必修第二册 Unit 3 On the move（word练习）-【导学教程】2025年英语新编高考大一轮总复习（外研版）

[对应学生用书P504] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·武汉联考)When she returned home that year，she was given an enthusiastic welcome in the same hall.Many hands stretched out to her，and many cameras focused on her.A reporter with glasses kept pestering her with the question：What do you like best? She was wondering how to respond when she caught sight of a bunch of flowers.Then she said，“Flowers！”Following her remarks，more flowers were at once presented to her，too many for her to hold.During the past two years，she had participated in many international competitions and brought back one shining medal after another.What she got in return was all smiles，flowers and camera flashes.Was it because of this that she became preoccupied with winning? The more she won，the more obsessed she was with the fear of losing.So her mind was in fact more burdened with success than with failure.The mind could control physical pains but could not free itself from mental strain easily. This time when she was a little off balance on the horizontal bar(单杠)，she became so worried that she lost self­control and fell off.This failure was followed by several more in other events. Afterwards in order to avoid people at the airport，she trailed along behind the team. She found that very few people greeted her and reporters seemed to shun her. However hard she tried，she couldn't turn the tide；she was a complete failure. Indeed，who would side with a failure? All of a sudden，she saw a pair of shoes in front of her.Who could it be? She raised her bent head slowly and saw a navy blue suit，long legs，and then a clear fair face.Before her stood the stewardess with her hands behind her back，speaking with a smile，“I watched your performance on the television.I knew you would come home today.So I am here especially to welcome you.” “I did very poorly，”she said and lowered her head again. “No.You did your best.” “But I failed.” “Nobody can avoid failure.I believe failure is as important to you as success.Failure belongs to the past，and victory is the future.”The stewardess's voice came gentle but firm. Hearing these words，the girl raised her head.The stewardess held out her hands from behind her back with a large bouquet of colorful flowers，and presented it to the girl.The strong fragrance seemed to turn into a magic，powerful current that went through her body.She was moved to tears.Flowers are usually given to victorious heroes.Why to the disgraced loser? [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了一个运动员既有成功，又有失败的故事，作者旨在告诉读者没有最终的成功，也没有致命的失败的道理。 1．What does the underlined word “pestering” mean in paragraph 1? A．Greeting. B．Annoying. C．Inquiring. D．Concerning. 解析　B　词义猜测题。根据语境可知，她胜利归来，受到热烈欢迎，许多人向她伸出手来，许多相机对着她，一个戴眼镜的记者一直缠着她问：你最喜欢什么？pestering与annoying含义一致。故选B。 2．According to the passage，what contributed to her winning medals before? A．She had received many smiles，flowers and camera flashes. B．She was passionate about walking on the horizontal bar. C．Her mind was free from excessive anxiety about failure. D．She was in good physical condition. 解析　C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The more she won...mental strain easily.”和第二段第一句可推知，她之前赢得奖牌的原因是她在思想上没有对失败的过度焦虑，故选C。 3．What may be her strongest emotion after she failed? A．Ashamed. B．Stressed. C．Miserable. D．Grief­stricken. 解析　A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Afterwards in order...behind the team”以及第四段中的“she said and lowered her head again”可推知，失败后，她最强烈的情感是羞愧。故选A。 4．What is the main message the writer tries to convey? A．Action is worry's worst enemy. B．The winners laugh and the losers weep. C．Excessive pressure will become a burden. D．Success is never final and failure is never fatal. 解析　D　推理判断题。通读全文尤其是最后两段可知，本文通过一个运动员既有成功又有失败的故事表达了鲜花可以送英雄，但失败者也值得被尊重，即没有最终的成功，也没有致命的失败的道理。故选D。 B (2023·丽水、湖州、衢州质检)Scientists have solved a puzzle about modern humans，after research showed that a famous skull of a human ancestor found in South Africa is a million years older than experts thought.This discovery has changed what we know of human history. The skull，which scientists have named“Mrs.Ples”，is from an ape­like human relative from a species called Australopithecus africanus.It was found near Johannesburg in 1947 and，based on evidence from its surroundings，it was thought to be between 2.1 and 2.6 million years old.This puzzled scientists，because although Mrs.Ples looks like a possible early ancestor of early humans，the first true humans had already evolved by the time she apparently lived.For this reason，scientists decided that，Australopithecus afarensis，a similar species from Eastern Africa that lived about 3.85 and 2.95 million years ago，was our most likely ancestor instead. To get a more accurate age of Mrs.Ples，a team led by Professor Darryl Granger of Purdue University in Indiana，used a new method to date the sandy rocks where the skull lay.They measured the amount of certain chemicals in rocks，which form at a steady rate when they are exposed to cosmic rays(宇宙射线)on Earth's surface.Once rocks are buried，these chemicals stop forming and slowly disappear；the surviving amount reveals how much time has passed since the rocks(or bones)were on the surface. The new study shows that Mrs.Ples and other australopithecine bones nearby are between 3.4 and 3.7 million years old.This means they lived at the same time as their Eastern African relatives，so either group could have given rise to modern humans.However，team member Dr Laurent Bruxelles pointed out that over millions of years，at only 2，500 miles away，these groups had plenty of time to travel and to breed with each other.In other words，the groups could quite easily have met，had children together and both been part of the history of modern humans. