Unit 3 Fascinating Parks 单元限时小卷-【高中必刷题】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册同步课件（人教版2019）

03 单元限时小卷 1 [全国新课标Ⅰ2023] On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. 刷阅读理解 2 But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist （转折） on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 刷阅读理解 3 1.What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?( ) B A.The methods of estimation. B.The underlying logic of the effect. C.The causes of people’s errors. D.The design of Galton’s experiment. 解析 主旨大意题。第一段提出“群体智慧”效应，第二段主要解释了这种效应的产生是由于误差的抵消从而使得估计的平均值更准确，所以本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应的根本逻辑。故选B项。 【语篇导读】英国统计学家弗朗西斯·高尔顿进行的一项实验说明了“群体智慧”效应，实验表明，大量独立估计的平均值可能相当准确。但纳瓦哈斯的一项新研究发现，当人群被分成小组进行讨论时，这些群体估计的平均值比独立估计的平均值更准确。 刷阅读理解 4 2.Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ___. D A.the crowds were relatively small B.there were occasional underestimates C.individuals did not communicate D.estimates were not fully independent 解析 推理判断题。由第二段中的In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent.可知，“群体智慧”效应要求人们的估计是独立的，就是说要得出更准确的平均值，需要每个人独立进行估计。但是第三段的新研究发现，人们没有独立进行估计，而是被分成更小的群体并进行讨论，估计的平均值更准确了，这说明即使在并非完全独立的情况下，平均值准确率的提高也是可以实现的。故选D项。 【易错警示】题干中的even if表示“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。很多学生看到第三段中的when crowds were further divided into smaller groups而误认为是人群数量变少了，因此很容易错选A项，但结合语境可知，新研究是把人群分成更小的群体，并非人群总数变少。所以A项不正确。 刷阅读理解 5 3.What did the follow-up study focus on?( ) C A.The size of the groups. B.The dominant members. C.The discussion process. D.The individual estimates. 解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion可知，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么，由此可知，后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C项。 刷阅读理解 6 4.What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies?( ) D A.Unclear. B.Dismissive. C.Doubtful. D.Approving. 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，虽然纳瓦哈斯领导的研究有局限性，还有许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。由此可推知，作者对于纳瓦哈斯的研究是赞成的。故选D项。 刷阅读理解 7 长难句分析 句意：这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步分成更小的群体并允许他们进行讨论时，这些群体给出的平均值比同样数量的独立个体给出的平均值更准确。 刷阅读理解 8 In a fast-paced world, tasks seem to multiply before your very eyes.1. . Take it easy. Let us introduce you to the bullet journal, a multifunctional tool that perfectly combines organisation and creativity to help you get on top of your to-do lists while developing your artistic side. 2. . Compared with your average journal or diary, it combines all of the elements of planning, to-do lists, goal tracking and more in one simple notebook. The concept behind bullet journals is to organise your life as briefly as possible, allowing you to commit, as well as letting your creative side flow. To set up a bullet journal, you start with a blank notebook, typically one with dot grid （网格） pages. You create different sections based on your needs.3. . You have the freedom to design layouts, use colours, and include artistic elements like drawings or calligraphy to make it more fun to use. Some fun ideas can be added as pages.4. . Make a book log of your favourite books from the year, like a written library. Write down your favourite quotes （语录） on one page to come back to when you need a boost. F D C G 刷7选5 9 There are many benefits to opting for a bullet journal style planner of a typical diary. Purposeful planning and task spaces pave the way for a smoother day and put different appointments, tasks, and ideas under one roof. Your bullet journal