Unit 2 Looking Into the Future 单元限时小卷-【高中必刷题】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册同步课件（人教版2019）

03 单元限时小卷 1 It’s well known that weightlifting can strengthen our biceps （二头肌）.Now, there’s increasing evidence that strengthening the muscles we use to breathe is beneficial too. New research shows that daily muscle training for breathing muscles helps promote heart health and reduces high blood pressure. “The muscles we use to breathe tend to weaken as we get older,” explains researcher Daniel, a physiologist at the University of Colorado Boulder. To test what happens when these muscles are given a good workout, he and his colleagues recruited （招收） healthy volunteers aged 18 to 82 to try a daily five-minute technique using a resistance-breathing training device. When people breathe into it, the device provides resistance, making it harder to breathe in.“We found that doing 30 breaths per day for six weeks lowers systolic blood pressure by about 9 mmHg,” Daniel says. According to Joyner, a physician at the Mayo Clinic who studies how the nervous system regulates blood pressure, that is the type of reduction with a blood pressure drug. 刷阅读理解 2 So, how exactly does breath training lower blood pressure? Daniel points to the role of endothelial cells （内皮细胞）, which promote the production of NO.NO helps widen our blood vessels （血管） and promote good blood flow.“What we found was that six weeks of the training will increase endothelial function by about 45%,” Daniel explains. The new study builds on a previous study and adds to the evidence that the training is beneficial for adults of all ages. Before the results came in, Daniel had suspected that young, healthy adults might not benefit as much.“But we saw strong effects,” he says, pointing to a significant decline in blood pressure for participants of all ages. He says the finding suggests the training could help healthy young people prevent heart disease and the rise in blood pressure that tends to occur with ageing. The technique is not intended to replace exercise, he cautions, or to replace medicine for people with high blood pressure. Instead, Daniel says, “It would be a good additional intervention for people who are doing other healthy lifestyle approaches already.” 刷阅读理解 3 1.Who was most likely to be a volunteer in the study?( ) A A.An adult working nearby. B.A pupil from a local school. C.A senior with heart disease. D.A backpacker staying for 2 weeks. 解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的he and his colleagues recruited healthy volunteers aged 18 to 82 to try a daily five-minute technique using a resistance-breathing training device可知，志愿者为年龄在18岁到82岁之间的健康人，需要每天进行5分钟的训练。由此可知，一个在附近工作的成年人最有可能成为这项研究的志愿者。故选A项。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。现在，越来越多的证据表明，加强我们用于呼吸的肌肉是有益的。新的研究表明，每天的呼吸肌训练有助于促进心脏健康，降低高血压。文章解释了研究开展的经过及其发现。 刷阅读理解 4 2.What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 refer to？( ) D A.Giving breathing muscles a good workout. B.Doing 30 breaths per day for six weeks. C.Regulating blood pressure by the nerves. D.Lowering blood pressure by about 9 mmHg. 解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文的“We found that doing 30 breaths per day for six weeks lowers systolic blood pressure by about 9 mmHg,” Daniel says.可知，丹尼尔发现每天做30次呼吸并持续六周会让收缩压降低约9毫米汞柱，画线词后内容表示这是降压药的降压效果，因此“降低血压约9毫米汞柱”就是降压效果。由此可猜测，画线词指的是“降低血压约9毫米汞柱”。