选择性必修第三册 Unit 5 Learning from nature（word练习）-【导学教程】2025年英语新编高考大一轮总复习（外研版）

[对应学生用书P580] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·广州检测)Every year thousands of people come to the city of Pamplona，in north­eastern Spain，for the opportunity to run for their lives as six fighting bulls are released to charge through the town. There are injuries and deaths every year，but the event is of interest to many people. A paper just published in Science describes the insight the event offers into the psychology of panicked crowds. That is a useful topic to explore. Architects，civil engineers and urban planners must try to work out how people will behave in the event of a disaster like a fire，a flood or a terrorist attack so they can design their creations to avoid potentially deadly collisions(碰撞).Unfortunately，solid information is hard to come by. Daniel Parisi，the paper's lead author，realized that the Pamplona bull running offered the perfect natural experiment. Dr Parisi and his team went to two different rooftop locations in Pamplona in July 2019，and filmed the runners as the animals were released. Later in the lab，they calculated the speed of the runners，the density(密度)of the crowd，the probability of a runner tripping and falling and the relationship between runner­group density and speed. Perhaps unsurprisingly，the researchers found that runners picked up speed when the bulls drew near. Less expected was the finding that the speed of individual runners increased with the density of the crowd，which was contrary to a long­held assumption in architectural and urban­design circles that people will slow their pace as group density goes up，in order to lower the risk of a collision，which could lead to a fall and，perhaps，injury or death. Yet it seems that，in the heat of the moment，people pay little attention to the danger of colliding with each other，and do not slow down. The responsibility therefore falls upon urban designers to work out how best to plan the construction of future tunnels，bridges and other passages that restrict flow. The only option may well be to make them broad enough. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。Daniel Parisi将西班牙潘普洛纳的奔牛节活动当作自然实验场景，观察人们在危险中是如何表现的，以启示建筑设计师。 1．What did Dr Parisi and his team do in Pamplona? A．They recorded bull running. B．They proved their theory. C．They watched a thrilling bullfight. D．They designed a psychological experiment. 解析　A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Dr Parisi and his team...the animals were released”可知，2019年7月，Parisi博士和他的团队前往潘普洛纳的两个不同的屋顶地点，拍摄了动物被放生时的跑步者。由此可知，Parisi博士和他的团队记录了奔牛活动，故选A。 2．What was the unexpected finding in the study? A．People slowed down in crowded areas. B．Collisions posed a danger to bull­runners. C．Bulls coming near made people run faster. D．People tended to speed up in high­density crowds. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Less expected was the finding that the speed of individual runners increased with the density of the crowd”可知，令人想不到的是，研究发现，跑步者的速度随着人群密度的增加而增加。由此可知，研究中让人意外的发现是在高密度人群中，人们往往会加速，故选D。 3．What is implied in the last paragraph? A．People lose their mind in disasters. B．Future tunnels and bridges may be wider. C．Panicked crowds are aware of the danger of collisions. D．Restricting flow helps to prevent people colliding with each other. 解析　B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The responsibility therefore...make them broad enough”可知，城市设计师的责任在于研究如何最好地规划未来隧道、桥梁和其他限制流量的通道的建设，唯一的选择可能是使它们变得足够宽。由此可推知，未来的隧道和桥梁很可能会更宽，故选B。 4．Which is the best title for the text? A．How the crowds react to panic B．Bull running catches on in Spain C．Dr Parisi's finding shocks the world D．What architects can learn from bull running 解析　D　主旨大意题。浏览全文，尤其是文章第一段和最后一段的内容可知，本文通过奔牛节活动来引出话题，并将此作为观察人们在危险中如何表现的自然实验场景，以便在城市建筑设计师规划未来隧道、桥梁和其他限制流量的通道时给出启示。故选D。 B (2023·黄冈阶段性质量抽测)It's the middle of winter，and the prospect of warm sunny days is a long way off.For some of us，it's the most depressing time of year，when daylight is limited and the weather is often miserable.It is when the winter blues set in.So what can be done to lift our spirits? The shorter days and longer nights can make us feel down，which can cause us to eat more and exercise less.Some fear loneliness and isolation.Those people who suffer this seasonal mood swing more seriously are described as having the seasonal affective disorder—or SAD for short.It's a type of depression with a seasonal pattern caused by a shortage of light and is thought to affect the part of the brain that rules sleep，appetite，moods and activity levels. Jenny Scott­Thompson diagnosed (诊断) with the SAD struggled with periods of tiredness and unhappiness.She was recommended for light therapy (疗 法)，which involved sitting in front of a light box as well as going outside during daylight hours.This is believed to help anyone who is affected by winter depression. Although having more light is an obvious cure，antidepressants can help those with more severe depression by artificially raising the amount of serotonin (血清素) in the brain.But this isn't suitable for everyone，and many of us can try to just change our mindset.Clinical psychologist Laura Keyes says，“It can be helpful to think about how to adapt your eating and exercise patterns to the change of seasons.” It might sound easier said than done，but accepting winter and thinking positively may energise us.Writing for a social website，Esther De La Ford asks，“What if we explore what this phase of winter has to offer us，instead of being upset about those things that it is taking away？”