Unit 6 Nurturing nature 单元限时小卷-【高中必刷题】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册同步课件（外研版2019）

03 单元限时小卷 建议用时：57分钟 1 [四川绵阳南山中学2024月考] Expecting the worst to avoid feeling bad later is known as “bracing”.It may help people prepare for emotionally challenging situations, particularly in the moments before these situations occur. People brace for the worst while waiting for potentially negative outcomes. Someone might also brace for the worst in anticipation of stressful events like giving a presentation at work. Some psychological theories suggest that bracing should help. For example, “decision affect theory” proposes that how we feel about a situation is determined partly by comparing what actually happened with what could have happened. Based on this, people should be happy when an event goes beyond their expectations, and disappointed when an event falls behind. Therefore, by anticipating the worst, one can safeguard themselves against future disappointment, as any result is likely to surpass their expectations. 刷阅读理解 2 But other psychological theories undermine the idea that bracing will be helpful. It has been theorised—and scientifically established—that expectations can powerfully influence reality. There are two key ways that expectations can shape reality. First, people may behave in ways that fit with their expectations. If you expect to fail an upcoming test or interview, then you might not invest efforts in preparation, which in turn reduces your chances of doing well. Second, people may interpret a situation in line with their expectations. Imagine you believe you are insufficiently qualified for a job you’ve applied for. During the job interview, you’re likely to interpret blank expressions from the interviewer in line with this belief, which could negatively affect your performance. In fact, the interviewer did not want to give anything away. Drawing together the scientific studies, it seems that expecting the worst is anything but a wise way to prepare for upcoming news or results. It might be better to hold positive expectations than to brace for the worst. 刷阅读理解 3 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了人们针对未来可能发生的负面情况进行预期的行为，即“做最坏打算”的心理学概念，探讨了相关的理论和研究，作者认为持有积极的期望可能比预期最坏情况更加有益。 1.What is the second paragraph mainly about?( ) A A.The logic of preparing for the worst. B.The theory of comparing the past and the future. C.The conflict between people’s expectation and reality. D.The emotions hidden behind anticipating the worst. 解析 主旨大意题。通读第二段可知，一些心理学理论认为，为坏事做准备应该有所帮助，以“决策影响理论”为例，我们对一种情况的感受在一定程度上是由实际发生的事情与可能发生的事情的比较决定的。当一件事超出预期时，人们会感到高兴；当一件事低于预期时，人们可能会感到失望。由此可知，第二段主要讲的是做最坏打算的逻辑。故选A项。 刷阅读理解 4 2.What does the underlined word “undermine” in Paragraph 3 mean?( ) C A.Strengthen. B.Determine. C.Oppose. D.Justify. 解析 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的Some psychological theories suggest that bracing should help.及第三段中的But和It has been theorised—and scientifically established—that expectations can powerfully influence reality.可推断出此处表示意思的转折，即其他心理学理论颠覆了这种看法，故可猜测undermine的意思是“逐渐削弱；暗中破坏”，与oppose意思相近。故选C项。 刷阅读理解 5 3.How can negative expectations probably affect people’s performance in reality?( ) D A.By resulting in unnecessary time waste. B.By promoting people’s ambition and motivation. C.By giving weight to people’s potential of excellence. D.By causing less preparation and some misinterpretations. 解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的 then you might not invest efforts in preparation, which in turn reduces your chances of doing well及you’re likely to interpret blank expressions… which could negatively affect your performance可知，消极预期通过减少准备行为和造成一些误解来影响人们在现实中的表现。故选D项。 刷阅读理解 6 4.What is the author’s attitude towards bracing for the worst?