is also a blank canvas. Add hand-lettering, drawings, and colour-coded sections to melt stress and fuel improvement.5. . They can be personalised to suit your needs! A.Bullet journals develop with you. B.Here are the best bullet journals to buy. C.The beauty of a bullet journal lies in its flexibility. D.A bullet journal is essentially a much more creative planner. E.High-quality dotted paper makes it easy to use for quotation. F.Completing endless tasks can feel like a never-ending challenge. G.Create an amazing album of your favourite photos taken that month. A 刷7选5 10 1.___ F 解析 根据空前的In a fast-paced world, tasks seem to multiply before your very eyes.以及空后的Take it easy.可知，设空处承接上句，进一步说明完成无尽的任务十分具有挑战性，F项（完成没完没了的任务就像是永无止境的挑战）符合语境。 2.___ D 解析 设空处位于句首，根据下文的Compared with your average journal or diary, it combines all of the elements of planning, to-do lists, goal tracking and more in one simple notebook.可知，设空处应总体介绍子弹日记的特点。因为它将所有的计划、待办事项列表、目标跟踪和更多的元素整合在一个简单的笔记本上，因此，D项（子弹日记本质上是一种更有创意的记事簿）符合语境，且D项中的creative与本段最后一句中的creative相呼应。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了子弹日记，这是一个多功能工具，完美地结合了系统性和创造力，帮助你在开发艺术潜能的同时完成待办事项列表。 刷7选5 11 3.___ C 解析 根据下文的You have the freedom to design layouts, use colours, and include artistic elements like drawings or calligraphy to make it more fun to use.可知，你可以自由设计布局、使用颜色，说明子弹日记具有灵活性，C项（子弹日记的好处在于它的灵活性）符合语境。 4.___ G 解析 根据上文的Some fun ideas can be added as pages.及下文的Write down your favourite quotes on one page to come back to when you need a boost.可知，一些有趣的想法可以作为页面添加，设空处应承接上句，具体说明一些有趣的想法，和后句形成对应关系。故G项（创建一个超棒的相册，收藏当月你最喜欢的照片）符合语境。 5.___ A 解析 根据空前两句可知，你的子弹日记是一张空白的画布，你可以往上面添加东西以消除压力、促进进步，再根据下文的They can be personalised to suit your needs! 可知，子弹日记也可以个性化，以满足你的需求，A项（子弹日记和你一起发展）符合语境，空后的They指代A项中的Bullet journals。 刷7选5 12 长难句分析 句意：让我们向你介绍子弹日记，这是一个多功能工具，完美地结合了系统性和创造力，帮助你在开发艺术潜能的同时完成待办事项列表。 刷7选5 13 Last summer, my family had a vacation that left a lasting impact on me. Our family is a tight-knit (紧密团结的) group, each member with their unique . .1. .. My mother stands out with her cheerful and humorous . .2. .. Her personality has a way of . .3. . any situation, making her the heart and soul of our adventures. During our journey, we . .4. . a situation that showed my mother’s kindness and humour. We had just arrived at a little town when we . .5. . a lost tourist looking bewildered (不知所措的). Most people would have walked by, but not my mum. She . .6. . the stranger with a warm smile and started a(n) . .7. .. Her sense of humour and friendliness . .8. . put the traveller at ease. As we listened to their conversation, I realised the importance of extending a helping hand to those in need, even to . .9. .. Finally with my mum’s help, the tourist was reunited with her partners. It was a heartwarming moment that taught me the power of kindness, humour, and the beauty of human . .10. .. 刷完形填空 14 Throughout the trip, I . .11. . how my mother’s positive attitude and willingness to lend a hand made our journey smoother and more . .12. .. She taught me that life’s adventures are not just about the . .13. . but also discovering valuable life along the way. Looking back, I . .14. . myself on having such a loving family. And the trip was such a . .15. . experience. 刷完形填空 15 1.( ) A.height B.characteristics C.plans D.wealth B 解析 根据下文中的My mother stands out with her cheerful and humorous ____.和Her personality可知，此处作者想表达的是每个家庭成员都有不同的性格特点。故选B项。 2.( ) A.nature B.blood C.duty D.interest A 解析 根据空前的cheerful and humorous和下文中的Her personality可知，此处指母亲开朗幽默的天性。