She suggests we use this time for rest，reflection and slowing down. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了冬季忧郁的起因以及治疗对策：对某些人来说他们可以接受光疗以达到治疗的目的，但多数人可以试着改变思维模式以改善现状，因为接受冬天并积极思考会给我们带来活力。 5．What is the major cause of winter depression? A．Eating more. B．Lack of light. C．Less exercise. D．Feeling lonely. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It's a type of depression with a seasonal pattern caused by a shortage of light”可知，冬季忧郁是由光线不足引起的季节性的抑郁症。故选B。 6．What does the underlined word“antidepressants” refer to in paragraph 4? A．Doctors. B．Plants. C．Medicines. D．Good habits. 解析　C　词义猜测题。根据本句话中的“by artificially raising the amount of serotonin(血清素)in the brain”可知，antidepressants应该是指药物。语境为：抗抑郁药可以通过人为提高大脑中血清素的数量来帮助那些患有更严重抑郁症的人们。故选C。 7．How does the author develop his idea in paragraph 5? A．By describing details. B．By providing evidence. C．By making a comparison. D．By giving an example. 解析　D　推理判断题。本段第一句话中的“accepting winter and thinking positively may energise us”指的是接受冬天并积极思考可能会给我们带来活力，后面以Esther De La Ford为社交网站撰文时提出的问题“What if we explore what this phase of winter has to offer us...it is taking away？”为例来进行说明。由此可知作者是以举例的方式开展本段内容的，故选D。 8．What's this passage mainly about? A．The types of the SAD. B．The importance of taking action. C．The causes of winter depression. D．The way to stay cheerful in winter. 解析　D　主旨大意题。文章第一段最后一句话“So what can be done to lift our spirits？”提出主题，即我们能做些什么来振奋我们的精神，后文皆围绕此主题展开。文中的“lift our spirits”指振奋精神，与选项D中的stay cheerful意义一致。故选D。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·石家庄质检)Your first day anywhere can be tough. As a supply teacher, I had one such experience when I was __1__ to work at a special education school. When I received the call asking if I was available that day, a wave of __2__ rushed over me. I'd never taught in a special school before, but I __3__ pulled myself together and drove to the school. On the way there, I had __4__ about everything I couldn't do. As I __5__， I was greeted by the head who __6__ me there was “nothing to worry about”， but I was feeling anything but! I was told I would teach Key Stage 1. __7__ by their parents, the children began to show up. I tried to __8__ my anxious feelings, although a few drops of __9__ were noticeable. The whole class, a total of 8 with various special needs, arrived by 9：30. Contrary to my __10__， as the day went on，my __11__ levels went down. The children were expressive, unique and passionate, though there were times that left me slightly __12__ by their screams. As the day ended, I could __13__ say it was one of the best experiences of my teaching career. I hope anyone will __14__ working at a special school and allow the passion of the children there to __15__ their love of teaching. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了作者在一所特殊教育学校的一日教书经历。起初，作者心里满是担忧，但是学生们的表现超出了他的预期，给了他很大的触动。那天结束后，作者认为这是自己教学生涯中最棒的经历之一，并希望其他人也可以投入到特殊教育中，让那里的孩子们的热情唤醒自己对教学的热情。 1．A.forced B．required C．allowed D．guided 解析　B　根据下文中的“When I received the call asking if I was available”可知，作者被要求(require)去一所特殊教育学校教书。故选B。 2．A.panic B．sadness C．anger D．sympathy 解析　A　根据下文中的“nothing to worry about”和“I tried to ________ my anxious feelings”可以推断出，作者听到这个请求的时候，内心很恐慌(panic)。故选A。 3．A.hesitantly B．regularly C．eventually D．desperately 解析　C　根据下文中的“pulled myself together and drove to the school”可以看出，作者最终(eventually)接受了这个请求。故选C。 4．A.plans B．thoughts C．doubts D．opinions 解析　B　根据语境和常识可知，作者在去那所特殊教育学校的路上，想了(thought)自己不能做的所有事情。故选B。 5．A.broke up B．sped up C．picked up D．pulled up 解析　D　根据上文中的“drove to the school”和下文中的“I was greeted by the head”可知，作者停下车时，受到了校长的欢迎。pull up“停车；停止”。故选D。 6．A.assured B．warned C．reminded D．informed 解析　A　根据后面的“there was ‘nothing to worry about’”可知，校长向作者保证没有什么可担心的。assure“向……保证；确保”。故选A。 7．A.Abandoned B．Suspected C．Accompanied D．Raised 解析　C　根据下文中的“a total of 8 with various special needs”和常识可知，特殊学校的孩子需要家长陪同(accompany)去学校。故选C。 8．A.maintain B．hide C．spread D．enhance 解析　B　根据语境可知，作者上课前努力隐藏自己的不安情绪。hide“把……藏起来；隐藏”。故选B。 9．A.ink B．rain C．sweat D．blood 解析　C　根据语境可知，尽管几滴汗水(sweat)显而易见但作者努力隐藏自己的不安情绪。故选C。 10．A.decisions B．conclusions C．suggestions D．predictions 解析　D　根据上文中对作者出发前的描述和下文中的“the children were expressive, unique and passionate”可知，学生的实际表现与作者之前的预测(prediction)相反。故选D。 11．A.stress B．education C．energy D．confidence 解析　A　根据下文中的“The children were expressive，unique and passionate”可知，孩子们的表现很好，作者没有那么紧张了。stress“焦虑，紧张”。故选A。 12．A.inspired B．refreshed C．shocked D．satisfied 解析　C　作者尽管对学生们的表现较为满意，但有几次还是有点被他们的尖叫所惊到(shocked)了。故选C。 13．A.regretfully B．honestly C．jokingly D．patiently 解析　B　根据下文中的“I hope anyone will ________ working at a special school”可知，作者真的认为这是自己教学生涯中最棒的经历之一。honestly“真诚地”。故选B。 14．A.admit B．recommend C．tolerate D．consider 解析　D　结合上文内容可知，作者认为这次经历很棒，因此希望其他人也可以考虑(consider)来特殊学校教书。故选D。 15．A.celebrate B．earn C．guarantee D．awaken 解析　D　结合上文内容可知，作者希望其他人也可以考虑来特殊学校教书，让那里的学生的热情唤醒(awaken)他们的教学热情。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$