选择性必修第三册 Unit 3 War and peace（word练习）-【导学教程】2025年英语新编高考大一轮总复习（外研版）

[对应学生用书P575] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·合肥质检)A Malawian woman, Gloria Majiga­Kamoto, was recently awarded the Goldman Environmental Prize for Africa—the world's leading award for grassroots environmental activists. Gloria Majiga­Kamoto was then working for a local environmental organization with a program that gave goats to rural farmers, who would use the goat waste to produce low­cost, high­quality organic fertilizer (肥料).The problem? The thin plastic bags covering the Malawian countryside. “We have this very common street food, chiwaya, which is salty and served in little blue plastics，” Majiga­Kamoto says. “Goats eat the plastic for salty taste and they die because it blocks the ingestion(吸收)system.” For her, this was the moment when it all changed. All of a sudden, she started noticing how plastics were everywhere in the Malawian environment and food system—affecting people's living and health. “I remember back in the day when we'd go to the market and buy things like dried fish, which were wrapped in newspaper，” the 30 year old says. But thin plastics took off in the last decade or so as new producers sprung up in Malawi, selling products like thin plastic bags at cheap prices. In fact, the Malawian government decided to ban the importation, production and distribution of single­use plastic in 2015.But before the ban could go into full effect, Malawi's plastic producing industry appealed to the country's High Court against the ban, causing it to be suspended. When Majiga­Kamoto and her fellow environmentalists heard about this, they were annoyed. She organized marches and rejected the plastic industry's argument that the ban would hurt Malawi's economy—and even debated with an industry spokesman on TV. Finally in 2019, Malawi's High Court ruled in favor of the ban. The following year, the government began closing down illegal plastic producers. Michael Sutton, executive director of the Goldman Environmental Foundation, said，“Majiga­Kamoto's fight with the plastic industry is a perfect example of the spirit of the prize.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。马拉维的Gloria Majiga­Kamoto 女士被授予非洲戈德曼环境奖，文章就她与塑料行业斗争的起因、经过和结果进行了详细叙述。 1．What made Majiga­Kamoto realize the problem? A．Her experience with plastic­eating goats. B．Her discovery of goat waste everywhere. C．Her doubt about the safety of street food. D．Her care for the farmers living in poverty. 解析　A　细节理解题。根据第二段内容，尤其是“Goats eat the plastic for salty taste and they die because it blocks the ingestion(吸收)system”可知，山羊为了尝到咸味而吃塑料但因塑料阻塞其吸收系统而导致其死亡，正是由此得到的教训使Gloria Majiga­Kamoto意识到了塑料导致的环境和健康问题，故选A。 2．What can we learn about Malawi? A．It used to be extremely rich in fish. B．It advocated using thin plastic bags. C．It failed to ban single­use plastic at first. D．It relied heavily on the plastic industry. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第三段的“the Malawian government decided to ban the importation, production and distribution of single use plastic in 2015... causing it to be suspended”可知，马拉维政府在2015年就决定禁止进口、生产和分销一次性塑料，但由于马拉维的塑料生产行业向该国高等法院上诉反对禁令，导致禁令被暂停，即马拉维政府最初未能禁止一次性塑料，故选C。 3．What was the purpose of Majiga­Kamoto's acts in paragraph 4? A．To put the ban into effect. B．To support the government. C．To back the plastic industry up. D．To promote Malawi's economy. 解析　A　推理判断题。根据第四段的“Finally in 2019，Malawi's High Court ruled in favor of the ban. The following year, the government began closing down illegal plastic producers”可知，Gloria Majiga­Kamoto 进行游行等一系列行动的目的是使禁令生效，故选A。 4．Which of the following best describes Majiga­Kamoto? A．Humble. B．Generous. C．Patient. D．Committed. 解析　D　推理判断题。通读全文可知，Gloria Majiga­Kamoto是一个环保工作者，发现塑料给环境和生活带来危害时，决定做出改变；当禁塑令被暂停后她组织了游行并拒绝接受塑料行业关于禁令会损害马拉维经济的论点，甚至在电视上与行业发言人进行了辩论，最终高等法院裁定支持该禁塑令。由此可推知，Gloria Majiga­Kamoto 是一个做事尽心尽力的人，故选D。 