Unit 3 Conservation 单元限时小卷-【高中必刷题】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册同步课件（北师大版2019）

05 单元限时小卷 1 [河南省实验中学2024高二期中] You know the feeling. You finish a full meal and are like “I’m never eating again.” But then, out comes a beautiful piece of cake. And, you said you were full, but not for dessert! It turns out you really can “make room” for dessert. And there’s a scientific reason why. The thing that gives you room for dessert is called “sensory-specific satiety”. That’s what Dr Rolls, a nutritional scientist, has been studying since the 1980s. Here is how her experiment went. She gave six people a giant plate of spaghetti and told them to eat until they were full. And then, for the second course, she gave them more. Then, she gave them ice cream. On average, after they said they were full on spaghetti, each person could eat just one more ounce of it in their second serving. But when she gave them ice cream, somehow they could eat three times as much. They “made room” for dessert. 刷阅读理解 2 The experiment shows that when you feel full, it’s not necessarily that your stomach is physically full. It’s more about how interested you are in eating more. Sensory-specific satiety is the change in how much you like a food, how much you want to eat, as you’re eating it. “I’ve just had enough of the food; I want something else” is really what sensory-specific satiety is. And that natural ability has a purpose: it’s meant to keep us healthy. It’s going to help to guarantee that we’re going to eat the variety of nutrients that we need. However, it can backfire of course, because if we are presented with a variety of foods, it makes us extra likely to overeat. 刷阅读理解 3 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。实验表明，当你在吃一种食物感到饱的时候，并不一定是因为你的胃饱了，这种现象叫感官特异性饱腹感。 1.What’s the purpose of the first paragraph?( ) A A.To lead to the main topic. B.To make a comparison. C.To amuse the readers. D.To summarise the main idea. 解析 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句And there’s a scientific reason why.可知，第一段是通过一个事例来引出下文的研究，也就是本文的主题——感官特异性饱腹感。故选A项。 刷阅读理解 4 2.According to Dr Rolls, why did the people “make room” for ice cream?( ) B A.They had a wrong feeling. B.There was a change in the food variety. C.They lied about feeling full. D.The ice cream was more delicious. 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“I’ve just had enough of the food; I want something else” is really what sensory-specific satiety is.以及最后一段中It’s going to help to guarantee that we’re going to eat the variety of nutrients that we need. However, it can backfire of course, because if we are presented with a variety of foods, it makes us extra likely to overeat.可知，人们之所以在吃饱一样食物之后还能吃下别的东西，最关键的原因在于食物的种类发生了变化。故选B项。 刷阅读理解 5 3.What does the underlined word “backfire” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?( ) C A.Consume much energy. B.Discourage people from eating. C.Have the opposite result. D.Produce a helpful effect. 解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的And that natural ability has a purpose: it’s meant to keep us healthy.可知，感官特异性饱腹感这种自然能力是为了让我们保持健康，However后的内容表示语义转折，根据if we are presented with a variety of foods, it makes us extra likely to overeat可知，如果我们面对各种各样的食物，就更容易暴饮暴食，所以画线单词意思是适得其反。故选C项。 刷阅读理解 6 4.In which section of a newspaper may the text appear?( ) D A.Entertainment. B.Education. C.Culture. D.Health. 解析 推理判断题。本文介绍了感官特异性饱腹感这种现象，即当你感到饱的时候，并不一定是你的胃饱了，可能只是想换一种食物吃，最后一段指出，感官特异性饱腹感这种自然能力有助于保证我们摄入所需的各种营养，但也会适得其反，让人们暴饮暴食。由此可知，这篇文章来自报纸的健康版块。故选D项。 