必修第三册 Unit 3 The world of science（word练习）-【导学教程】2025年英语新编高考大一轮总复习（外研版）

[对应学生用书P522] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·福州质检)Imagine driving behind a huge truck shooting clouds of smoke into the air while your new fully electric vehicle cleans up its carbon emissions (排放物). This dream may soon be a reality. A team of students in the Netherlands has created an electric car that not only doesn't produce carbon dioxide when driving, but actually pulls it out of the air. The two­seater sports car was designed and built in less than a year by a team of 32 students at Eindhoven University of Technology. Called “ZEM”， which stands for “zero emission mobility”， the car is equipped with special devices that remove carbon dioxide from the air as it drives. The team says if ZEM is driven about 32，000 kilometers, it can remove 2 kilograms of carbon dioxide from the air. That's not a huge amount. The team calculates that 10 ZEM cars on the road for a year would remove as much carbon dioxide as a typical tree does during that time. However, they also point out that there are over a billion passenger cars in the world that could be using this technology. And if a billion cars were removing carbon dioxide instead of producing it, the result would be huge. ZEM also has several other innovations that help to make it more capable of being sustained: The car's frame and panels(面板) are 3D printed to reduce waste; it was built using recycled and recyclable materials；it can be easily taken apart so that many of its parts can be reused. ZEM's battery is also reusable, and has another handy feature: It can be charged with solar panels on the car's roof, and can even be used to provide power to your house when the car isn't on the road. According to the statistics, transportation was responsible for over 20% of global carbon dioxide emissions in 2020, and of those emissions, cars were responsible for 41%. The Eindhoven team says its goal is to challenge the electric car industry : If 32 students can build a car like this in less than a year, then surely car manufacturers(生产商) are expected to adopt these innovations, too. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰的一个学生团队发明了一种叫作ZEM的电动汽车，这种汽车在驾驶时不仅不产生二氧化碳，而且还可以吸收空气中的二氧化碳。 1．What is special about ZEM? A．It can end the world's CO2 release. B．It can cut the truck's CO2 emissions. C．It can reduce the level of CO2 in the air. D．It can absorb dirty air as well as CO2. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Called ‘ZEM’， which stands for ‘zero emission mobility’， the car is equipped with special devices that remove carbon dioxide from the air as it drives.”可知，这种汽车在行驶过程中可以吸收空气中的二氧化碳。由此可知，ZEM的特殊之处在于它能降低空气中的二氧化碳含量。故选C。 2．Why does the team run the calculation of ZEM in paragraph 2? A．To demonstrate a superb vision of ZEM cars. B．To explain how ZEM removes CO2 as trees do. C．To illustrate the ongoing change in car making. D．To show the influence of ZEM on the car market. 解析　A　推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“However, they also point out that...the result would be huge.”可知，研究团队计算ZEM吸收二氧化碳的量是为了表明ZEM汽车的卓越前景。故选A。 3．What do we know about all the components of ZEM? A．They are of high quality. B．They are easy to process. C．They are convenient to print. D．They are environmentally friendly. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“ZEM also has several other innovations...ZEM's battery is also reusable, and has another handy feature”可知，ZEM的一些创新有助于使其更具可持续性，且ZEM的零部件都是环保、可回收利用的。故选D。 4．What does the Eindhoven team hope to achieve in the future? A．Sharp decline in fuel consumption. B．