( ) C A.Unclear. B.Objective. C.Negative. D.Approving. 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知，作者认为做最坏的打算不如保持积极的预期，故作者对做最坏的打算持反对态度。故选C项。 刷阅读理解 7 [安徽宿州重点中学2023高二期中联考] Perhaps you use your headphones to enjoy music and peace and quiet during the day.1. . 1 in 5 teens will have some types of hearing loss. It is 30% higher than just 20 years ago, and experts are pinning it on headphones. In fact, headphones are not a bad thing. They can bring peace, allow for better musical enjoyment, and even protect your ears from higher decibels（分贝）.2. . How long should you wear your headphones every day? The answer is, according to the World Health Organization （WHO）, one hour per day.3. . But the fact is that the longer you listen, the sooner you’re going to lose your hearing. To keep hearing loss from happening to you, you should follow the recommendation in place by the WHO that you keep your time with headphones on limited to one hour per day. F D A 刷7选5 8 4. . With headphones, it depends on the type you’re using and your environment. To test things out, you should take them off your ears and extend them in your hands out in front of you. If you still hear your music clearly, you need to turn them down. If you are using open-back headphones, you should try to have a conversation with someone nearby. When you’re able to carry on the conversation clearly, you’re listening at a proper volume. But do remember that never raise the volume on your listening device over 60% of the maximum! E 刷7选5 9 At times, hearing loss isn’t permanent.5. . It usually isn’t noticeable in the beginning. It’s not until it’s too late that most people realise that the damage has been done. The only way to know for sure is to consult your doctor. A.This might seem unreasonable to you. B.At others this loss will build up over time. C.Then, how do you lower the volume of your headphones? D.It’s the duration and volume that cause the problem, however. E.Then, how do you set the safest volume for your headphones? F.But you may be neglecting the dangers of hearing loss with headphones. G.Actually, it’s a wonderful thing to shut out the rest of the world and enjoy your music. B 刷7选5 10 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世卫组织的建议，每天戴耳机的时间应限制在一小时之内，永远不要把你的听力设备的音量调到最大音量的60％以上。 1.___ F 解析 根据设空处前后内容可知，空前提出使用耳机听音乐可以享受宁静，空后用数据具体指出耳机造成的听力丧失。F项与前文构成转折，并引出后文的具体例子。 2.___ D 解析 根据前文In fact, headphones are not a bad thing.They can bring peace… 可知，空前指出了使用耳机的好处。但是第三段介绍了世界卫生组织提出的建议，即不要长时间戴耳机；第四段则建议控制耳机的音量。所以D项承上启下，指出造成问题的是戴耳机的持续时间和耳机的音量。 刷7选5 11 3.___ A 解析 根据前文How long should you wear your headphones every day? The answer is, according to the World Health Organization （WHO）, one hour per day.以及后文But the fact is that the longer you listen, the sooner you’re going to lose your hearing.可知，A项内容承接上文，且和下文构成转折关系，A项中的This指代前文中的one hour per day。 4.___ E 解析 根据后文To test things out, you should take them off your ears and extend them in your hands out in front of you. If you still hear your music clearly, you need to turn them down.可知，空后主要提出如何测试你的耳机音量是否太大。E项与本段主旨一致。 5.___ B 解析 根据空前At times, hearing loss isn’t permanent.可知，空前提出听力丧失不是永久性的。B项中的At others对应At times，此处是说有时听力丧失并不是永久性的，但在其他时候，这种丧失会随着时间而累积，B项中的this loss指代空前的hearing loss。 刷7选5 12 Paige Calendine of Zanesville, Ohio, may look a little different from her teammates, but she’s just as talented—if not more so. Paige was born without legs, but she has . .1. . a lot. Her parents, Sean and Heidi, chose early not to place. .2. . on her. When she was 18 months old, they asked her to enrol（注册）on gymnastics classes to help her . .3. . upper body strength! “Because she was born without legs, she doesn’t know it’s a . .4. .,” Sean explained. “We . .5. . right away that we would not treat her like a disabled child or make things . .6. . for her. We wanted her to learn how to . .7. . the real world.” 