刷阅读理解 7 [四川成都七中2024高二期中] If you have watched the amazing Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, chances are that you have fallen in love with some winter sports and you’re already making sure your equipment is ready for them. 1. . However, there’s another element to get ready for the slopes: your body. Even if you exercise regularly, skiing, snowshoeing or skating challenge your muscles in ways other activities don’t. 2. . Your metabolism（新陈代谢）increases to warm you up. Your heart and lungs also need to work harder to warm air before it enters your body. Depending on the sport, certain muscles may also be used more frequently compared to activities in other seasons. The good news is that most winter sports involve heart endurance, muscle strength and muscle endurance. 3. . 刷7选5 8 But there are still some other things to think about. Skiing and snowboarding are great winter sports that provide a total body workout. 4. . As anyone who has spent time skiing or snowboarding can prove, after a long day on the slopes, the body becomes extremely tired. And that is when injuries are more likely to occur. 5. . Before the winter season, a regular exercise programme should include exercises that get the blood running while challenging the entire body, such as stair climbing or running. The intensity should vary from 20 to 45 minutes at least 3 to 5 days a week. As winter nears, adding a cardio workout（有氧运动）longer in duration but lower in intensity can help increase endurance. A.Maybe you haven’t bought all the equipment. B.Exercising in the cold decreases your body temperature. C.You should take advantage of this opportunity to have a rest. D.Probably, you have got your skis tuned and skates sharpened. E.However, it can be hard on the body the first time you hit the slopes. F.All of them are areas which can be trained before the winter season comes. G.To avoid this, you need to take some time to strengthen your body and improve endurance. 刷7选5 9 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何为冬季运动做好热身准备。 1.___ D 解析 根据上文的you’re already making sure your equipment is ready for them及下文的However, there’s another element to get ready for the slopes: your body.可知，设空处应介绍准备好了哪些装备，D项（也许你已经调好了滑雪板，磨尖了冰鞋）符合语境，承接上文，并与下文形成转折。 2.___ B 解析 根据下文的Your metabolism increases to warm you up. Your heart and lungs also need to work harder to warm air before it enters your body.可知，为了让你暖和起来，你的新陈代谢会加快，心脏和肺也更加努力地工作来加热空气，由此可知，B项（在寒冷的天气里锻炼会降低你的体温）符合语境，引起下文。 刷7选5 10 3.___ F 解析 根据上文的The good news is that most winter sports involve heart endurance, muscle strength and muscle endurance.可知，大多数冬季运动都涉及心脏耐力、肌肉力量和肌肉耐力，设空处应对这些方面进行进一步说明，F项（这些都是可以在冬季到来之前进行训练的地方）承接上文，符合语境，并且F项中的them指代上文的heart endurance, muscle strength and muscle endurance。 4.___ E 解析 空前的Skiing and snowboarding are great winter sports that provide a total body workout.说明滑雪和单板滑雪是很好的冬季运动，空后的As anyone who has spent time skiing or snowboarding can prove, after a long day on the slopes, the body becomes extremely tired.说明滑雪和单板滑雪这两项运动是很累人的，设空处应提及这两项运动的不易，E项（然而，当你第一次上斜坡时，你的身体可能会很难受）说明了这一点，承上启下，符合语境。 刷7选5 11 5.___ G 解析 空前的And that is when injuries are more likely to occur.说明在这个时候容易受伤，G项（为了避免这种情况，你需要花一些时间来增强你的体质和提高耐力）介绍了避免受伤的方法，承接上文，且G项中的this指代空前提到的容易受伤这种情况。 