Mass production of ZEM cars. C．Big success in beating other car makers. D．Dramatic changes in transportation. 解析　B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The Eindhoven team says its goal is to challenge the electric car industry: If 32 students can build a car like this in less than a year, then surely car manufacturers are expected to adopt these innovations, too.”可知，该团队的目标是挑战电动汽车行业，想刺激汽车制造商未来能大批量生产ZEM这样的车。由此可推知，该团队希望在未来实现ZEM汽车的量产。故选B。 B (2023·福州质检)Tetraplegic patients(those who can't move their upper or lower body) are prisoners of their own bodies.Now a robot arm is to help them interact with their world.This research was completed by researchers at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL).Professor Aude Billard and Jose del R．Millan worked together to create a computer program that can control a robot using electrical signals from a patient's brain. First，the user wears an EEG cap to have their electrical signals inside their brain scanned(扫描)effectively，which are then interpreted by the machine­learning algorithm(算法).The computer then sends signals to the robot arm to determine how it moves.As the robot arm performs a motion，the algorithm is looking to get feedback from the user when it makes a mistake：perhaps it moved too fast，or too violently.The end goal is that the robot can learn the right movements for a task in a given context.For example，you might want the arm to use a bit of force to throw a paper ball，but you might want it to be gentler when putting glass bottles. In the team's research，they trained the robot arm to pick up a glass.The arm would move towards the glass and the users' brain would decide if they felt it was too close or too far away.The process is repeated until the robot understands the optimal route for the individual's preference—not too close to be a risk but not so far away to waste movement. “Training an algorithm to read brain waves in a consistent fashion was the most challenging part，because the brain is not only focused on the hand but also processing many other things，”said Millan.“This means our algorithm will never be 100% accurate.” The researchers hope to eventually use their algorithm to control wheelchairs，which would allow people in wheelchairs to have greater control over their movements，speeds and general safety.However，this does require consistency over time from the algorithm. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，为了帮助四肢瘫痪的患者，科学家们发明了机器人手臂，患者可以用脑电波信号控制机器人手臂。 5．Which paragraph mentions the working process? A．Paragraph 1. B．Paragraph 2. C．Paragraph 3. D．Paragraph 4. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，第二段主要讲述了机器人手臂的操作流程。故选B。 6．What does the underlined word“optimal”in paragraph 3 mean? A．Indirect. B．Best. C．Regular. D．Alternative. 解析　B　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的内容可知，既不会太近而有风险，又不会太远而浪费动作。由此可知，最终机器人会了解适合个体偏好的最佳路线，所以optimal意为“最佳的”。故选B。 7．How can the accuracy of reading brain waves be improved? A．By controlling people's brain. B．By ensuring general safety. C．By processing other information. D．By gaining data continuously. 解析　D　推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知，电脑读取脑电波的精确度永远不可能达到100%，再结合最后一段最后一句“However，this does require consistency over time from the algorithm”可知，通过不断获取数据才能提高电脑读取脑电波的准确性，故选D。 8．What could be the best title of the text? A．This robot arm can read your mind B．Robot arms control your movement C．Algorithm finds cure for the disabled D．Machine­learning algorithm can train robots 解析　A　主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，为了帮助四肢瘫痪的患者，科学家们发明了机器人手臂，患者可以用脑电波信号控制机器人手臂。故A项最适合作为文章标题。故选A。