故选D项。 刷阅读理解 5 【方法总结】如何猜测代词指代 要记住代词通常出现在原词之后，根据这条原则可快速排除选项中出现在代词之后的内容，锁定答案，最后代入原句进行验证。 （1）“就近原则”判指代 猜测代词指代要求考生根据语境判断代词（this、that、it、they、them、one 等）指代什么。解答此类题时，我们可以返回原文，找出指代词，然后向上找最近的名词、代词、短语或句子，将找到的词、短语或句子代入，替换该代词，看其意思、逻辑关系是否通顺，并最终确定答案。 （2）“逻辑原则”找指代 厘清人物及事物间的逻辑关系是猜测代词指代的关键。考生可利用上下文语境，采用逻辑关系梳理法，使人物或事物的关系明朗化。 刷阅读理解 6 3.What can be known about the research result?( ) D A.It was far from satisfactory. B.It confirmed Daniel’s doubt. C.It was contrary to the previous study. D.It was beyond Daniel’s expectations. 解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的Before the results came in, Daniel had suspected that young, healthy adults might not benefit as much.“But we saw strong effects,” he says, pointing to a significant decline in blood pressure for participants of all ages.可知，在结果出来之前，丹尼尔曾怀疑年轻健康的成年人可能不会受益这么多，但实际上所有年龄段的参与者血压都有显著下降。因此，研究结果超出了丹尼尔的预料。故选D项。 刷阅读理解 7 4.What does the text seem to advocate?( ) C A.Muscle training to promote our health. B.Weightlifting to strengthen our muscles. C.Daily breath training to reduce blood pressure. D.Lifestyle approaches to preventing blood diseases. 解析 推理判断题。本文第一段提出主题：加强用来呼吸的肌肉对健康有益；接着第二段中研究的结果表明，定期的呼吸训练会降低血压；第三段解释了呼吸训练是如何降低血压的；最后两段表明，呼吸训练对所有年龄的人都有益处，并且是让人们保持健康生活方式的一种补充干预措施。综上，本文说明呼吸训练对心脏健康和血压的好处，所以本文提倡每天进行呼吸训练来降低血压。故选C项。 刷阅读理解 8 长难句分析 句意：为了测试当这些肌肉得到充分的锻炼时会发生什么，他和他的同事招募了年龄在18至82岁之间的健康志愿者，让他们使用阻力呼吸训练装置尝试每天进行5分钟的技巧训练。 刷阅读理解 9 Do you feel under pressure to be more creative at work? 1. . Studies have recently found that creativity is now one of the top skills most workplaces are looking for in their employees, as they struggle to differentiate themselves in an increasingly competitive world. 2. . After all, as many employees quietly admit during training workshops: “Not all of us can paint or draw.” The good news is that creativity comes in all sorts of forms. The most common type of creativity is simply allowing our brains the space to imagine different connections, patterns and possibilities. So how can you improve your creativity at work? Here are three approaches: Get curious. A big part of creativity is curiosity. It helps you to focus your attention as you explore dynamic mental simulations （模拟） based on personal past experiences, thoughts about the future and exploration of alternative perspectives and scenarios to the present. Use your curiosity to explore why things happen, how they work, what impact they have.3. . C F D 刷7选5 10 Be willing to fail.4. . Likewise if organisations wish to cultivate （培养） creativity, they need to establish cultures where the risk of failure is accepted as part of the deal. The truth is that if you’re not failing some of the time, you’re not stretching far enough outside of your comfort zone to keep learning and growing. Cultivate positive emotions. Positive emotions—such as gratitude, compassion, joy, and inspiration—have been found to help you broaden your thinking.5. . To cultivate more positive emotions at work, you can promote high-quality connections with others, gratitude, kindness, hope, and find ways to make the most of your strengths. B G A.People can manage their own emotions better. B.Behind every creative genius are stories of failure. C.If you’re nodding your head, you’re in good company. D.Ask questions without fearing that you will appear stupid. E.We gradually lose our curiosity and rely more on our experience. F.But do you ever secretly worry that you lack the artistic talent for creativity? G.Also, they can build your capacity to see more possibilities and think more creatively. 