B (2023·潍坊模拟)Though researchers have long known that adults build an unconscious (无意识的) preference over a lifetime of making choices between things that are essentially the same，the new finding that even babies engage in this phenomenon demonstrates that this way of justifying choices is intuitive (凭直觉的) and somehow fundamental to the human experience. “The act of making a choice changes how we feel about our options，”said Alex Silver，a Johns Hopkins researcher.“Even infants who are really just at the start of making choices for themselves have this preference.” The findings are published today in the journal Psychological Science.People assume they choose things that they like.But research suggests that's sometimes backward：We like things because we choose them.And，we dislike things that we don't choose.“Adults make these inferences unconsciously，”said co­author Lisa Feigenson，a Johns Hopkins scientist in child development.“We justify our choice after the fact.” This makes sense for adults in a consumer culture who must make random choices every day，between everything from toothpaste brands to styles of jeans.The question is when people exactly start doing this.So they turned to babies，who don't get many choices and so，as Feigenson puts it，are“a perfect window into the origin of this tendency”． The team brought 10­ to 20­month­old babies into the lab and gave them a choice of objects to play with: two equally bright and colorful soft blocks.They set them far apart，so the babies had to crawl to one or the other—a random choice.After the baby chose one of the toys，the researchers took it away and came back with a new option.The babies could then pick from the toy they didn't play with the first time，or a brand­new toy.Their choices showed they “didn't prefer the unchosen object”． To continue studying the evolution of choices in babies，the lab will next look at the idea of“choice overload”．For adults，choices are good，but too many choices can be a problem，so the lab will try to determine if that is also true for babies. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现，婴儿也会像成年人一样在本质相同的事物之间做出选择，从而形成无意识的偏好，这种为选择辩护的方式是凭直觉的，在某种程度上是人类经验的基础。 5．What is people's assumption about the act of making choices? A．They like what they choose. B．They choose what they like. C．They base choices on the fact. D．They make choices thoughtfully. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“People assume they choose things that they like”可知，人们对选择行为的假设是人们认为他们选择了自己喜欢的东西，且文中的assume与题干中的assumption相呼应。故选B。 6．Why were babies selected as subjects for the study? A．To help them make better choices. B．To guide them to perceive the world. C．To track the root of making random choices. D．To deepen the understanding of a consumer culture. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The question is...‘a perfect...this tendency’”可知，研究人员选择婴儿作为研究对象是因为他们想追踪随机选择的根源，故选C。 7．What does the study on the babies show? A．They like novel objects. B．Their choices are mostly based on colors. C．Their random choices become the preference. D．They are unable to make choices for themselves. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Their choices showed they ‘didn't prefer the unchosen object’”可知，他们的选择表明他们不喜欢未选择的东西，即他们的随机选择变成了偏好，故选C。 8．What will the following study focus on? A．The law of “choice overload”． B．The problem of adults' many choices. C．Why too many choices can influence adults. D．Whether babies are troubled by many choices. 解析　D　推理判断题。最后一段中的“For adults，choices...true for babies”指的是有选择对于成年人来说是好事，但太多的选择可能是一个问题，所以实验室试图确定那是否也适用于婴儿。由此可知，接下来的研究重点是婴儿是否也像成年人一样由于有太多的选择而受到困扰。故选D。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2023·苏锡常镇教学调研)I've been working as a United Nations (U.N.) Peacekeeper in the Central African Republic for the past two years. Before this, I was a pilot and I __1___my work. However, I felt it was my duty to help innocent people who are caught in trouble, so I __2___the United Nations. The Central African Republic is a relatively small country. Since it got__3___ from France in the 1960s, there have been many violent conflicts between the government and rebels (反叛者). In 2012, a civil war began, due to which, over one million people were forced to __4__ their homes and there were many deaths and injuries.