17 公共秩序：拒绝分享虚假新闻、“清朗行动”、信任比法律更强大、文明养犬、乱扔垃圾、噪音污染-2024年中考英语时文热点专题重大题型考前必练

17 公共秩序： 拒绝分享虚假新闻、“清朗行动”、信任比法律更强大、文明养犬、乱扔垃圾、噪音污染 专题内容切合2022年版新课标主题内容“人与社会”范畴之“历史、社会与文化”主题群中“公共秩序与法律法规，个人信息安全与国家安全意识”子主题内容 一、阅读理解 A While fake (虚假) news can take many forms, it can be divided into two broad types: misinformation and disinformation. Misinformation Misinformation is when false information is shared by someone who believes that information to be true. Normally it isn’t done on purpose. Disinformation Disinformation is when misleading or even false information is shared with the intention to deceive (欺骗) others. There are lots of reasons why people share fake news. Often the person sharing it doesn’t realize that it’s fake. Sometimes it’s done to advertise a service or product, so that someone can make money. It could even be done to make people laugh. Fake news can also be shared by someone who wants others to hear their own personal opinions and be affected by them. Still, fake news is shared to influence the opinions and beliefs of others about organizations and business. Fake news? Question it! To work out whether the “news” we are reading is fake, we can use our critical (批判性) thinking skills to ask ourselves the following questions. Is it a mistake or just a joke? People sometimes share information, believing that it’s true, because they don’t realize that it’s a joke. It might even be April Fools’ Day! Are there lots of spelling and grammar mistakes? If yes, it’s a sign that no one is checking the content. This could mean that those writing the content are not professional writers or journalists and the news content is untrustworthy (不可靠的). Is the article advertising something? Sometimes a news article can influence us to buy something. Companies will often pay a news organization to talk about their product as if it’s “news” to encourage people to buy it. Is the headline believable? Sensational (耸人听闻的) headlines encourage us to click on a story because they catch our attention. Some people get paid for every click, so before clicking, a