing the smiling face of a good friend. universally a barriers than 刷课文改编填空 1.__________ to express 解析 设空处在句中作目的状语，故应用不定式。 2.___ is 解析 此处描述客观情况，时态应用一般现在时，单个动名词（短语）作主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填is。 3.__________ employing 解析 see sb doing sth意为“看见某人正在做某事”。故填employing。 4._________ identical 解析 设空处修饰名词gesture，作定语，应用形容词。identical意为“同样的；完全相同的”。 5.______ differ 解析 此处是谓语，所以应用动词形式。本句陈述一般事实，时态应用一般现在时，且主语the gestures为复数形式，故填differ。 刷课文改编填空 12 6._____ how 解析 分析句子结构可知，设空处引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，引导词在从句中作方式状语，表示“如何”，故用how引导该从句。 7.___________ universally 解析 设空处修饰分词understood，应用副词。故填universally。 8.___ a 解析 此处泛指“一个充满陌生人的世界”，应用不定冠词。故填a。 9.________ barriers 解析 barrier是可数名词，空前无限定词修饰，此处是指很多障碍，所以应用复数形式。 10._____ than 解析 此处表示“比……更好”，根据空前的better可知，此处应填than,there is nothing better than… 意为“没有什么比……更好”。 刷课文改编填空 13 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As an educator, I know what is going on in the minds of my students. How can I do that? I look at 1. . （they） body language. When students are interested in a lesson, they lean forward and look at me. People have a tendency 2. . （lean） towards whatever they are interested in. So if a student has his head 3. . （lower） to look at his watch, it implies he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end. If two friends are leaning their heads together, they are 4. . （probable） writing notes to each other. Of course, not everyone 5. . looks up is paying attention in class. Some students look up, but there is an 6. . （absent） of eye contact. Their eyes barely move, and they always have 7. . same distant expression on their faces. It is as though they are asleep 8. . their eyes open. Some students are amused by something else. They spend all their time 9. . （look） anywhere but at me. They are certainly interested in something, but who knows what. The main thing is reminding distracted 10. . （student） that they need to pay attention in class. their to lean lowered probably who/that absence the with looking students 刷语法填空 14 1._____ their 解析 句意为：我观察他们的肢体语言。设空处修饰名词短语body language，应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。 2.________ to lean 解析 句意为：人们总是倾向于自己感兴趣的任何事物。have a tendency to do… 是固定用法，表示“倾向于做……”，不定式作后置定语，修饰tendency。故填to lean。 3.________ lowered 解析 句意为：所以如果一个学生低头看表，这意味着他很无聊，只是在计算着离下课还有多少分钟。lower作及物动词，表示“把……放低”。此处为“have+宾语+宾补”复合结构，设空处作宾补，且lower与head之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填lowered。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。作为一名教育工作者，作者介绍了自己如何通过观察学生的肢体语言来了解学生的想法。 刷语法填空 15 4._________ probably 解析 句意为：如果两个朋友把头靠在一起，他们很可能在互相写纸条。设空处作状语，修饰动词writing，应用副词。故填probably。 5._________ who/that 解析 句意为：当然，并不是每个抬头看的人都是在课堂上认真听讲。设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为everyone，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，此时可用关系代词who或that引导该从句。故填who/that。 6.________ absence 解析 句意为：有些学生抬头看，但没有眼神交流。此处为there be句型，设空处作主语，且被不定冠词an修饰，应用名词单数。absent的名词形式为absence。 刷语法填空 16 7.____ the 解析 句意为：他们的眼睛几乎不动，脸上总是带着同样心不在焉的表情。形容词same常与the连用。故填the。 8._____ with 解析 句意为：就好像他们睁着眼睛睡着了。此处为“with+宾语+宾补”复合结构，在句中作状语，表示伴随。故填with。 9.________ looking 解析 句意为：他们把所有的时间都花在看别的地方，就是不看我。spend time （in） doing sth为固定用法。故填looking。 10.________ students 解析 句意为：最主要的是提醒走神的学生，他们需要在课堂上集中注意力。student是可数名词，空前无限定词，且根据后文的人称代词they可知，此处应用复数形式。故填students。 