刷完形填空 13 In the years since, Paige has . .8. . herself to be a gifted athlete! Today, she’s part of the XceL Team at Zanesville Gymnastics. Her . .9. . has not only inspired her coaches and teammates, but also earned her . .10. .! In a gymnastics competition, the 8-year-old took first place! . .11. ., she is looking forward to trying other sports in the future, including swimming and archery（射箭）! She has never . .12. . her abilities and hopes to encourage others to adopt the same . .13. .. “Face your disadvantage bravely, and you can . .14. . anything that happens in your life,” she said. What an inspiration! Paige has . .15. . that we don’t have to let anything get in the way of doing what we love. 刷完形填空 14 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。佩奇·卡伦丁生来就没有双腿，但是她的父母一直把她当作正常的孩子培养，她已是曾斯维尔体操队的一员，在一次体操比赛中年仅8岁的她获得了第一名。 1.( ) A.suffered B.achieved C.thought D.seen B 解析 根据she’s just as talented可知，佩奇很有天赋；后文谈到她参加体操训练，成为曾斯维尔体操队的一员，而且还获得了体操比赛的第一名，说明她取得了很多成就。故选B项。 2.( ) A.attention B.limits C.association D.goals B 解析 根据When she was 18 months old, they asked her to enrol on gymnastics classes可知，佩奇的父母在她18个月大的时候，就让她注册学习体操课程。由此可知，她的父母很早就选择不会因为她的残疾就给她设定一些限制。故选B项。 3.( ) A.build B.evaluate C.control D.discover A 解析 根据Because she was born without legs可知，佩奇生来就没有双腿，所以她父母将她送去上体操课，帮助她锻炼上半身的力量。故选A项。 刷完形填空 15 4.( ) A.phenomenon B.shame C.burden D.disability D 解析 根据Because she was born without legs可知，因为生来就没有腿，所以佩奇不知道这是一种缺陷。phenomenon意为“现象”；shame意为“羞愧”；burden意为“负担”；disability 意为“缺陷”。故选D项。 5.( ) A.announced B.signalled C.decided D.advocated C 解析 根据When she was 18 months old, they asked her to enrol on gymnastics classes to help her ____ upper body strength!可知，佩奇的父母在她18个月大的时候，就给她报名上体操课，所以此处指在佩奇出生后，他们就决定不会像对待残疾人一样对待她。故选C项。 6.( ) A.accurate B.useful C.easy D.clear C 解析 根据We____ right away that we would not treat her like a disabled child可知，佩奇的父母决定不会像对待残疾人一样对待她，所以也不会因为她是残疾人，就让她的生活变得轻松。故选C项。 刷完形填空 16 7.( ) A.adjust to B.care about C.depend on D.cheer for A 解析 根据语境可知，他们这样做的目的是让她学会如何适应现实世界，不会因为她有缺陷就让她受到特殊照顾。 adjust to意为“适应”；care about意为“关心”；depend on意为“依靠”；cheer for意为“为……欢呼”。故选A项。 8.( ) A.considered B.proved C.believed D.encouraged B 解析 根据Today, she’s part of the XceL Team at Zanesville Gymnastics.和In a gymnastics competition, the 8-year-old took first place!可知，她现在是曾斯维尔体操队的一员，在比赛中还获得了第一名，由此可知她证明了自己是一个有天赋的运动员。故选B项。 9.( ) A.honour B.potential C.desire D.talent D 解析 根据In the years since, Paige has ____ herself to be a gifted athlete!可知，她的天赋激励了她的教练和队友。gifted与talent相呼应。故选D项。 刷完形填空 17 10.( ) A.medals B.skills C.sympathy D.responsibility A 解析 根据the 8-year-old took first place可知，此处指她的天赋让她获得了奖牌。故选A项。 11.( ) A.Unexpectedly B.Randomly C.Unreasonably D.Differently A 解析 根据she is looking forward to trying other sports in the future, including swimming and archery可知，她在体操方面取得了成就，而且她正期待未来可以尝试其他运动，包括游泳、射箭等，这是令人意想不到的。unexpectedly意为“出乎意料地”；randomly意为“随意地”；unreasonably意为“不合理地”；differently意为“不同地”。故选A项。 12.( ) A.analysed B.described C.doubted D.shared C 解析 根据前文提到的内容和后面hopes to encourage others to adopt the same ____可知，佩奇对自己充满信心，从来没有怀疑过自己的能力。故选C项。 刷完形填空 18 13.( ) A.hobby B.attitude C.luck D.concept B 解析 佩奇希望以自己的事迹鼓励其他人也采取同样的态度（对待身体缺陷和生活中发生的其他事情）。故选B项。 14.( ) A.convey B.understand C.select D.overcome D 解析 根据Face your disadvantage bravely和佩奇的故事可知，勇敢地面对自己的劣势，你可以克服生活中发生的任何困难。 convey意为“表达”；understand意为“理解”；select意为“选择”；overcome意为“克服”。故选D项。 15.( ) A.concluded B.directed C.replied D.shown D 解析 根据What an inspiration!和we don’t have to let anything get in the way of doing what we love可知，佩奇向我们诠释了：我们不必让任何事阻碍我们做自己喜欢的事。故选D项。 