刷7选5 12 [河北邢台重点高中2024高二期末联考] Chris Raven, a former IT professional, found a new career after retirement. As a child, he took a(n) . .1. . to woodwork and music, but his career took a different . .2. .. After retirement, he . .3. . his two loves and became a flute （长笛） maker. Raven . .4. . this unique journey at the age of 70, after decades working in IT. He was . .5. . in a musical family, with both his parents . .6. . in music. He played the flute in his teenage years. And his love for the . .7. . was reawakened in his 40s. Due to a long lack of practice, his woodworking skills has . .8. .. One day, Raven found his old school reports . .9. ., which showed his best subjects were music and woodwork. That led him to . .10. . his passion for the two again. Around the age of 70, he signed up for an Irish flute-making workshop. . .11. ., Raven spends at least four days a week in the workshop, carefully . .12. . each flute. He has . .13. . his skills in woodturning, silverwork, leatherwork, and French polishing. He even cleared out his garage to settle a lathe （车床）, bandsaws, a milling machine and other . .14. .. Raven loves the feel of the wood and the smell of it when he is working. He feels . .15. . with his work, stating, “You could call it a job, but I never think of it as that.” 刷完形填空 13 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了生长在音乐家庭的克里斯·雷文在孩提时代就对木工和音乐情有独钟，但他的事业却走上了不同的道路。退休后，他把自己的两种爱好结合起来，成为一名长笛制作者。 1.( ) A.excuse B.fancy C.rest D.ear B 解析 根据后文的his two loves可知，他喜欢木工和音乐。take a fancy to意为“喜欢上”。故选B项。 2.( ) A.path B.view C.tone D.seat A 解析 根据上文和空前的but可知，他喜欢木工和音乐，但他的事业却走了一条不同的道路。故选A项。 3.( ) A.showed B.developed C.combined D.quit C 解析 根据下文内容可知，退休后雷文开始自己制作长笛，由此可推知，此处表示他把自己的两种爱好结合起来。故选C项。 刷完形填空 14 4.( ) A.continued B.recognised C.ended D.started D 解析 根据前文的After retirement, he ____ his two loves and became a flute maker.和后文at the age of 70, after decades working in IT 可知，在IT行业工作了几十年之后，雷文在70岁时开始了制作长笛。故选D项。 5.( ) A.educated B.raised C.settled D.engaged B 解析 根据后文的in a musical family, with both his parents ____ in music可知，他成长在一个音乐家庭。raise意为“养育；抚养”，故选B项。 6.( ) A.involved B.disappointed C.strict D.confident A 解析 根据上文中的a musical family可知，雷文成长在一个音乐家庭，他的父母都是从事与音乐相关的工作。be involved in意为“参与”，故选A项。disappointed意为“失望的”；strict意为“严格的”。 刷完形填空 15 7.( ) A.product B.instrument C.fashion D.tendency B 解析 根据上文内容和空前的He played the flute in his teenage years.可知，他从小喜欢音乐，十几岁时开始练习吹长笛，此处表示他对这种乐器的热情被重新燃起。the instrument指上文中出现的the flute。故选B项。 8.( ) A.functioned B.survived C.sharpened D.declined D 解析 根据空前的Due to a long lack of practice可知，长期缺乏练习导致他的木工技术水平下降了。decline意为“下降；衰退”，故选D项。function意为“起作用”；survive意为“存活”；sharpen意为“提高”。 9.( ) A.with ease B.on purpose C.by chance D.in advance C 解析 根据语境并结合选项可知，此处表示雷文偶然发现了他以前的学校成绩单。by chance意为“偶然”， 故选C项。with ease意为“轻松地”；on purpose意为“故意地”；in advance意为“提前”。 刷完形填空 16 10.( ) A.stir up B.give up C.figure out D.hold back A 解析 根据上文中的his best subjects were music and woodwork可知，他的成绩单让他对音乐和木工的热爱重新燃起。stir up意为“激起”，故选A项。give up意为“放弃”；figure out意为“弄清楚；计算”；hold back意为“控制（情感）”。 11.( ) A.Curiously B.Fortunately C.Finally D.Currently D 解析 根据后文的Raven spends at least four days a week in the workshop可知，雷文开始制作长笛，现在他每周至少花四天时间参加研习班。故选D项。 刷完形填空 17 12.( ) A.observing B.painting C.crafting D.delivering C 解析 根据下文中提到的wood turning, silverwork, leatherwork, and French polishing可知，雷文是手工制作长笛。craft意为“（尤指用手工）精心制作”，故选C项。observe意为“观察；注意到；庆祝”；deliver意为“运送；递送”。 13.( ) A.required B.bettered C.abandoned D.forgotten B 解析 根据上文叙述可知，雷文的木工技艺原本生疏了，他报了研习班，认真制作每一支长笛，所以此处表示他在木工车床加工、银器、皮革制品和法式抛光方面的技能都有所提高。better意为“改善；改进；胜过；超过”，故选B项。 【知识拓展】better熟词生义 熟义：adj.（good的比较级）更好的；较好的 adv.（well的比较级）更好地；更加地 生义：n. 更好的人或事物 vt. 改善；改进；胜过，超过；优于 刷完形填空 18 14.( ) A.luggage B.species C.furniture D.equipment D 解析 根据前文的settle a lathe, bandsaws, a milling machine可知，他为了制作长笛安置了车床、带锯、铣床和其他设备。故选D项。 15.