刷语法填空 17 01 Period I Reading and Thinking Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练 18 A Everyone “talks” with their hands at least sometimes. Some people’s hand-talking or gesturing matches their message well. Other people like to make gestures that can be confusing. And still others don’t use their hands much at all. No matter which group you are in, it’s important to pay attention to your hand gestures while you are communicating. And also remember hand gestures can have cultural meanings. A few years ago, I was a speaker at a conference in Lisbon, Portugal. It was my first time in Portugal, and I became immediately fond of the special pastries （油酥糕点） that Lisbon are known for. One morning I went into a bakery and ordered two of the pastries. I did so by holding up two fingers, similar to the “victory” or “peace” gesture in the United States. The person behind the counter put three pastries in a box. I later learnt that the gesture for two would raise my thumb and index finger. Even though my thumb wasn’t showing, the person behind the counter thought I was signalling for three. I was lucky that I didn’t get into more trouble than an extra pastry. There exist no generic hand gestures. Before speaking in a country that you are not familiar with, do some research to find out which gestures might be misunderstood, not understood at all or rude. 刷阅读理解 19 1.Why did the author go to Lisbon, Portugal?( ) C A.To taste pastries. B.To take a holiday. C.To attend a meeting. D.To learn Portuguese culture. 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的A few years ago, I was a speaker at a conference in Lisbon, Portugal.可知，作者是为了开会才去葡萄牙的里斯本的。故选C项。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在葡萄牙的一家面包店里的经历让他明白：许多手势在不同国家所表示的意义并不相同，手势也可能有文化意义。 刷阅读理解 20 2.Which was the gesture the author made in the bakery?( ) B A.&1& B.&2& C.&3& D.&4& 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的I did so by holding up two fingers, similar to the “victory” or “peace” gesture in the United States.可知，作者在面包店所做的手势是“举起两根手指”，即B项图片所示的手势。故选B项。 刷阅读理解 21 3.What does the underlined word “generic” refer to?( ) C A.Normal. B.Independent. C.Common. D.Complex. 解析 词义猜测题。 根据最后一段中的Before speaking in a country that you are not familiar with, do some research to find out which gestures might be misunderstood, not understood at all or rude.可知，不同国家对手势的理解可能是不同的，并不存在通用的手势语言。由此可知，画线词generic与common意思接近。故选C项。 刷阅读理解 22 4.What is the author’s main purpose in writing the passage?( ) A A.To tell us that hand gestures are not the same worldwide. B.To explain the general use of gestures. C.To ask us to use correct hand gestures in Portugal. D.To share a funny story in Portugal. 解析 推理判断题。全文主要通过作者讲述自己在葡萄牙买糕点因误用手势而产生误会的故事告诉读者，不同的国家对手势的理解可能是不同的。由此推知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是告诉我们，手势在世界各地是不一样的。故选A项。 刷阅读理解 23 核心词汇 1.match v.相一致;相配；找相称（或相关）的人（或物） 2.order v.点（酒菜等）；命令；订购 刷阅读理解 24 B Modern research on body language—often called nonverbal behaviour—began in the 1960s and 1970s with studies that aimed to demonstrate the universality （普遍性） of facial expressions of emotion. That work was inspired in part by Charles Darwin’s study “The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals” （1872）.But it had received little attention for about a century, according to nonverbal communication expert David Matsumoto. Since then modern researchers have examined how the brain reacts to facial expressions and how babies imitate facial and hand gestures. And scientists have also realised the complexities （复杂之处） of body language. Much research has suggested that body language is often hard to interpret or understand. But for years some advisers and experts have been using their knowledge in many practical areas. 