选择性必修第三册 Unit 2 A life's work（word练习）-【导学教程】2025年英语新编高考大一轮总复习（外研版）

[对应学生用书P572] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·武昌质检)Throughout history，many of the world's greatest artists never achieved tremendous fame until after their death.That's the case of Vivian Maier，who's now considered to be one of the most important American street photographers of the last century，alongside famous names like Diane Arbus and Henri Cartier­Bresson.But she remained unknown for much of her life，and it was only a chance encounter with a box of negatives that put her in the spotlight. Details of her life are unclear，but she was born in New York City in the 1920s to European parents.Maier grew up in France before returning to the U.S.，where she spent several decades working as a nanny in Chicago to wealthy families.During her days off Maier is thought to have taken more than 100，000 photographs of people and city scenes in Chicago，yet she kept the photos to herself—many of them were never developed. In 2007，a Chicago historian and collector，John Maloof，came across Maier's work by accident after purchasing a box of tens of thousands of undeveloped negatives for $380 at auction(拍卖).As he developed them，Maloof realized they were more than just photos.He was looking at evocative(唤起回忆的)art illustrating the Chicago of the mid­20­century that nobody had ever seen.Maloof worked to uncover who the photographer was，acquiring more and more of her work.But before he could locate her，Maier had already passed away in 2009，having slipped on ice and never recovering from her head injury. While Maloof researched Maier's work，more details emerged.She kept to herself，her employers said，and she would spend her free days taking photos on the streets of Chicago with a Rolleiflex camera.According to Maloof，the children Maier took care of knew she was constantly taking photos，yet she never showed her photos to anyone.Maier also traveled around the world，as is indicated by some of her photos. Other collectors began to acquire Maier's photos，but Maloof owns much of her work.He released a book，Vivian Maier：Street Photographer，in 2011，and his documentary，Finding Vivian Maier，came out in 2013. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。薇薇安·迈尔在芝加哥给富人做了几十年保姆。在此期间，她拍摄了十万多张照片，这些照片展示了二十世纪中期芝加哥的样子，具有艺术和历史价值，但她的名字却鲜为人知。一个偶然的机会，历史学家约翰·马鲁夫发现了薇薇安的作品，并试图找到她。但直到她去世后，薇薇安才声名鹊起。 1．Which word can be used to describe Vivian's life? A．Risky. B．Wealthy. C．Mysterious. D．Miserable. 解析　C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“But she remained unknown for much of her life”可知，她生前基本上鲜为人知；根据第四段中的“She kept to herself...Rolleiflex camera”可知，她喜欢独处，空闲时便用Rolleiflex相机拍照。据此可推知，她是一个神秘的人。故选C。 2．What do we know about Vivian Maier? A．She was born in France. B．She never developed her photos. C．She enjoyed great fame in her life. D．She took photos of Chicago and other cities. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“During her days off...scenes in Chicago”可知，她在休息期间拍摄了许多芝加哥街头的风景照；根据第四段中的“Maier also traveled...of her photos”可知，从她拍摄的照片中可知，她还曾环游世界。据此可知，她拍摄了芝加哥和其他城市的照片。故选D。 3．What did Maloof do after he found Maier's photos? A．He approached Maier's former employers. B．He managed to meet the artist in the flesh. C．He released a collection of Maier's work. D．He purchased more developed negatives. 解析　A　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“While Maloof researched...with a Rolleiflex camera”可知，当马鲁夫研究薇薇安·迈尔的作品时，更多的细节浮出水面；她的雇主说，她喜欢独处，在空闲的日子里，她会在芝加哥的街道上用Rolleiflex相机拍照。据此可推知，马鲁夫在发现薇薇安拍摄的照片后找到了她之前的雇主。故选A。 4．What can be inferred about Vivian Maier's photos? A．They were presented to her employers. B．They were meant to earn her a fortune. C.They were taken by a professional artist. D．They were of artistic and historical value. 解析　D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“He was looking... had ever seen”可知，她拍摄的照片展示了二十世纪中期芝加哥的样子，这些照片是唤起回忆的艺术。再结合尾段内容可知，她拍摄的照片具有艺术价值和历史价值。故选D。 