Unit 2 Onwards and upwards 单元限时小卷-【高中必刷题】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册同步课件（外研版2019）

03 单元限时小卷 建议用时：51分钟 1 [重庆南开中学2024高二月考] As the effects of climate change become more disastrous, well-known research institutions and government agencies are focusing new money and attention on an idea: artificially cooling the planet, in the hope of buying humanity more time to cut greenhouse gas emissions. That strategy, called solar climate intervention or solar geoengineering, involves reflecting more of the sun’s energy back into space—abruptly reducing global temperatures in a way that imitates the effects of ash clouds flowing out from the volcanic eruptions. The idea has been considered as a dangerous and illusory （虚假的） solution, one that would encourage people to keep burning fossil fuels （化石燃料） while exposing the planet to unexpected and potentially threatening side effects. But as global warming continues, producing more destructive hurricanes, wildfires, floods and other disasters, some researchers and policy experts say that concerns about geoengineering should be outweighed by the urgency to better understand it, in case the consequence of climate change becomes so terrible that the world can’t wait for better solutions. 刷阅读理解 2 One way to cool the earth is by injecting aerosols （气溶胶） into the upper layer of the atmosphere, where those particles reflect sunlight away from the earth. That process works, according to Douglas MacMartin, a researcher at Cornell University. “We know with 100% certainty that we can cool the planet,” he said in an interview. What’s still unclear, he added, is what happens next. Temperature, MacMartin said, is an indicator for a lot of climate effects.“What does it do to the strength of hurricanes?” he asked.“What does it do to agriculture production? What does it do to the risk of forest fires?” Another institution funded by the National Science Foundation will analyse hundreds of simulations （模拟） of aerosol injection, testing the effects on weather extremes around the world. One goal of the research is to look for a sweet spot: the amount of artificial cooling that can reduce extreme weather events without causing broader changes in regional rainfall patterns or similar impacts. 刷阅读理解 3 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了随着气候变化的影响越来越有破坏性，知名研究机构和政府机构正将新的资金和注意力集中在一个想法上：人为冷却地球，希望为人类争取更多时间来减少温室气体排放。 1.Why do research institutions and government agencies work on cooling the earth?( ) C A.To prevent natural disasters. B.To imitate volcanic eruptions. C.To win more time to reduce gas emissions. D.To encourage more people to burn fossil fuels. 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的artificially cooling the planet, in the hope of buying humanity more time to cut greenhouse gas emissions可知，知名研究机构和政府机构打算人为冷却地球的目的是为人类争取更多时间来减少温室气体排放。故选C项。 刷阅读理解 4 2.What are researchers worried about in terms of global warming?( ) D A.There will be more volcanic eruptions. B.More solar energy will go into space. C.People will burn more fossil fuels to keep warm. D.More disasters will endanger the future of the world. 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的But as global warming continues, producing more destructive hurricanes, wildfires, floods and other disasters以及the consequence of climate change becomes so terrible that the world can’t wait for better solutions可知，研究人员担心随着全球变暖的持续，产生更具破坏性的飓风、野火、洪水和其他灾难，后果十分可怕。故选D项。 刷阅读理解 5 3.What can be inferred from Douglas’ words in an interview?