刷阅读理解 25 “I help people influence and persuade others around how trustworthy and credible their message is by helping them with their specific nonverbal communication,” said Mark Bowden. He is the author of Winning Body Language, a guide for readers including business people and famous people. He focuses on where a person faces their body and how much space they take up, as well as their gestures. Some experts also say they can use those signals to interpret hidden emotions. Joe Navarro is the author of What Every Body Is Saying.It is a book about reading a person’s mind from their nonverbal behaviour.“It’s easy to spot a speaker’s lip movements when he faces a question he doesn’t like,” Joe said. While the work of these experts attracts large audiences, many scientists are unsure whether their methods are reliable.“Our facial expressions show certain types of emotional states,” David Matsumoto said. So do some body movements.“But people do all kinds of things with their bodies,” he said. Your raised eyebrows （眉毛） could express disbelief—but it might also signal discomfort or surprise. The same hand gesture could mean different things in different cultures. 刷阅读理解 26 1.What role did Charles Darwin’s study play according to Paragraph 1?( ) C A.It unlocked the secret of the human mind. B.It promoted the development of human language. C.It helped start modern research on body language. D.It encouraged people to care more about animals. 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的Modern research on body language… That work was inspired in part by Charles Darwin’s study “The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals” （1872）.可知，查尔斯·达尔文的研究帮助开启了对肢体语言的现代研究。故选C项。 【语篇导读】本文介绍了关于肢体语言的现代研究。肢体语言通常被称为非言语行为，它的研究始于20世纪60年代和70年代，这些研究旨在证明面部表情普遍能够表达情感，但是同样的肢体语言又可能会表达不同的意思。 刷阅读理解 27 2.What do we know about Mark Bowden?( ) D A.He gives advice on business language. B.He focuses mainly on facial expressions. C.He pays more attention to spoken language. D.He teaches people about body language. 解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，马克·鲍登教人们如何使用肢体语言。故选D项。 刷阅读理解 28 3.What did David Matsumoto think of Joe Navarro’s methods?( ) B A.They were instructional. B.They were doubtful. C.They were experimental. D.They were necessary. 解析 推理判断题。倒数第二段介绍了乔·纳瓦罗通过肢体动作了解一个人的思想的方法，再根据最后一段中的While the work of these experts attracts large audiences, many scientists are unsure whether their methods are reliable.“Our facial expressions show certain types of emotional states,” David Matsumoto said.So do some body movements.可推知，戴维·松本认为乔·纳瓦罗的方法令人怀疑。故选B项。 刷阅读理解 29 4.What can be the best title for the text?( ) A A.Can body language tell important facts? B.Is nonverbal behaviour that complex? C.Should you know more about body language? D.Do experts know how to interpret emotions? 解析 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的Modern research on body language… demonstrate the universality of facial expressions of emotion.及最后一段中的“But people do all kinds of things with their bodies,” he said… The same hand gesture could mean different things in different cultures.可知，文章介绍了肢体语言的现代研究，面部表情普遍能够表达情感，但是同样的肢体语言又可能会表达不同的意思。由此可知A项适合作为本文最佳标题。 刷阅读理解 30 长难句分析 句意：马克·鲍登说：“我帮助人们通过具体的非言语交流来影响和说服他人，让他们知道自己的信息是多么值得信赖和可靠。” 刷阅读理解 31 核心词汇 1.demonstrate vt.说明；证明；演示 2.interpret v.领会；解释；说明 3.credible adj.可信的；可靠的 构词法 1.non- prefix 非，不 nonverbal adj.非言语的 2.dis- prefix 不；非；相反；相对 discomfort n.