( ) A.content B.bored C.honest D.familiar A 解析 根据前文的Raven loves the feel of the wood and the smell of it when he is working.可知，他对自己的工作很满意。故选A项。 刷完形填空 19 [河北石家庄二中2023高二月考] A fan can drive summer heat away and help bring a cool breeze （微风）. It also can be used as 1. . decoration. China has always been regarded as “the kingdom of fans”. 2. . ancient times, the Chinese fan has been carrying artistic and unique 3. .（nation）style. The fan first appeared in China about 3,000 years ago, around the Shang Dynasty. In the early period, the fan was called “the fan of honour”, 4. .（serve）as the symbol of etiquette （礼仪）. After the Qin and Han Dynasties, the main 5. . （shape） of fans were square, round and hexagon （成六边形的）. The materials used to make fans 6. . （be） mainly silk. People called the silk fans “court fans” because they were often used in the royal court. The person 7. . held the silk fan always looked gentle. a Since/From national serving shapes were who/that 刷语法填空 20 During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the common fans were round fans, feather fans, and some paper fans. The folding fan 8. . （gradual） became popular after the Song Dynasty. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the folding fan was popular in Zhejiang, Suzhou and Sichuan. Then the 9. . （popular） of writing poems and drawing pictures on the cover of a fan was rising. Later, this skill 10. . （introduce） to Europe and other parts of the world. gradually popularity was introduced 刷语法填空 21 1.___ a 解析 根据语境可知，此处表示泛指，意为“一种装饰品”，应用不定冠词。decoration的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 2._________ Since/From 解析 句意为：中国扇子自古以来就承载着艺术和独特的民族风格。分析句子结构可知，____ ancient times在句中作时间状语，空后为名词短语ancient times，设空处应填介词；根据句子谓语has been carrying可知，此处与现在完成进行时搭配使用，表示“自……以来”，故填Since/From。 【易错警示】此题易误填In。考生易根据常用搭配in ancient times填In。in ancient times意为“在古代”，句子应该用一般过去时。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了有关中国扇子的历史。 刷语法填空 22 3.________ national 解析 句意见上一题解析。修饰名词style应用形容词national作定语。故填national。 4.________ serving 解析 句意为：在早期，扇子被称为“荣誉之扇”，是礼仪的象征。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语was called，所以设空处应用非谓语动词作状语，句子主语the fan和serve之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填serving。 5._______ shapes 解析 句意为：秦汉以后，扇子的形状主要有方形、圆形和六边形。由空前的main和空后的of可知，设空处应填名词作主语；再由谓语动词were可知，此处应用名词复数形式。故填shapes。 刷语法填空 23 6.______ were 解析 句意为：用于制作扇子的材料主要是丝绸。used to make fans为主语The materials的定语。此处陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，主语为The materials，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填were。 7._________ who/that 解析 句意为：拿着丝扇的人总是显得很温柔。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为The person，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导该从句。故填who/that。 刷语法填空 24 8._________ gradually 解析 句意为：宋朝以后，折扇逐渐流行起来。修饰动词became应用副词，作状语。故填gradually。 9.__________ popularity 解析 句意为：后来，在扇子上写诗和画画越来越受欢迎。由空前的定冠词the和空后的of可知，设空处应填名词，popularity意为“流行；受欢迎”，表抽象概念，不可数。故填popularity。 10.______________ was introduced 解析 句意为：后来，这个技能被引入欧洲和世界其他地方。此处陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，主语this skill和introduce之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，主语为单数概念，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填was introduced。 