刷完形填空 19 [广东部分学校2024高二期中联考] Xuan paper is known as the “Paper of Ages”. The term Xuan paper first appeared in a book 1. .（title）On Famous Paintings Through the Ages, 2. . Zhang Yanyuan, a scholar in the Tang Dynasty, described Xuan paper as an ideal carrier for calligraphy and painting. Handmade Xuan paper from Jingxian County, East China’s Anhui Province, 3. .（list） as a tribute （贡品） to the imperial court for its perfect quality during the period. The traditional skill of making Xuan paper is 4. . （extreme） demanding. The bark of the sandalwood （檀香木）, a tree species native 5. . southern China, goes through 108 procedures together with rice straw over the course of three years before it can transform into fine Xuan paper. Making Xuan paper contains 6. . complex procedures that even the most skilled worker can only master a limited number of steps. titled where was listed extremely to such 刷语法填空 20 The flow of ink, both guided and resisted by water, determines the output of Chinese art, and Xuan paper outshines others with its excellent ability 7. . （give） full play to ink. Different proportions of bark to straw during the papermaking process can create different painting paper for artistic 8. . （express） in paintings or calligraphy. Xuan paper 9. . （accompany） the passionate brushstrokes of the Chinese literati for thousands of years. Unlike other forms of paper, it is very resistant to damage brought by time, 10. . （make） the preservation of many valuable works from ancient China possible. to give expression has accompanied/has been accompanying making 刷语法填空 21 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了宣纸的历史以及制作宣纸的流程和工艺。 1.______ titled 解析 句意为：“宣纸”一词最早出现在《历代名画记》一书中，在本书中唐代学者张彦远将宣纸描述为书画的理想载体。句中已有谓语动词appeared，且与设空处无并列连词连接，设空处应用非谓语形式；动词title与其所修饰的名词book之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填titled。 2._______ where 解析 句意见上一题解析。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为On Famous Paintings Through the Ages，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导该从句。故填where。 3.__________ was listed 解析 句意为：产自中国东部安徽省泾县的手工宣纸因其完美的品质在当时被列为朝廷的贡品。设空处为句子的谓语，根据时间状语during the period可知，此处要用一般过去时；主语Handmade Xuan paper和动词list之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语不可数。故填was listed。 刷语法填空 22 4.__________ extremely 解析 句意为：制作宣纸的传统技艺要求极高。设空处修饰形容词demanding，应用副词。故填extremely。 5.___ to 解析 句意为：檀香树是一种原产于中国南方的树种，它的树皮要和稻草混合，经过108道工序，历经三年的时间才能制成精美的宣纸。be native to… 为固定短语，意为“原产于……”。故填to。 6._____ such 解析 句意为：制作宣纸的过程非常复杂，即使是最熟练的工人也只能掌握部分工序。此处表示“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句，根据设空处后的名词词组complex procedures可知，此处为“such+形容词+可数名词复数+that从句”结构，因此设空处应填such。 7.________ to give 解析 句意为：水墨的流动，同时受水的引导和阻力的影响，决定了中国艺术的呈现效果，而宣纸以其出色的润墨性而出类拔萃。ability后一般接动词不定式作后置定语。故填to give。 刷语法填空 23 8._______________ expression 解析 句意为：在造纸过程中，不同比例的树皮和稻草可以制成不同的画纸，用于绘画或书法的艺术表现。设空处作for的宾语，其前有形容词artistic修饰，应用名词。expression意为“表示；表达”，故填expression。 9._____________________________________ has accompanied/has been accompanying 解析 句意为：千百年来，宣纸一直伴随着中国文人的肆意挥毫。根据时间状语for thousands of years可知，此处要用现在完成时或者现在完成进行时，表示发生在过去的动作，一直持续到现在，有可能继续持续下去；主语是Xuan paper，不可数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has accompanied/has been accompanying。 10.________ making 解析 句意为：与其他形式的纸张不同，它能抵御时间带来的破坏，使许多中国古代的珍贵作品得以保存。设空处作结果状语，应用非谓语形式，表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词。故填making。 刷语法填空 24 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 It was Saturday. My daughter and I were chatting in the backyard when I heard someone calling me. I turned around. Standing in the yard was a little boy, strong, brown-haired and dusted with a fine layer of dirt. “William!” I cried in surprise. “What are you doing here?” “I’m taking care of the lawn,” he answered proudly, sticking his chest out—William’s father owned a lawn sodding company. “I’m sure he appreciates that,” I said to my daughter.