不舒服；不适；不安 刷阅读理解 32 When meeting someone for the first time, who won’t know you habitually frown if you’re concentrating, you will be misunderstood.1. . Here are four more. Ignore the context. 2. . Depending on the context, the same nonverbal signals can take on totally different meanings. People can’t really understand someone’s nonverbal message unless they understand the circumstances behind it. If you yawn in a staff meeting because you were up early for an international business call—let people know why you’re tired. Find meaning in a single gesture. People often try to evaluate your state of mind by monitoring your body language. But they take more notice of any single sign that indicates you’re in a bad mood and not to be approached.3. . So when you are standing with your arms folded for your comfort, others may judge your body language as resistant and unapproachable. D G F 刷7选5 33 Evaluate you through the bias （偏见）. A neighbour likes me from the moment we met. Before long, I know it’s because I resemble her favourite aunt. That’s how bias can work—the so-called “halo effect.” But bias can also work against you. What if you remind people of someone they dislike? In that case, their original response to you wouldn’t be a good one.4. . Compare your behaviour with their culture. Most of culture’s values are absorbed unconsciously at an early age. Such values affect how people think and act, and more importantly, the kind of criteria by which people judge others.5. . For instance, people’s greetings, hand gestures etc vary with cultures. Therefore, there are many mistakes people make when reading your body language. Understanding them, and trying not to make the same mistakes, will help display your nonverbal ability. B E 刷7选5 34 A.Nonverbal signals are very common in our daily life. B.They would even look out for your behaviour that confirmed this bias. C.What they didn’t realise was that, for this individual, it was a normal behaviour. D.In fact, people easily make mistakes reading and reacting to others’ body language. E.What’s proper and correct in one culture may be ineffective or even rude in another. F.Besides, they often assign meaning to negative messages than it does to positive ones. G.Context includes locations, relationships, time, experience, and even room temperature. 刷7选5 35 1.___ D 解析 根据上文When meeting someone for the first time, who won’t know you habitually frown if you’re concentrating, you will be misunderstood.可知，此处通过列举具体的例子介绍了人们很容易对他人的肢体语言产生误解，设空处应对该现象进行概括。D项（事实上，人们很容易对他人的肢体语言作出错误的解读和反应）承接前文，符合语境。 2.___ G 解析 根据下文Depending on the context, the same nonverbal signals can take on totally different meanings.可知，此处强调的是，不同的语境会赋予同样的肢体语言完全不同的含义。G项（语境包括地点、关系、时间、经验，甚至室温）对“语境”进行了解释，指出其包含的具体内容，G项中的Context与下文中的context相呼应，符合语境。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人们可能会对别人的肢体语言产生误解的几种常见的情况及原因。 刷7选5 36 3.___ F 解析 根据设空处后的内容可知，此处指出当你为了舒适而交叉双臂站立时，别人可能会将你的肢体语言判断为抗拒和难以接近，F项（此外，他们经常赋予负面信息比正面信息更多的意义）引起下文，解释了他人判定你难以接近的原因，符合语境。 4.___ B 解析 根据上文But bias can also work against you.What if you remind people of someone they dislike? In that case, their original response to you wouldn’t be a good one.可知，此处强调的是“光环效应”对给他人留下什么样的第一印象产生的影响，一些偏见会让他人对自己的最初印象不好。B项（他们甚至会留意你的行为来证实这种偏见）是对上文的进一步说明，符合语境。 刷7选5 37 5.___ E 解析 根据前文Most of culture’s values are absorbed unconsciously at an early age… 可知，此处强调了无意识吸收的文化价值所产生的影响。E项（在一种文化中恰当和正确的做法，在另一种文化中可能是无效的，甚至是粗鲁的）承接上文，且与下文“例如，人们的问候语、手势等因文化而异”相呼应。 刷7选5 38 核心词汇 1.circumstance n.［C，常用复数］情况；情形；状况 2.monitor vt.监测；监督 n.显示器；班长 3.indicate vt.表明；显示；指出 进阶词汇 1.resemble vt.像；与……类似；与……相似 2.unconsciously adv.无意地；不知不觉地 刷7选5 39 $$