( ) A A.He thinks more research remains to be done. B.He is optimistic about the effect of cooling the earth. C.He disapproves of the practice of solar climate intervention. D.He is concerned about the reduction in agriculture production. 解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的What’s still unclear, he added, is what happens next.Temperature, MacMartin said, is an indicator for a lot of climate effects.可知，麦克马丁尚不清楚接下来会发生什么，由此可推测出他认为需要做更多的研究。故选A项。 刷阅读理解 6 4.What do the underlined words “a sweet spot” in the last paragraph mean?( ) B A.The rainfall pattern of a region. B.The modest drop in temperature. C.The injection amount of aerosols. D.The number of extreme weather events. 解析 词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的the amount of artificial cooling that can reduce extreme weather events without causing broader changes in regional rainfall patterns or similar impacts可知，冒号后的内容是对画线短语的解释说明，即指可以减少极端天气事件的人工冷却量，同时又不会对区域降雨模式造成更大变化或有类似影响。由此可猜测，a sweet spot指“适度降低气温”。故选B项。 刷阅读理解 7 长难句分析 句意：随着气候变化的影响越来越具灾难性，知名研究机构和政府机构正将新的资金和注意力集中在一个想法上：人为冷却地球，希望为人类减少温室气体排放争取更多时间。 刷阅读理解 8 [浙江浙南名校联盟2023高二期中] As the cooler days of autumn arrive in the northern part of the world, people are clearing out old plants and planning new gardens for next year. 1. . If the plants have got larger than their original containers during their time outside, you can replant them into larger ones.2. . And replant them with fresh potting soil, and then water them. If you are having trouble removing the plants from their containers, or pots, check to see if the roots have come through the drainage （排水） holes at the bottom of the pot. If they have, gently pull or cut the extra roots to help remove the plant. You can always divide plants like spider plants and flamingo flowers into two or more individual plants. Firstly, shake off any extra soil carefully. Secondly, find the connection between the root system and the plant’s top growth and pull apart the roots gently. 3. . Be sure that there are at least three healthy leaves attached to the root system of each new plant. Lastly, place each new plant in its container. Be sure to use fresh soil mix. Water the plants well until new plants form. F E D 刷7选5 9 All houseplants that spent time outside should be moved to a shady area for a week before going inside for the winter season. 4. . Continue to water the plant regularly during this time. After a week, look for insects on the plant, especially under the leaves. 5. . If you are still worried about insects, you can spray the plants with neem oil mixed with water. And complete the move inside before temperatures drop below 12.7 degrees Celsius. A.You can then water the plants. B.Inside houseplants still need care too. C.This helps the plant get used to lower light levels. D.Or you could cut through them with a sharp knife. E.Choose a container that is no more than 5 centimetres wider than the original. F.However, outside plants will also need help to return to the inside environment. G.Wash the leaves with water to make sure there are no uninvited guests, like pests. C G 刷7选5 10 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了关于如何把室外的植物移植到室内的一些建议。 1.___ F 解析 根据上文As the cooler days of autumn arrive in the northern part of the world, people are clearing out old plants and planning new gardens for next year.并结合下文如何把户外的植物移植到室内的建议可知，设空处提出室外的植物也要搬回室内。F项中的also是关键词，除了清理枯萎的植物之外，室外的植物也需要移植到室内。F项承上启下，符合语境。故选F项。 2.