刷7选5 11 1.___ C 解析 上文Do you feel under pressure to be more creative at work?是一个问题，C项与其承接自然，且C项中的you’re in good company与空后的creativity is now one of the top skills most workplaces are looking for in their employees相呼应。故选C项。 2.___ F 解析 根据下文中的After all, as many employees quietly admit during training workshops: “Not all of us can paint or draw.”可知，设空处应与艺术有关，F项（但你有没有暗自担心你缺乏有创造力的艺术天赋？）引出下文，符合语境。故选F项。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。在工作中很多人担心自己没有创造力，但事实上创造力是可以培养的。文章就如何培养创造力提出了一些建议。 刷7选5 12 3.___ D 解析 根据本段首句以及空前的Use your curiosity to explore why things happen, how they work, what impact they have.可知，D项（提问时不要担心你看起来很笨）承接上文，选项中的Ask questions呼应上文的三个问题。故选D项。 4.___ B 解析 根据本段首句Be willing to fail.可知，本段谈论要愿意失败，敢于失败。故B项（每个有创造性的天才背后都是失败的故事）符合语境，选项中的failure呼应段落首句中的fail。故选B项。 5.___ G 解析 上文Positive emotions—such as gratitude, compassion, joy, and inspiration—have been found to help you broaden your thinking.与G项（此外，它们可以培养你看到更多机会以及更具有创造性思考的能力）衔接自然，上下文构成明显的顺承关系，都在介绍Positive emotions的作用。选项中的they指代上文的Positive emotions，此外选项中的think呼应上文的thinking。故选G项。 刷7选5 13 【方法总结】利用逻辑衔接词解7选5 7选5设空位置经常考查上下文的逻辑关系，考生须掌握各种表达逻辑关系的词汇，依据逻辑关系判断出正确答案。常见的逻辑衔接词有： （1）表因果关系：because、so、thus、therefore等； （2）表转折关系：but、yet、however、nevertheless等； （3）表让步关系：although、though、while （虽然）等； （4）表对比关系：while （却；而）、instead、by contrast、on the other hand等; （5）表并列或顺承关系：and、also、first、second、next、then; for one thing， for another thing等。 刷7选5 14 It was the first night of a tiring seven-day 250 km race across the Gobi Desert a year ago. Mr Leonard . .1. . a little dog going around his camp trying to . .2. . herself. “Cute, but I’m not giving you any,” Leonard thought. Like all . .3. ., he had packed just enough for the whole . .4. .. He’d been running competitively for three years, and he had a . .5. . to win. The next day, at the starting line, the dog . .6. . him again. He waved her away, worried that she might be stepped on by the runners.. .7. ., the dog followed him all the way until the day’s race . .8. ..That night the dog snuggled （依偎） up to Leonard and even . .9. . to get a little food from him. By then, he was determined to name her Gobi. The pair went on to finish the seven-day race, with Gobi . .10. . a distance of 125 km on her own, and winning Leonard over, enough for him to make a . .11. .—he would take her home to Edinburgh.“Seeing Gobi on the race . .12. . my attitude to things. It made me think more about stopping and helping her, rather than just focusing on winning,” said Leonard, who finished second.“It also made my running more enjoyable, giving me a lot of pleasure.” 刷完形填空 15 As Leonard was preparing to get Gobi home, she was missing. With a group of 20 local volunteers coming to his . .13. ., he finally found her. After that, Leonard never let Gobi out of his . .14. ..Now Gobi’s favourite activity is still running, and she . .15. . does at least 8 km a day with Leonard up the hills. 刷完形填空 16 1.( ) A.treated B.spotted C.adopted D.recognised B 解析 根据上文It was the first night of a tiring seven-day 250 km race across the Gobi Desert a year ago.及下文Cute, but I’m not giving you any可知，伦纳德先生在参加横跨戈壁沙漠的马拉松比赛时发现了这只小狗。spot意为“看见；发现”，符合语境。故选B项。 2.( ) A.feed B.water C.entertain D.accommodate A 解析 根据后文Cute, but I’m not giving you any以及he had packed just enough for the whole 可知，这只狗正在找东西吃，所以feed符合语境。