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2023·潍坊模拟)Columbia high school girls' soccer team had lost every game in the season until a new __1__ stepped in two years ago. Stuart Henley，a former soccer player and now a truck driver, __2__ the team and started training hard in February 2020.He __3__ the progress of the girls to team­building activities to help them bond on and off the field.He focused on the basics of football like passing, __4__，and movement to try and bring the girls up to a good standard.His __5__ ：coaches could give them guidelines，but girls __6__ what they felt they needed to work on. Obviously，the girls were onto something big in the new season.They __7__ the skills they had learned and teamwork into their __8__，which led them to an __9__ run of eight games，until they were sadly beaten 3­2 by Wyrley Pumas Team.Although this means they have been __10__ the league title，the team have still exceeded (超出)expectation by earning the __11__ to the county's top division. “Whatever brings you down will __12__ make you stronger，especially for girls.” Captain Chelsea said，“Stuart has really __13__ our girls the philosophy of playing soccer.We're going into next season full of confidence and ready to compete against tougher __14__，but for now we're still very much enjoying our __15__．” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了曾经屡战屡败的哥伦比亚高中女子足球队在新教练Stuart Henley的带领下，在新的赛季不但获得亚军，还晋级高一级的联赛。 1．A.player B．driver C．colleague D．coach 解析　D　根据下文的“Stuart Henley，a former soccer player...in February 2020”可知，前足球运动员且现在是卡车司机的Stuart Henley重组了球队，并于2020年2月开始努力训练。由此可知，球队换教练(coach)了。故选D。 2．A.recognized B．rewarded C．reorganized D．founded 解析　C　根据上文的“Columbia high school...two years ago”可知，哥伦比亚高中女子足球队在赛季中输掉了每一场比赛，直到两年前新教练上任。由此可知，新教练走马上任，对球队进行了整改(reorganized)。recognize“认可”；reward“奖励”；found“创办”。故选C。 3．A.applied B．preferred C．credited D．adjusted 解析　C　根据第一段的“Columbia high school...two years ago”可知，足球队不再输掉比赛，说明她们在进步，队员们进行团建活动是促使她们在球场上进步的原因。credit...to...“认为是……的功劳，把……归于”。故选C。 4．A.shooting B．cheering C．walking D．observing 解析　A　根据常识可知，想在比赛中立于不败之地，队员的各项基本技能都得提高，射门(shooting)是其中的一项。故选A。 5．A.principle B．dream C．plan D．virtue 解析　A　根据语境可知，新教练是个有想法的人，他的原则(principle)是：为了球队走上新的高度，他能指导队员们努力训练基本技能，加强默契的配合，但这需要队员们把他的想法付诸实践。故选A。 6．A.found B．decided C．watched D．liked 解析　B　教练针对以前屡战屡败的情况给出自己的指导意见，由队员们确定自己的不足之处，自己确定(decided)加强训练的内容。故选B。 7．A.turned B．divided C．integrated D．translated 解析　C　新教练的指导意见为队员们采纳，她们学以致用，在比赛中默契配合。integrate...into...“把……融入……”，符合语境。故选C。 8．A.styles B．training C．rules D．game 解析　D　根据上文的“Obviously，the girls were onto something big in the new season”可知，足球队参加了新赛季的比赛(game)。故选D。 9．A.embarrassing B．unlucky C．intense D．unbeaten 解析　D　这个赛季，前面她们打了八连胜，没有被对方打败(unbeaten)。embarrassing“使人尴尬的”；unlucky“不幸的”；intense“强烈的，剧烈的”。故选D。 10．A.awarded B．denied C．saved D．limited 解析　B　她们将学到的技能和团队合作融入比赛中，这使她们取得了八场不败的战绩，直到她们不幸地被威利美洲狮队以3∶2击败。由此可知，新赛季中，这支球队得了亚军，冠军头衔是威利美洲狮队的，deny sb the league title“拒绝给某人联赛冠军头衔”，符合语境。故选B。 11．A.promotion B．approach C．solution D．contribution 解析　A　她们没能获得冠军，但也是亚军，有实力进入更高一级的联赛。promotion“晋升”符合语境。approach“方法”；solution“解决办法”；contribution“贡献”。故选A。 12．A.hopefully B．officially C．fortunately D．eventually 解析　D　曾经屡战屡败的一个球队，最终(eventually)扬眉吐气走出了以往的阴霾，一举获得亚军。hopefully“有希望地”；officially“正式地”；fortunately“幸运地”。故选D。 13．A.brought B．taught C．left D．reserved 解析　B　作为教练的Stuart不仅督促队员们练习技能，更教会她们足球运动中的哲学。故选B。 14．A.participants B．winners C．opponents D．partners 解析　C　尽管没能获得联赛冠军，但是球队还是超过了预期，将进入更高一级的联赛，迎来更加强大的对手(opponents)。故选C。 15．A.harmony B．victory C．company D．dignity 解析　B　一个曾经屡战屡败的球队，在赛季中获得亚军，还晋级到高一级的比赛，就是一次值得庆祝的胜利(victory)。harmony“和谐”；company“陪伴”；dignity“尊严”。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$