___ E 解析 根据上文If the plants have got larger than their original containers during their time outside, you can replant them into larger ones.可推知，设空处应陈述新容器究竟应该有多大。E项承接上文，说明选择的更大的容器直径比原来容器的直径长不超过5厘米。故选E项。 刷7选5 11 3.___ D 解析 根据上文Secondly, find the connection between the root system and the plant’s top growth and pull apart the roots gently.可知，此处在陈述把植物的根系分开的方法，这需要轻轻拉开植物的根系，D项（或者你可以用一把锋利的刀把它们切开）说的也是把植物的根系分开的方法，承接上文。故选D项。 4.___ C 解析 上文All houseplants that spent time outside should be moved to a shady area for a week before going inside for the winter season.讲的是所有在室外生长的室内植物都应该移到阴凉的地方放一个星期，然后再移到室内过冬，这有助于室内植物适应低光照，C项中的lower light levels呼应上文的a shady area。故选C项。 5.___ G 解析 上文After a week, look for insects on the plant, especially under the leaves.讲的是在植物的叶子底下寻找虫子，insects是关键词。下文再次出现了insects并给出除去虫子的做法，所以设空处的内容应与除去害虫有关，空后的still是关键词。故选G项。 刷7选5 12 [河北邢台五校质检联盟2024高二期中] We’ve all had a wrong number text before, but how often do they lead to years-long friendships? For Jamal and Wanda, a . .1. . text has resulted in seven years of shared Thanksgiving dinners! In 2016, the 17-year-old Jamal received a text, . .2. . from his grandma, asking if he would . .3. . it to Thanksgiving that year. After exchanging a few . .4. ., it soon became clear that the text’s sender, Wanda, was not . .5. . his grandma. She invited Jamal to the . .6. . though, and after Jamal . .7. . the exchange on the Internet, the pair went viral. Spending Thanksgiving together has become an . .8. . thing for Jamal and Wanda, with the year of 2023 . .9. . the tradition’s eighth anniversary. Their friendship has gone from strength to strength, even through . .10. . like the passing of Wanda’s husband, Lonnie. 刷完形填空 13 Wanda said, “Jamal . .11. . me that age made absolutely no difference. When Jamal came along, my husband and I and Jamal and his girlfriend, we would go out to dinner throughout the year together and we would just lose all track of . .12. .. One time, we were at a restaurant for three or four hours and I couldn’t . .13. . we were there that long. We kept talking! It was just such a . .14. . conversation.” Thanks to the wrong number text, the two have developed a deep friendship. The pair have even gone into . .15. . together, launching a water company. 刷完形填空 14 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是一条错误的短信息让两个人建立了友谊并一直持续下去的故事。 1.( ) A.suitable B.mistaken C.strange D.tricky B 解析 根据上文中的We’ve all had a wrong number text before, but how often do they lead to years-long friendships? 及第二段的描述可知，此处指错误的短信，wrong与mistaken意义相近，是词汇复现。suitable意为“适合的”；mistaken意为“错误的；被误解的”；strange意为“奇怪的”；tricky意为“难对付的”。故选B项。 刷完形填空 15 【方法总结】利用首句信息进行推断 完形填空一般无标题，首句一般不设空，这是为了给考生提供一个清晰而完整的背景。记叙文首句往往介绍事件发生的时间、地点、人物和起因等细节信息，说明文和议论文一般通过文章首句点明全文的主题。仔细分析文章的首句，往往能获取许多解题信息，从而节省做题时间。 （1）利用首句可以帮助我们判断文章的体裁，捕捉文章的要素，预测故事的发展。 （2）利用首句可抓住文章的核心及中心话题，这对于理解全文和解题有着重要的启示作用。 刷完形填空 2.( ) A.supposedly B.admittedly C.hurriedly D.decidedly A 解析 根据下文的After exchanging a few ______ , it soon became clear that the text’s sender, Wanda, was not ______ his grandma.可知，在互发几条信息后，贾迈勒发现发送者不是他的奶奶，由此可知，此处指贾迈勒当时收到的短信可能是他奶奶发来的。supposedly意为“根据推测；可能”；admittedly意为“诚然”；hurriedly意为“匆忙地”；decidedly意为“果断地；确实”。故选A项。 3.( ) A.take B.have C.make D.get C 解析 根据下文中的She invited Jamal to the ______ though可知，她邀请贾迈勒共进晚餐，由此可知，此处指万达询问贾迈勒是否能来过感恩节。make it 意为“能够出席”，符合语境。故选C项。 刷完形填空 17 【知识拓展】make it一词多义 （1）获得成功；（2）（尤指在困难情况下）准时到达；（3）能够出席（或到场）；（4）幸免于难；渡过难关。 刷完形填空 4.( ) A.objects B.options C.journals D.texts D 解析 根据下文中的it soon became clear that the text’s sender可知，此处指互发几条短信后贾迈勒发现短信的发送者万达实际上并不是他的奶奶。