B (2023·济南统考)A tree planting initiative in Kenya has seen over 30，000 trees being planted.The Green Generation Initiative is a Kenyan charity that has been planting trees to counter climate change and the reduction in forest in the East African nation since 2016. Founded by climate activist Elizabeth Wathuti，the initiative's primary focus is on developing young climate activists through environmental education in schools and addressing food insecurity in the region through planting fruit trees.Since its foundation，over 30，000 trees have been planted in Kenya，while thousands of school children have not just planted trees but adopted them to ensure that young people learn the importance of acting as a guardian of the health of the environment.The trees have recorded a survival rate of over 98 percent，as they continue growing from young trees to maturity. Speaking to world leaders at the recent UN Climate Change Conference in Glasgow (COP26)，Elizabeth issued a serious warning about the threat of climate change：“Over two million of Kenyans are facing climate­related starvation.In 2025，half of the world's population will be facing water shortage.By the time I'm 50，the climate crisis will displace over 80 million people in sub­Saharan Africa alone.” Elizabeth said，“I have been doing what I can.Inspired by the great Wangari Maathai，I founded a tree growing initiative that enhances food security for young Kenyans.So far，we have grown 30，000 fruit trees，providing desperately needed nutrition for thousands of children.” “Every day we see that when we look after the trees，they look after us.We are the adults on this Earth right now，and it is our responsibility to ensure that the children have food and water，”she added. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。气候活动家Elizabeth Wathuti于2016年创立了“绿色一代倡议”。自成立以来，它已经在肯尼亚种植了3万多棵树。 5．What is the initiative intended for? A．Making policies. B．Raising money. C．Educating adults. D．Fighting climate change. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“planting trees to counter climate change and the reduction in forest in the East African nation”可知，这项倡议是为了应对气候变化和森林减少而创立的，故选D。 6．What crisis are Kenyans encountering at present? A．Hunger. B．Sickness. C．Water shortage. D．Economic risks. 解析　A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Over two million of Kenyans are facing climate­related starvation”可以看出，肯尼亚现今面临的问题是与气候相关的饥饿问题，故选A。 7．What has been achieved since 2016 in Kenya? A．Over 3，000 trees have been planted. B．Green awareness has been raised. C．Over 80 million people have been saved. D．School education has been guaranteed. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Since its foundation...young people learn the importance of acting as a guardian of the health of the environment”可知，年轻人的环保意识有所提高，故选B。 8．Which of the following can best describe Elizabeth Wathuti? A．Friendly and talented. B．Caring and responsible. C．Honest and determined. D．Ambitious and humorous. 解析　B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I founded a tree growing initiative that enhances food security for young Kenyans”可知，Elizabeth Wathuti关心肯尼亚的年轻一代。根据最后一段中的“it is our responsibility to ensure that the children have food and water”可知，Elizabeth Wathuti是一个有责任心的人，故选B。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2023·石家庄质检)Food waste has become a severe problem across the world due to a lack of understanding of how to effectively use food and conserve it.Roughly one­third of the food produced globally is either lost or wasted every year. __1__ Stop Food Waste Day is an international day of action in the fight against food waste.It started in 2017 by Compass Group，one of the world's largest food­service companies serving restaurants，cafes，hospitals，schools，and more. __2__ On this day，Compass country teams will work together to raise awareness of the critical food waste problem and inspire change. Stop Food Waste Day aims to educate people about their food waste. __3__ Stop Food Waste Day hopes to change the way leftovers are used，so people can take the most significant advantage of what food they use. Compass Group focuses the efforts on its mission by teaching their chefs how to track and reduce waste as much as possible.They also seek to donate more than 250，000 pounds of food each year to local food banks. __4__ Show your support by looking up simple recipes to best use leftovers and fresh produce.Before shopping for food，plan ahead by making a list and only buying what you know you'll use. __5__ Get into the habit of freezing leftovers，instead of throwing them in the rubbish bin.Besides，help teach people about the benefits of stopping food waste. A．