故选A项。 3.( ) A.hikers B.climbers C.explorers D.competitors D 解析 根据上文a tiring seven-day 250 km race across the Gobi Desert以及下文He’d been running competitively for three years可知，此处指马拉松比赛的参赛者。competitor意为“参赛者”，符合语境。故选D项。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了热爱跑步的伦纳德在参加马拉松比赛时发现了一只小狗，小狗一直跟着他并跑完了125千米，最后他把小狗带回家的故事。 刷完形填空 17 4.( ) A.plan B.course C.day D.camp B 解析 句意为：像所有的参赛者一样，他打包的东西刚好够他跑完全程。course意为“跑道；比赛场地”，符合语境。故选B项。 5.( ) A.desire B.chance C.right D.tendency A 解析 根据He’d been running competitively for three years和下文中的just focusing on winning可知，伦纳德一心渴望获得胜利。have a desire to do sth意为“渴望做某事”，符合语境。故选A项。 6.( ) A.bothered B.stopped C.approached D.welcomed C 解析 根据后文He waved her away可知，这只狗靠近了他。approach意为“接近；走近”，符合语境。故选C项。 刷完形填空 18 7.( ) A.Nevertheless B.Meanwhile C.Therefore D.Otherwise A 解析 根据上文He waved her away, worried that… 及下文the dog followed him all the way until the day’s race ____可知，前后句意存在转折关系，应用表示转折意义的副词。nevertheless意为“然而”，符合语境。故选A项。 8.( ) A.came along B.got down C.kicked off D.wound up D 解析 句意为：然而，这只狗一路跟着他，直到那天的比赛结束。此处wind up意为“结束”，符合语境。come along意为“来到”；get down意为“下来”；kick off意为“开始”。故选D项。 9.( ) A.expected B.managed C.afforded D.begged B 解析 根据上文“Cute, but I’m not giving you any,” Leonard thought.以及本句中That night the dog snuggled up to Leonard and even可知，这次狗设法从伦纳德那里弄到了一点食物。动词短语manage to do sth意为“设法做成某事”，符合语境。故选B项。 刷完形填空 19 10.( ) A.keeping B.setting C.covering D.extending C 解析 句意为：两人继续完成了为期7天的比赛，戈比独自跑了125千米，这说服了伦纳德，足以让他作出决定——他将带她回爱丁堡的家。cover 意为“走完（一段路程）”。故选C项。 11.( ) A.decision B.choice C.comment D.difference A 解析 根据he would take her home to Edinburgh可知，伦纳德决定将戈比带回家。make a decision意为“作出决定”，符合语境。故选A项。 12.( ) A.sponsored B.acknowledged C.challenged D.changed D 解析 根据空后的It made me think more about stopping and helping her, rather than just focusing on winning可知，伦纳德的想法发生了改变。change意为“改变”，符合语境。故选D项。 刷完形填空 20 13.( ) A.rescue B.mind C.assistance D.defence C 解析 根据后文he finally found her可知，在当地志愿者的帮助下伦纳德找到了走失的戈比。come to one’s assistance意为“帮助某人”，符合语境。故选C项。 14.( ) A.reach B.way C.hand D.sight D 解析 句意为：在那之后，伦纳德从来没有让戈比离开过他的视线。out of sight意为“看不见；在视野之外”，符合语境。故选D项。 15.( ) A.gradually B.routinely C.eventually D.occasionally B 解析 根据前文Now Gobi’s favourite activity is still running以及空后的does at least 8 km a day可知，伦纳德每天和戈比爬山。routinely意为“惯常地；例行地”，符合语境。故选B项。 刷完形填空 21 Norwegian playwright and author Jon Fosse 1. . （award） the 2023 Nobel Prize in Literature in October for his “innovative plays and prose which give voice to the unsayable”. The Swedish Academy credits Fosse 2. . “one of the most widely performed playwrights in the world”—the 64-year-old originally made his name as a novelist, 3. . （begin） with Red, Black in 1983.He has since written many works of prose and poetry. Growing up in a small coastal village, Fosse was immersed in the beauty of nature and the vastness of the sea. He draws 4. . （inspire） from his rural living environment and personal struggles, 5. . have deeply influenced his distinctive writing style. Fosse’s writing discussed themes of loneliness, longing, and the search for meaning of life.6. . （addition）, his battles with depression have enabled 7. . （he） to explore the depths of human emotions and existential despair. was awarded as beginning inspiration which Additionally him 刷语法填空 22 “He touches you so deeply when you read him,” said Anders Olsson, chairman of the Nobel Committee for Literature.