刷语法填空 25 [全国新高考Ⅰ2023年1月·浙江] 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I was invited to a cookout on an old friend’s farm in western Washington. I parked my car outside the farm and walked past a milking house which had apparently not been used in many years. A noise at a window caught my attention, so I entered it. It was a hummingbird（蜂鸟）, desperately trying to escape. She was covered in spider-webs（蛛网）and was barely able to move her wings. She ceased her struggle the instant I picked her up. With the bird in my cupped hand, I looked around to see how she had gotten in. The broken window glass was the likely answer. I stuffed a piece of cloth into the hole and took her outside, closing the door securely behind me. When I opened my hand, the bird did not fly away; she sat looking at me with her bright eyes. I removed the sticky spider-webs that covered her head and wings. Still, she made no attempt to fly. Perhaps she had been struggling against the window too long and was too tired? Or too thirsty? 刷读后续写 26 As I carried her up the blackberry-lined path toward my car where I kept a water bottle, she began to move. I stopped, and she soon took wing but did not immediately fly away. Hovering（悬停）, she approached within six inches of my face. For a very long moment, this tiny creature looked into my eyes, turning her head from side to side. Then she flew quickly out of sight. During the cookout, I told my hosts about the hummingbird incident. They promised to fix the window. As I was departing, my friends walked me to my car. I was standing by the car when a hummingbird flew to the center of our group and began hovering. She turned from person to person until she came to me. She again looked directly into my eyes, then let out a squeaking call and was gone. For a moment, all were speechless. Then someone said, “She must have come to say goodbye.” 刷读后续写 27 注意：续写词数应为150左右。 A few weeks later, I went to the farm again. ____________________________________________________________________________ I was just about to leave when the hummingbird appeared. ____________________________________________________________________________ 刷读后续写 28 【写作提示】 1.材料导读 材料大意 本文讲述了作者被邀请去一个农场野餐，发现在一间废弃的小屋里，有只蜂鸟被蜘蛛网困住了。作者救了蜂鸟，把蜂鸟带出去的时候它迟迟不肯飞走，当作者走在一条布满黑莓的小路上时，它开始动了，但是却没有立刻飞走，后来它徘徊在作者眼前一段时间后，终于飞走了。当野餐结束，作者准备离开时，蜂鸟又飞到作者面前，好像是在和作者告别。 故事背景 作者去一个农场野餐，救下了一只被蜘蛛网困住的蜂鸟。 主要角色 作者、被救的蜂鸟 写作顺序 时间顺序 主要问题 蜂鸟被救之后，与作者产生了什么联系。 刷读后续写 29 2.续写分析 续写第一段（提示句：几个星期后，我又去了农场。） 由第一段首句并结合第二段的提示句可知，第一段可以描写作者回到农场后，又想起了自己救下的那只蜂鸟，好奇那只蜂鸟飞走后发生的故事。第一段可以主要描写作者回到农场后的所看所想和心理活动。 续写第二段（提示句：我正要离开，这时蜂鸟出现了。） 由第二段提示句可知，第二段可以描写作者看见这只蜂鸟后，他们之间产生了怎样的互动以及作者的心理活动。 情感变化 作者：回忆起自己救下蜂鸟——担忧蜂鸟后来的状况——再次看到蜂鸟后感到高兴和欣慰——对人与动物的关系产生感悟 3.提分词句 ①动作描写：rush back to/hurry back to （匆匆回到）、eyes lock on/stare at （盯着）。 ②心理描写：thoughts drift back to…/thoughts return to… （思绪回到……）、feel a surge of relief/feel relieved （感到宽慰）、grateful/thankful （感激的）。 刷读后续写 30 【参考范文】 A few weeks later, I went to the farm again.As my car neared it my thoughts drifted back to the moment when I rescued the hummingbird from the spider-webs. I rushed back to the deserted house. It was a great comfort that the original hole in the window was nowhere to be found. Leaving the house, I couldn’t help wondering how she was getting on now. Had she managed to find her way back home, or was she still out there somewhere struggling to survive? I was just about to leave when the hummingbird appeared. A flash of movement caught my attention. I turned around to see the same hummingbird hovering in the air. It seemed that the bird was waiting for me. Its beady eyes locked on mine as if trying to convey some deep, unspoken gratitude. I felt a surge of relief and awe at the sight of this sound and grateful creature, and I knew that I would always cherish the memories we shared as I got into my car and drove away. 刷读后续写 31 进阶词汇 endurance n. 忍耐力 熟词生义 tune 熟义：n. 曲调；曲子 生义：vt. 调整；调节 刷读后续写 32 $$