nature在此处表示“天性；本质；性格”，故选A项。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者对去年夏天家庭度假的回忆，特别强调了母亲在旅行中的积极态度和善良幽默的个性对作者的影响。作者通过母亲的行为认识到善良、幽默和友爱的重要性，并学会了在人生旅途中不仅要关注目的地，也要欣赏沿途的美好。 【知识拓展】nature一词多义 n.自然；自然界；天性；性格；特征；本质 刷完形填空 16 3.( ) A.setting aside B.appealing to C.brightening up D.taking up C 解析 根据上文中的cheerful and humorous可推知，开朗幽默的母亲能使任何情况变得愉快。brighten up意为“使增添乐趣；有希望”，故选C项。set aside意为“留出”；appeal to意为“对……有吸引力；呼吁”；take up意为“开始从事”。 4.( ) A.foresaw B.evaluated C.created D.encountered D 解析 根据下文内容可知，下文讲述了作者一家遇到一位迷路的游客，开朗幽默的母亲主动提供帮助的事情，所以此处指他们遇到一个情况。encounter意为“遇到（尤指令人不快或困难的事）”，故选D项。foresee意为“预见”；evaluate意为“评估”。 5.( ) A.spotted B.accepted C.questioned D.dropped A 解析 根据语境可知，此处表示作者一家人到达小镇后发现了一个迷路的游客。spot意为“发现；注意到”，故选A项。 刷完形填空 17 6.( ) A.prevented B.approached C.recognised D.impressed B 解析 根据上文中的Most people would have walked by, but not my mum.可知，母亲没有像其他人一样走开，而是走近这个陌生人。approach意为“接近”，故选B项。 7.( ) A.trouble B.silence C.conversation D.experiment C 解析 根据下文中的As we listened to their conversation可知，此处表示母亲和陌生人开始交谈。故选C项。 8.( ) A.slightly B.hardly C.instantly D.partly C 解析 结合上文中提到的with a warm smile可知，此处表示母亲的幽默和友善让这位游客立刻放松下来。故选C项。 刷完形填空 18 9.( ) A.neighbours B.co-workers C.producers D.strangers D 解析 根据上文中的We had just arrived at a little town when we ____ a lost tourist looking bewildered.可知，这位迷路的游客是陌生人，此处表示作者认识到了向有需要的人，甚至陌生人伸出援助之手的重要性。故选D项。 10.( ) A.qualification B.connection C.commitment D.culture B 解析 根据上文中的I realised the importance of extending a helping hand to those in need可推知，母亲让作者懂得了帮助需要帮助的人的重要性，让作者明白了善意的力量和人与人之间美好的情感联系。故选B项。qualification意为“资格”；commitment意为“承诺”。 11.( ) A.expected B.explained C.regretted D.observed D 解析 根据句中的how my mother’s positive attitude and willingness to lend a hand made our journey smoother 可知，这是作者在整个旅途中观察到的事情。observe意为“看到；注意到；观察到”，故选D项。 刷完形填空 19 12.( ) A.changeable B.normal C.enjoyable D.difficult C 解析 more ____与空前的smoother是并列关系，故此处表达的感情色彩是一致的，说明母亲积极的态度和愿意伸出援手的意愿带来的美好结果。结合语境可知，此处表示“更加顺利、更加愉快的旅程”。故选C项。 13.( ) A.destinations B.devotion C.resistance D.predictions A 解析 根据not just… but also… 结构和空后的along the way可知，此处表示生活中的冒险不仅要关注目的地，还要找寻旅途中有意义的经历。故选A项。devotion意为“奉献”；resistance意为“抵抗”；prediction意为“预测”。 14.( ) A.press B.pride C.charge D.challenge B 解析 根据上文作者对母亲的描述和句中的having such a loving family可推知，作者为有这样的家庭感到自豪。故选B项。 刷完形填空 20 15.( ) A.distant B.risky C.demanding D.memorable D 解析 根据第一段中的Last summer, my family had a vacation that left a lasting impact on me.可知，这次旅行是一次难忘的经历。memorable意为“难忘的”，故选D项。risky意为“危险的”；demanding意为“要求高的；苛刻的”。 刷完形填空 21 Museums inspire dreams to become an astronaut, an astronomer or an aerospace engineer. But can they also help provide a pathway to those goals? For students seeing everything 1. . dinosaurs to distant galaxies （星系） on a museum visit, the real-life applications of science, technology, engineering and mathematics （STEM） are clear. The American Museum of Natural History （AMNH） doesn’t want to just impress students. It aims to make those “wow” moments the first step towards 2. . （develop） the future STEM leaders. 3. . （start） building a career in STEM, students need hands-on experience and a support network. They need a place 4. . they feel comfortable while learning. AMNH uses its position as 5. . out-of-school environment with collections, research tools, informal educators, and scientific staff to provide necessary experiences for students. The museum trains its scientists to work with students 6. . offers them year-long, scientist-mentored research opportunities. Students 7. . （provide） with opportunities to present 8. . （they） work to the public. from developing To start where an and are provided their 刷语法填空 22 Students thrive in the program. Up to now, over 1,000 students 9. . （participate） in NASA-themed Science Research Mentoring Program courses, and they have published their work in journals and at conferences. They have gone on to college at a rate of almost 100 percent, with many 10. . （active） involved in research at their schools. have participated actively 刷语法填空 23 1.