object意为“物体；物品”；option意为“可选择的事物；选择”；journal意为“杂志”；text意为“（手机）短信息”。故选D项。 5.( ) A.in fact B.after all C.at once D.on time A 解析 根据上文中的it soon became clear that the text’s sender可知，实际上发短信的不是他的奶奶。in fact意为“实际上”；after all意为“毕竟”；at once意为“立即；马上”；on time意为“准时”。故选A项。 6.( ) A.wedding B.dinner C.dance D.concert B 解析 根据上文中的shared Thanksgiving dinners可知，此处指万达邀请贾迈勒一起吃感恩节晚餐。故选B项。 刷完形填空 19 7.( ) A.broke B.found C.left D.shared D 解析 根据下文的on the Internet, the pair went viral可知，此处指贾迈勒把这段对话分享在网上。share意为“分享”，符合语境。故选D项。 8.( ) A.annual B.easy C.occasional D.obvious A 解析 根据下文的the year of 2023 ______ the tradition’s eighth anniversary可知，一起过感恩节已经成为贾迈勒和万达每年要做的事情。annual意为“每年的”；easy意为“容易的”；occasional意为“偶然的”；obvious意为“显而易见的”。故选A项。 9.( ) A.placing B.viewing C.marking D.receiving C 解析 根据上文的Spending Thanksgiving together has become an ______ thing for Jamal and Wanda及设空处后的the tradition’s eighth anniversary可知，在一起过感恩节是他们两个人每年要做的事情，由此可知，2023年是他们维持这一传统的八周年纪念。place意为“放置”；view意为“把……视为”；mark意为“纪念；庆贺”；receive意为“收到”。故选C项。 刷完形填空 20 【知识拓展】mark熟词生义 熟义：n.记号；符号；污点 vt.做标记；标示 生义：vt.纪念；庆贺；是……的迹象；表明；赋予特征 刷完形填空 21 10.( ) A.events B.festivals C.celebrations D.elements A 解析 根据设空处后的like the passing of Wanda’s husband, Lonnie可知，万达的丈夫去世应是重大事件。event意为“重要事情；大事”；festival意为“节日”；celebration意为“庆祝；庆祝活动”；element意为“要素；基本部分”。故选A项。 11.( ) A.offered B.taught C.advised D.promised B 解析 根据下文的When Jamal came along, my husband and I and Jamal and his girlfriend, we would go out to dinner throughout the year together… 可知，贾迈勒与他的女朋友和万达与她的丈夫经常一起出去聚餐，由此可知，此处指贾迈勒教会万达年龄没什么影响。offer意为“主动提供”；teach意为“教”；advise意为“建议”；promise意为“承诺”。故选B项。 12.( ) A.goals B.food C.projects D.time D 解析 根据下文的One time, we were at a restaurant for three or four hours and I couldn’t _____ we were there that long.可知，有一次他们一起出去吃饭，在一家餐馆待了三四个小时，由此可知，此处指他们完全忘记了时间。故选D项。 刷完形填空 22 13.( ) A.believe B.claim C.prove D.mention A 解析 根据上文的One time, we were at a restaurant for three or four hours可知，他们在一家餐馆待了三四个小时，这是让万达不敢相信的事情。believe意为“相信”；claim意为“宣称；声称”；prove意为“证明”；mention意为“提到；说到”。故选A项。 14.( ) A.stable B.brave C.wonderful D.modest C 解析 根据上文的One time, we were at a restaurant for three or four hours and I couldn’t ______ we were there that long.We kept talking! 可知，他们在一家餐馆待了三四个小时，一直在聊天，由此可知，他们的谈话应该是精彩的。stable意为“稳定的”；brave意为“勇敢的”；wonderful意为“精彩的”；modest意为“谦虚的”。故选C项。 15.( ) A.amusement B.business C.education D.politics B 解析 根据下文的launching a water company可知，他们还一起成立了水务公司，由此可知，此处指他们一起做生意。故选B项。 刷完形填空 23 [湖北荆州八县（市、区）2024高二期末联考] Puxian Opera was performed on the stage of China Media Group’s 2023 Spring Festival Gala. This was the first time that this opera style 1. . （take） the stage of the Spring Festival Gala, bringing the long-lasting art form to a global audience. Puxian Opera is a local one with a long history in Fujian Province, 2. . can date back to the Tang and Song dynasties. The opera was later popularised over time, and now there are more than 5,000 plays 3. . （preserve） in modern day times. The rich tunes of Puxian Opera tell many ancient stories and folk tales, reflecting the lifestyle 4. . values of ancient people. The opera 5. . （sing） in a Fujian dialect by performers and is accompanied by stage 6. . （performance） inspired by puppet （木偶） shows.7. . （it） long history and rich cultural values have made Puxian Opera “a living fossil of the opera of South China”. Puxian Opera was listed 8. . an intangible cultural heritage of China in 2006.With more people 9. . （develop） interest in Puxian Opera in recent years, the cultural heritage is under better protection. There are hundreds of Puxian Opera troupes （剧团） in Fujian, whose fans can 10. . （easy） get show tickets both online and offline. had taken which preserved and is sung performances Its as developing easily 刷语法填空 24 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了历史悠久的地方戏曲——莆仙戏，包括其历史、主题、表演形式和目前的发展情况等相关信息。 