It brings about 30 countries together. B．Now it's your turn to take action. C．Food waste，however，can be stopped. D．Help schedule cooking demonstrations and share recipes. E．More importantly，it offers creative and impactful solutions. F．Compass Group promised to reduce food waste by 30% by 2025. G．Also avoid wasting food by seeing what needs to be used up before you go shopping. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了“Stop Food Waste Day”的创立和其宗旨，并提出了一些阻止食物浪费的方法。 1．解析　C　空前一句讲到食物浪费现象严重，下文则讲到Stop Food Waste Day的创立及一些阻止食物浪费的方法，由此可见，食物浪费是可以阻止的，C项“然而，食物浪费是可以阻止的”符合语境。故选C。 2．解析　A　空前一句讲到Stop Food Waste Day是由Compass Group创立的，空后则讲到“Compass country teams will work together”，因此，空处承上启下，应该会讲到其最初创立时候的一些情况，A项“它把大约30个国家团结在了一起”符合语境。故选A。 3．解析　E　空前一句讲到“Stop Food Waste Day旨在教育人们了解食物浪费”，E项“更重要的是，它提供了富有创意的和有影响力的解决方案”承接上文，并且能引出下文中讲到的“改变人们利用剩饭的方式”，E项符合语境。故选E。 4．解析　B　本空考查段落主旨句。根据本段中的“Show your support...plan ahead”可知，本段主要讲到了为阻止食物浪费，人们可以利用的方法，B项“现在该你采取行动了”适合作本段的主旨句。故选B。 5．解析　G　结合本段的主旨句可知，本段主要讲到阻止食物浪费可以利用的方法，G项“在购物前先看看需要用完的东西，避免浪费食物”也是具体方法之一，且“Also”也可以与上文形成并列关系，故G项符合语境。故选G。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2024·深圳调研)For Greek photographer George Doupas, Beijing is home now. During the past decade，he has been photographing the city, capturing its beauty 1.________ sharing these photos online and in exhibitions. “This 2.________(true)represents Beijing—the old and the new, nicely mixing together，” Doupas said while showing his photograph of the Zhihua Temple, a delicate Ming Dynasty building. It 3.________ (locate)in front of a modern office building, Galaxy Soho, which features weaving bridges and interlocking passageways. With rich historical heritage, Beijing 4.______(be)an important center of traditional Chinese culture since the Ming Dynasty. Doupas often gets 5.________ (lose)in the city's splendid ancient architecture. Meanwhile, he is also amazed by the modern city 6.________ (combine)high­end businesses and various industries. “It is fascinating to see a rapidly­developing city that invests so much effort in preserving its past, which is 7.________ I decided to pursue my career here，” he said. Doupas is determined to continue with his career in China, hoping to serve as 8.________ bridge between China and the West. The 9.______(display)that show his photos about Beijing have attracted a large audience in Greece and the Czech Republic. “I call Beijing my home now，” he said. “I'll keep sharing photos of China 10.________ the rest of the world.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。本文主要讲述了在北京生活多年的希腊摄影师George Doupas通过自己的照片向西方介绍中国，他也愿意继续充当中国与西方的桥梁。 1. 解析　and　考查连词。 分析句子结构可知，空处连接前后的“capturing its beauty”和“sharing these photos online and in exhibitions”，两者在意义上为并列关系，所以空处填and。 2. 解析　truly　考查副词。 分析句子结构可知，空处修饰动词represents，应用副词，所以空处填truly。 3. 解析　is located　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作主句的谓语。此处讲述了一个客观事实，时态用一般现在时；be located in意为“坐落于，位于”；主语it为第三人称单数。所以空处填 is located。 4. 解析　has been　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作本句的谓语。结合时间状语 since the Ming Dynasty可知，时态用现在完成时；主语 Beijing 为第三人称单数，所以空处填has been。 5. 解析　lost　考查形容词。此处考查固定表达get lost in...，意为“迷失在……，陷入……”。 6. 解析　combining　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是is amazed，空处在句中作非谓语，与其逻辑主语the modern city之间是主谓关系，所以空处填combining。 7. 解析　why　考查表语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句。结合句意“看到一个快速发展的城市投入了如此多的气力来保护它的过去是很迷人的，那就是我为什么决定在这里追求我的事业”可知，空处填 why。 8. 解析　a　考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，此处需要限定词修饰可数名词bridge，结合句意“充当中国和西方之间的一座桥梁”可知，此处表泛指，且bridge的发音以辅音音素开头，所以空处填a。 9. 解析　displays　考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，空处作主句的主语。根据主句的谓语动词have attracted或从句的谓语动词show可知，主语为复数，所以空处填displays。 10. 解析　with考查介词。此处考查固定表达share...with...，意为“与……分享……”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$