“This is William, one of my students, Grade 2. He’s a joy to have in class.” It was true. Little William was a delight. He loved plants and animals and playing outside during break. And even though he struggled with his study, he never once complained. There was brightness he brought with him wherever he went. 刷读后续写 25 I’d never forget the day in class when another student was having trouble understanding the lesson.“Don’t worry,” William comforted, eyes wide and sincere. “Sometimes, second grade is really hard.” He was a gentle soul, wise beyond his years. Still, I couldn’t help but worry. Despite his firm determination, William’s grades were poor. Sometimes, I wondered if he’d be able to pass. “See you Monday, Ms Woodall!” he said, running to his father’s side. My daughter and I waved, but William stayed on my mind for the rest of the weekend. Back at school, William’s grades showed no sign of improvement until the last few weeks of the year. When we studied the life cycle of plants, William stood out. I’d never seen him so invested in the classroom. Though I was happy for him, the worry remained. Would he be able to enter Grade Three? Every year, as a class project, each child planted a sunflower seed in one of those containers. I did this every year but had never seen blossom. This year, I together with William, planted 20 seeds behind the library. 刷读后续写 26 注意：续写词数应为150个左右。 Actually, it took too long to see results from daily watering, various results._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ About a month into the summer vacation, I happened to drive by the library.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 刷读后续写 27 【写作提示】 1.材料导读 材料大意 本文讲述了威廉是一个阳光乐观的孩子，尽管他的学习成绩不是很好，但是他积极乐观，乐于助人。这一年，作者和威廉在图书馆后面播下了20颗向日葵种子。 故事背景 二年级的威廉学习成绩不好，但他有着坚定的意志力并喜欢动植物。 主要角色 威廉（乐观向上，喜欢照顾动植物）、作者（威廉的老师） 写作顺序 时间顺序 主要矛盾/需要解决的问题 作者担心威廉的学习成绩，担心他无法升入三年级。 刷读后续写 28 2.续写分析 续写第一段（提示句：事实上，每天浇水也要很长时间才能看到结果，各种各样的结果。） 第一段可描写学生种向日葵过程中的行为表现以及威廉的做法。 续写第二段（提示句：暑假开始大约一个月后，我碰巧开车路过图书馆。） 第二段可描写作者发现向日葵的长势，以及威廉研究向日葵的场景。还可写作者对威廉的看法的转变。 续写线索 种向日葵——大多数孩子和往年一样——威廉照料向日葵——向日葵的长势——作者的感悟及对威廉的看法的转变 刷读后续写 29 3.提分词句 ①动作描写 照顾：take care of/attend to/care for 确保：guarantee/make sure 看见：see ②情绪描写 激动：excited/thrilled 惊讶：amazed/astonished ③高级句型 Planting the seeds was exciting for many students, the growing part much less so.（动名词短语作主语） I found William was there and he told me that he wanted to learn more about sunflowers.（that引导宾语从句） 刷读后续写 30 【参考范文】 Actually, it took too long to see results from daily watering, various results. Planting the seeds was exciting for many students, the growing part much less so. Most kids lost patience and interest. As a result, they forgot to care for their sunflowers-to-be. But not William.Every afternoon, William made sure all the containers were watered and nurtured. About a month into the summer vacation, I happened to drive by the library. I found William was there and he told me that he wanted to learn more about sunflowers. By the last week of school, the shoots were about four inches tall, which really amazed me. In years past, few seeds successfully sprouted. And those that did had never got so tall. But these were different. These were William’s sunflowers. His are what it means to be a teacher. At that moment, I knew I didn’t have to worry about William.I’d seen that special seed planted inside him.Others would too. And, one day, he’d start to grow mature and shine—just like his sunflowers. 刷读后续写 31 核心词汇 1.propose vt.提议；建议 2.interpret vt.解释；说明 3.anything but决不；根本不 进阶词汇 1.potentially adv.可能地，潜在地 2.anticipation n.预期，预料；期盼，期望 构词法 sur- prefix之上；额外的 surpass vt.超过 刷读后续写 32 $$