__5___,_the United Nations established a peacekeeping __6__ in the country. We peacekeepers__7__ cities and villages to __8__ that no conflict is occurring and help bring supplies of food and medicine. We are a __9__ that can keep people in conflict apart. As a woman, I am particularly__10__ as I can act as a role model for many women and girls in the country. When they see how others respect me, they feel that they also __11__ to be respected and treated __12__． My life is not__13__ in any way! It's long hours in a very tough environment. I have basic __14__with just a bed in a shared room. Of course, being away from my family and friends is also very hard at times. However, I know that the Central African Republic is safer because of the U. N. Peacekeepers, and that makes it all __15___． [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者从一名女飞行员转行做了联合国维和部队中的一员，作者在文中不仅描述了她的工作，也表达了对自己工作的骄傲之情。 1．A.hated B．enjoyed C．guarded D．changed 解析　B　根据下文的“However”可知，作者应该是喜欢自己的飞行员工作的，但是她觉得帮助别人更加重要。enjoy意为“喜欢；享受”，符合语境。guard“保卫，看守”。故选B。 2．A.led up to B．looked up to C．kept up with D．signed up with 解析　D　根据上文“I felt it was my duty to help innocent people who are caught in trouble”可知，作者认为帮助那些陷入困境的无辜者是她的责任，所以作者加入了联合国维和部队并执行任务。sign up with意为“和……签约”，符合语境。lead up to“导致”；look up to“尊敬”；keep up with“和……保持联系”。故选D。 3．A.treatment B．technology C．independence D．inspiration 解析　C　根据上下文和常识可知，中非共和国是一个相对较小的国家，自20世纪60年代从法国独立以来，政府和反叛者之间就矛盾不断。independence意为“独立”，符合语境。treatment“对待，治疗”；technology“技术”；inspiration“灵感，启发”。故选C。 4．A.flee B．return C．sweep D．tend 解析　A　根据上文“In 2012, a civil war began”可知，国家内部出现战争，人们应该是逃离了自己的家乡。flee意为“逃走，逃跑”，符合语境。return“返回”；sweep“打扫，席卷”；tend“照顾，护理”。故选A。 5．A.In turn B．In surprise C．In response D．In addition 解析　C　根据上文“a civil war began”和下文“the United Nations established a peacekeeping __6__ in the country”可知，联合国在中非执行维和任务是对内战的回应。in response意为“作为回应”，符合语境。in turn“反过来，轮流”；in surprise“惊奇地”；in addition“另外”。故选C。 6．A.measure B．reputation C．business D．mission 解析　D　根据语境和常识可知，联合国应该是在这个国家执行维和任务。mission意为“任务”，符合语境。measure“方法，措施”；reputation“名声，名誉”；business“生意”。故选D。 7．A.follow B．expand C．monitor D．block 解析　C　根据语境和常识可知，作为维和部队的成员他们应该监管城市和乡村。monitor意为“监控，监管”，符合语境。follow“追随”；expand“扩张”；block“阻止，阻挡”。故选C。 8．A.insure B．prove C．report D．predict 解析　A　根据上下文语境可知，维和人员监管城市和乡村是为了确保没有冲突发生以及供应食物和药品。insure意为“确保”，符合语境。prove“证明”；report“报道”；predict“预测”。故选A。 9．A.bridge B．barrier C．castle D．shelter 解析　B　根据上下文语境可知，作者所在的维和部队任务是保证人们的安全，所以他们应该是让人们远离冲突的屏障。barrier意为“壁垒，屏障”，符合语境。bridge“桥梁”；castle“城堡”；shelter“避难所”。故选B。 10．A.protected B．trusted C．valued D．doubted 解析　C　根据下文“When they see how others respect me”可知，作为一名女性，作者特别受重视，因为作者可以成为这个国家许多妇女和女孩的榜样。value意为“重视”，符合语境。protect“保护”；trust“信任”；doubt“怀疑”。故选C。 11．A.deserve B．prefer C．plan D．fail 解析　A　根据上文的“also”以及下文“be respected”可知，看到作者受重视，其他的非洲女性也觉得和作者一样，她们也值得被尊重。deserve意为“值得，应得”，符合语境。prefer“更喜欢”；fail“失败”。故选A。 12．A.gently B．equally C．seriously D．honestly 解析　B　根据上文“be respected and treated”可知，连词and 表顺承关系，结合respected的意思可知，她们应该被平等对待。equally意为“平等地”，符合语境。gently“温柔地”；seriously“严重地”；honestly“忠诚地”。故选B。 13．A.boring B．rewarding C．difficult D．fancy 解析　D　根据下文“It's long hours in a very tough environment.”可知，作者生活环境非常艰苦，因此生活并不是奢华的。fancy意为“奢华的，精致的”，符合语境。boring“乏味的”；rewarding“值得做的”；difficult“困难的”。故选D。 14．A.association B．accommodation C．administration D．adaptation 解析　B　根据上文提到生活环境非常艰苦以及下文“with just a bed in a shared room”可知，作者只有最基本的住宿条件。accommodation意为“住宿”，符合语境。association“协会”；administration“行政部门”；adaptation“适应”。故选B。 15．A.available B．ambitious C．worthwhile D．educational 解析　C　根据上文“However, I know that the Central African Republic is safer because of the U．N. Peacekeepers，”可知，中非因为维和人员变得更加安全，作者作为其中一员应该是感到值得的。worthwhile意为“值得的”，符合语境。available“可利用的，有空的”；ambitious“有抱负的”；educational“有教育意义的”。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$