______ from 解析 句意为：对于在参观博物馆时看到从恐龙到遥远星系等一切展品的学生来说，科学、技术、工程和数学在现实生活中的应用是显而易见的。分析句子结构以及句意可知，此处为from… to… 固定搭配，意为“从……到……”。故填from。 2.___________ developing 解析 句意为：它力求让这些让人感到震撼的瞬间成为培养未来科学、技术、工程和数学领域领导者的第一步。分析句子可知，____ the future STEM leaders作介词towards的宾语，设空处应填动词develop的动名词形式。故填developing。 3.________ To start 解析 句意为：要开始在科学、技术、工程和数学领域开始职业生涯，学生需要实践经验和支持网络。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语need，设空处与谓语之间无连词连接，应用非谓语形式，结合句意可知，此处表示目的，在句中作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填To start。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了通过开展活动，美国自然历史博物馆给学生提供实现成为宇航员、天文学家或航天工程师的梦想的途径。 刷语法填空 24 4._______ where 解析 句意为：他们需要一个让他们在学习时感到舒适的地方。分析句子结构可知，句中有主干结构，由此可判断____ they feel comfortable while learning为从句，设空处为从句引导词，结合句意可知，此处对place进行修饰限定，应为定语从句，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 5.____ an 解析 句意为：美国自然历史博物馆拥有收藏品、研究工具、非正式教育工作者和科研人员，利用其作为校外环境的身份，为学生提供必要的体验。此句中as ____ out-of-school environment with… 指“作为一个拥有……的校外环境”，此处表泛指，设空处应用不定冠词，out-of-school的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。 刷语法填空 25 6._____ and 解析 句意为：博物馆培训这里的科学家与学生合作，并为他们提供为期一年的、由科学家指导的研究机会。分析句子可知，trains its scientists to work with students和offers them year-long, scientist-mentored research opportunities是并列关系，trains与offers在句中作并列谓语，设空处应填并列连词and。 7.____________ are provided 解析 句意为：学生们有机会向公众展示他们的研究成果。设空处在句中作谓语，根据语境可知，此处陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语Students与动词provide之间为被动关系，表示“被给予机会”，故用一般现在时的被动语态。主语Students为名词复数，故填are provided。 刷语法填空 26 8._____ their 解析 句意见上一题解析。设空处作定语，修饰名词work，应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。 9.________________ have participated 解析 句意为：迄今为止，已有1,000多名学生参加了以美国国家航空航天局为主题的科学研究指导计划课程，并在期刊和会议上发表了他们的研究成果。设空处在句中作谓语，由时间状语Up to now可知，此处应用现在完成时；over 1,000 students作主语，谓语动词用复数。故填have participated。 10.________ actively 解析 句意为：他们的大学升学率几乎是100%，其中许多人还积极参与学校的研究。设空处修饰动词短语involved in，作状语，应用副词。故填actively。 刷语法填空 27 假定你是李华，你市最近新建成一座以科技为主题的公园Futuroscope，你决定邀请交换生Tom周末一同前往。请你写一封电子邮件告诉他相关信息。内容包括： 1.主题公园概况； 2.推荐的理由； 3.出行安排。 注意：写作词数应为80个左右。 Dear Tom, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 刷应用文写作 28 【写作提示】 1.思路点拨 刷应用文写作 29 2.提分词句 be known for、unique experience、advanced technology、a feast for one’s eyes、considering that… 、现在分词短语作状语、过去分词短语作后置定语、not only… but also… 连接并列句时not only置于句首引起倒装等。 刷应用文写作 30 【参考范文】 Dear Tom, Learning that you feel like having a trip this weekend, I am writing to invite you to Futuroscope with me. Futuroscope, a theme park known for science and technology, will surely provide us with the unique experience of the most advanced technology.Not only can we try scientific experiment there but also we will learn more about space travel, the undersea world and brand-new experiences of the earth.What’s more, the picturesque scenery there in this season must be a feast for our eyes. Considering that it is far from the city, we can take a bus.I’ll wait for you at the school gate at 8:00 am on Sunday, and then we can start together.Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 刷应用文写作 31 $$