“8. . is special with him is the closeness in his writing. It touches on the 9. . （deep） feelings that you have—anxieties, insecurities, questions of life and death—such things that every human being actually confronts from the very beginning. In that sense I think he reaches very far and there is a sort of 10. . universal impact of everything that he writes.” What deepest a 刷语法填空 23 1._____________ was awarded 解析 句意为：10月，挪威剧作家兼作家约恩·福瑟被授予2023年诺贝尔文学奖，以表彰他“创新的戏剧和散文，为不可言说的事情发声”。设空处为句子的谓语，根据时间状语in October可知，此处叙述2023年10月发生的事情，应用一般过去时；主语为Norwegian playwright and author Jon Fosse，与award之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语表示单数概念，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填was awarded。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。挪威剧作家兼作家约恩·福瑟被授予2023年诺贝尔文学奖，以表彰他“创新的戏剧和散文，为不可言说的事情发声”，文章还介绍了他的个人经历以及他人对他的评价。 【方法总结】慧眼识别时间标志词 在题干中，yesterday、tomorrow、always、since、in the past few years、so far等都是判定动词时态常用的标志性时间状语，做题时可以通过寻找时间标志词来判定时态。 刷语法填空 24 2.___ as 解析 句意为：瑞典文学院称赞福瑟是“世界上演出场次最多的剧作家之一”——64岁的福瑟最初是以小说家的身份出名的，1983年他创作了《红，黑》。credit在此为动词，意为“认为……属（某种类或性质）”，credit sb as… 为固定短语，意为“认为某人是……”。故填as。 3.__________ beginning 解析 句意见上一题解析。设空处作伴随状语，应用非谓语形式，begin与其逻辑主语the 64-year-old之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填beginning。 4.__________ inspiration 解析 句意为：他从自己的乡村生活环境和个人奋斗中汲取灵感，它们深深影响了他独特的写作风格。设空处作draws的宾语，在此意为“灵感”，应用名词inspiration，为不可数名词。故填inspiration。 刷语法填空 25 5._______ which 解析 句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词rural living environment and personal struggles，关系词在从句中作主语。故填which。 6.____________ Additionally 解析 句意为：此外，他与抑郁症的斗争使他能够探索人类情感和生存绝望最强烈的时刻。设空处修饰整个句子，作状语，应用副词。故填Additionally。 7._____ him 解析 句意见上一题解析。设空处作动词enabled的宾语，应用人称代词的宾格形式。故填him。 刷语法填空 26 8.______ What 解析 句意为：他的特别之处在于他的作品中的亲近感。分析句子结构可知，____ is special with him是句子的主语，设空处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，表示“……的事情/东西”，应用what引导该从句。故填What。 9.________ deepest 解析 句意为：它触及你内心最深处的感受——焦虑、不安全感、生与死的问题，这些其实是每个人从一开始就面临的事情。根据句意及空前的the可知，此处表示最高级含义，表示“最深处的感受”，应用形容词最高级。故填deepest。 10.___ a 解析 句意为：从这个意义上说，我认为他影响深远，他所写的一切都有某种普遍的影响。impact意为“巨大影响”，为可数名词，此处泛指“一个普遍的影响”，其前应用不定冠词修饰；universal的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 刷语法填空 27 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Derek and Shirley walked out of the airport building and into the bright sunshine. Looking up at the brilliant blue sky and then at the faraway mountains rising above the swaying （摇摆） palm trees, they couldn’t wait to start their holiday. A taxi pulled up swiftly and silently. Derek dropped their suitcases into the boot and joined Shirley in the back seat.“Palm Trees Hotel, please,” Derek said excitedly.“Certainly, sir,” replied the driver, as he turned around with a flashing white smile. Derek and Shirley gave each other a puzzled look as the taxi eased smoothly into the traffic.“Excuse me, er, your face seems very familiar—in fact, you remind us of that famous film star, Rocky Overton… but of course, you can’t be.” Derek and Shirley sat in silent disbelief as the driver explained that he was not a real person, but a robot made to look like a famous actor.“Rocky” explained that the taxi company had purchased the latest model of robot drivers since they were programmed to be safer and more reliable than human drivers.“So, here I am,” “Rocky” continued, “your first robot taxi driver!” 