1.__________ had taken 解析 句意为：这是这一剧种第一次登上春晚舞台，将这种源远流长的艺术形式推向全球观众。此处为this was the first time that… had done句型，意为“这是第一次……”，主句为一般过去时，that从句应用过去完成时。故填had taken。 2._______ which 解析 句意为：莆仙戏是福建省历史悠久的地方剧种，可以追溯到唐宋时期。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Puxian Opera，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 刷语法填空 25 3._________ preserved 解析 句意为：后来，随着时间的推移，这种戏曲得到了普及，目前现代保留下来的戏曲剧目已超过5,000出。分析句子结构可知，设空处作后置定语，修饰plays，应用非谓语形式，preserve和plays之间为逻辑上的被动关系，且动作已完成，应用过去分词。故填preserved。 4._____ and 解析 句意为：莆仙戏丰富的曲调讲述着许多古老的故事和民间传说，反映了古代人的生活方式和价值观。设空处连接lifestyle和values，两者之间是并列关系，共同作reflecting的宾语，应用and连接。 5.________ is sung 解析 句意为：该戏曲由表演者用福建方言演唱，并伴有舞台表演，这些表演受木偶戏启发。设空处作句子的谓语，结合and后的并列谓语is accompanied可知，此处为客观介绍，应用一般现在时，sing和主语The opera之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是单数，故填is sung。 刷语法填空 26 6._____________ performances 解析 句意见上一题解析。设空处作介词by的宾语，performance在此处意为“表演”，为可数名词，设空处前没有表示单数概念的修饰限定词，此处应用复数形式，表泛指。故填performances。 7.____ Its 解析 句意为：悠久的历史和丰富的文化价值使莆仙戏成为“中国南戏的活化石”。设空处修饰名词短语long history and rich cultural values，作定语，应用形容词性物主代词。故填Its。 8.___ as 解析 句意为：2006年，莆仙戏被列为中国非物质文化遗产。be listed as为固定搭配，意为“被列为”。故填as。 刷语法填空 27 9.___________ developing 解析 句意为：近年来，随着更多的人对莆仙戏产生兴趣，这一文化遗产得到了更好的保护。此处为“with+宾语+宾补”复合结构，develop和more people之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填developing。 10.______ easily 解析 句意为：福建有数百个莆仙戏剧团，戏迷们可以很容易地在线上或线下买到演出门票。设空处修饰动词get，应用副词，作状语。故填easily。 刷语法填空 28 [山东潍坊2024阶段练习] 假定你是李华，你班本周Class Report的主题是A Man of Perseverance。请你写一篇发言稿，内容包括： 1.人物事迹简介； 2.给你的启示。 注意：写作词数应为80个左右。 Good morning, everyone. Today, I’d like to share a story about a man of perseverance._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thanks for your listening. 刷应用文写作 29 【写作提示】 1.思路点拨 2.提分词句 make countless attempts to do sth、lead sb to…、remind sb that…、现在分词短语作状语（experiencing over a thousand failures）、not… but…、it is… that… 强调句（It is through persistence that…）、in conclusion、embrace等。 刷应用文写作 30 【参考范文】 Good morning, everyone.Today, I’d like to share a story about a man of perseverance. Thomas Edison, the great inventor, made countless attempts to invent the electric light bulb, experiencing over a thousand failures.However, instead of giving up, he famously said, “I have not failed.I’ve just found 10,000 ways that won’t work.” His persistence and refusal to accept defeat ultimately led him to success, forever changing the world. This story always reminds me that failure is not a reason to quit but an opportunity to learn and grow.It is through persistence that we can overcome obstacles and achieve our goals.In conclusion, let us embrace perseverance in our own lives. Thanks for your listening. 刷应用文写作 31 核心词汇 1.disastrous adj.灾难性的；极糟糕的 2.in the hope of… 希望…… 3.imitate vt.模仿；仿效 4.consequence n.后果；结果 5.in terms of… 谈及；就……而言；在……方面 6.container n.容器；集装箱 7.remove vt.移开；去除；使消失；开除；脱去（衣服等） 8.shake off 抖落；治好（疾病）；摆脱（问题）；甩掉（某人） 9.result in导致；造成 刷应用文写作 32 进阶词汇 1.artificially adv.人为地 2.intervention n.干预；介入 3.abruptly adv.突然地；意外地 4.spray vt.& vi.喷；喷洒；向……喷洒 n.喷雾；喷剂 5.viral adj.（信息、视频、图像等）在网上快速传播的 6.go from strength to strength不断取得成功；越来越兴旺发达 构词法 1.geo- combining form地球的 geoengineering n.地球工程；气候工程 2.re- prefix 又；再；重新 replant vt. & vi.再植；重新栽种 刷应用文写作 33 $$