刷读后续写 28 Derek and Shirley held each other’s hands more tightly.“Relax,” “Rocky” reassured them.“There is nothing for you to worry about. I can assure you that my driving skills are excellent. I’m equipped with perfect vision and superior reactions, and I know every street in the city. I am instantly updated with the latest traffic information so that I can avoid traffic jams and get you to your destination in the quickest and least stressful manner. Please sit back, relax and enjoy the journey.” Derek and Shirley, feeling a little better, leaned back in their seats and closed their eyes.“And another thing,” “Rocky” added, “my line of robots represents the ultimate in computer technology. I am beautifully designed, made from only the best materials and subject to the strictest quality checks. Therefore, you are entirely safe with me. Nothing could possibly go wrong… could possibly go wrong… go wrong… go wrong…” 刷读后续写 29 注意：续写词数应为150个左右。 Derek and Shirley looked at each other with great fear in their eyes. ___________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ “Don’t worry, sir,” came the calm reply on the phone, “and your taxi is also a driverless car.” ________________________________________________________________________________ 刷读后续写 30 【写作提示】 1.材料导读 材料大意 本文主要讲述了德里克和雪莉在度假期间的一次惊险经历。两人打了一辆出租车前往度假目的地，这辆车是由机器人司机驾驶的，德里克和雪莉感到紧张，机器人司机保证自己具有高超的驾驶技术和快速反应能力，于是两人放下心来。就在这时，机器人司机出现了故障。 故事背景 德里克和雪莉在旅行时乘坐由机器人驾驶的出租车；机器人出现了故障。 主要角色 德里克、雪莉、机器人司机“洛奇”、出租车公司的服务人员 写作顺序 时间顺序 主要矛盾 机器人司机突然出现问题，德里克和雪莉如何使车辆恢复正常，保证自己的安全。 刷读后续写 31 2.续写分析 续写第一段（提示句：德里克和雪莉面面相觑，眼中满是惧怕。） 由第一段提示句可知，本段可描写机器人司机出故障之后，车辆发生的问题和两人的应对措施，可以围绕两人面对失控的车辆产生的心理活动等进行描写；结合第二段提示句可知，第一段应提及在紧要关头，他们想到了给出租车公司拨打电话，与第二段开头出租车公司的服务人员接了电话相衔接。 续写第二段（提示句：“别担心，先生，”电话里传来平静的回答，“您的出租车也是一辆无人驾驶汽车。”） 由第二段提示句可知，第二段应描写出租车公司的服务人员对德里克和雪莉的安抚以及对事故的解决办法。段首句给出的提示是汽车可以使用无人驾驶模式，故本段的解决办法应该围绕无人驾驶来展开。最后德里克和雪莉平安下车。 情感变化 德里克和雪莉面对事故发生时的害怕——给出租车公司打电话时的激动——确认平安后的庆幸 刷读后续写 32 3.提分词句 ①动作描写：shout、tremble（颤抖）、grab、disable、switch… to…（将……调整至……）、malfunction/give out/break down/fail/be out of control（出故障/失灵）等。 ②心理描写 害怕/紧张/恐惧等：frightened、scared、terrified、be afraid of、scream/tremble/cry in terror（害怕地尖叫/颤抖/哭）等。 安心/感激/庆幸等：relieved/reassured（松了口气/安心的）、be grateful to do sth、happily、fortunately等。 刷读后续写 33 【参考范文】 Derek and Shirley looked at each other with great fear in their eyes.The taxi was moving faster and faster, and “Rocky” seemed to be malfunctioning.“Slow down!” Derek shouted, but “Rocky” did not respond.The robot drove even faster than before and narrowly missed a car.Terrified, Derek grabbed his phone.With trembling fingers, he called the taxi company.“Hello?” Derek shouted into the phone, “Our robot driver is having a breakdown and he’s completely out of control.We need help quickly!”; “Don’t worry, sir,” came the calm reply on the phone, “and your taxi is also a driverless car.” The reply continued , “We have the authority to disable the robot driver.Let me switch your taxi to the driverless mode and get you to your destination safely.” The taxi immediately slowed down and continued as if nothing had happened, although its driver could be heard mumbling to himself, “… go wrong… go wrong…” When they finally arrived at their hotel, Derek and Shirley quickly got out of the taxi, relieved and grateful to be alive.As they watched the taxi move away, they agreed that for the rest of the holiday, they would walk everywhere! 刷读后续写 34 $$