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。在南非发现的一个人类祖先的头盖骨，改变了人们对人类历史的认知。本文介绍了相关时间测算的技术问题，并介绍了不同人对新研究结果的不同看法等。 5．What can we learn about Mrs.Ples from the first two paragraphs? A．It is a skull found in Eastern Africa. B．It is the most possible ancestor of humans. C．It is a million years older than scientists expected. D．It is proved to live between 2.1 and 2.6 million years ago. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Scientists have solved...than experts thought”可知，在南非发现的一个人类祖先的著名头盖骨的时间比专家们认为的要早100万年。故选C。 6．How did scientists get the accurate age of“Mrs.Ples”？ A．By studying the effect of cosmic rays. B．By calculating the forming rate of chemicals. C．By locating the sandy rocks where the skull lay. D．By measuring the surviving amount of chemicals. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They measured the...were on the surface”可知，科学家们通过测量岩石中特定化学物质的含量来判断Mrs.Ples的年龄：岩石暴露在地表时，这些化学物质便以稳定的速度形成，一旦被掩埋，则会停止形成并慢慢消失。故选D。 7．What can we infer from the new study? A．Modern humans came into being in Eastern Africa. B．Mrs.Ples travelled and had children with Eastern African relatives. C．The history of modern humans might begin 3.85 million years ago. D．Ape­like species from Africa could have interacted with each other. 解析　D　推理判断题。根据尾段最后两句可知，在数百万年的时间里，在仅仅2 500英里之外的地方，这些群体有足够的时间远行并彼此繁衍；即这些群体可能很容易相遇、一起生儿育女。据此可以推知，来自非洲的类猿物种可能互相交流、繁衍了。故选D。 8．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A．Puzzle Unsolved B．Ancestor Mystery Solved C．Mrs.Ples：The Earliest Human Being D．Mrs.Ples：A Famous Skull 解析　B　文章标题题。通读全文可知，本文第一段中的“Scientists have solved a puzzle about modern humans”为全文的主旨句，指出“科学家们已解开了关于现代人的祖先之谜”；接着全文围绕此主题句展开，介绍了Mrs.Ples的头盖骨的发现以及使用的预测年龄的方法等。故B项最适合作文章的标题。故选B。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·嘉兴测试)Our savings ran out and we were going to lose our house.We had to move into Grandpa's house，which had been old and beyond __1__ when Grandpa Mac was living.Now that the place had been __2__ for more than five years，it became much worse. The roof seemed to leak __3__. Hundreds of thousands of footsteps had __4__ the finish(末道漆)off the hardwood floors.One of the doors on the kitchen cupboards was broken and it __5__ open forever.Worst of all，the white paint on the walls was beginning to fall but there was __6__ nothing we could do about that. Joe and I both tried to be __7__ around Kelly as we packed to move.She was only three.As long as we didn't give her the wrong __8__ she wouldn't notice the poor condition of her new home. One evening，I walked out into the backyard to __9__ the heavy heat in the house. __10__ there wasn't any air conditioning.Kelly was busy __11__ the dandelions(蒲公英)in the yard.She smiled when she saw me and ran over to give me a bright yellow bunch.“We have __12__ in the yard，Mommy.Most people just have grass，”she said.“We also have pretty butterflies.This must be the __13__ place in the whole world to live.” I suddenly __14__ things were not that bad.It took a three­year­old to teach me how to see something to be __15__ for in our new home. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。由于存款用完，作者一家不得不搬到破旧不堪的老房子居住，但三岁大的女儿发现了新居的美，这使作者意识到自己的现状并没有那么糟糕，自己的新家也有值得感激的地方。 1．A.control B．repair C．recognition D．comparison 解析　B　根据前面的“which had been old”可知，该空应填repair。短语beyond repair指“不能修复”。故选B。 2．A.empty B．noisy C．secret D．busy 解析　A　根据前文可知，在祖父居住的时候房子已经老化而且年久失修→做推断：房子现在是空的，所以更加糟糕→定答案：empty“空的”。故选A。 3．A.for no reason B．in every respect C．on no account D．at any moment 解析　D　前文提到房子年久失修，根据常识可知屋顶看似会随时漏雨。at any moment为固定短语，意为“随时”。故选D。 4．A.worn B．kept C．cut D．cleared 解析　A　此处指老房子的硬木地板也因为被踩的次数太多而掉了末道漆，wear表示“磨出(洞)，磨损，消耗，用旧”。故选A。 5．A.proved B．felt C．grew D．stood 解析　D　根据该句话中的broken和open forever并结合语境可知，该空应填stood，指厨房橱柜上的一扇门坏了而永远开着。stand在此为系动词，后接形容词open作表语。故选D。 6．A.hardly B．simply C．suddenly D．occasionally 解析　B　此处指墙上的白漆开始脱落，但我们对此“确实无能为力。”simply“确实；仅仅，只，不过”。故选B。 7．A.brave B．friendly C．energetic D．cheerful 解析　D　前文提到作者和丈夫的存款用光了，不得不搬到破烂不堪的老房子里居住，他们的心情会很糟糕，由该句话中的tried to可知，作者夫妇在孩子面前尽力表现得高兴(cheerful)。故选D。 8．A.warning B．answer C．message D．lesson 解析　C　作者夫妇不想影响仅仅三岁大的女儿的心情，他们不想将这一糟糕的信息传给女儿，故C项message符合语境。故选C。 9．A.escape B．defeat C．release D．absorb 解析　A　根据常识可知，作者走出房子到后院是为了躲避屋子里的酷热，A项escape“(从不愉快或危险处境中)逃脱，逃避”符合语境。故选A。 10．A.Probably B．Accidentally C．Naturally D．Consequently 解析　C　因为是多年没住人的老房子，没有空调是自然的。naturally意为“自然地，当然地”。故选C。 11．A.planting B．picking C．watering D．observing 解析　B　根据下文中的“give me a bright yellow bunch”可知，女儿此刻正在院子里采摘蒲公英，pick“采，摘”符合语境。故选B。 12．A.flowers B．insects C．seats D．trees 解析　A　根据常识并结合下文女儿所说的话“Most people just have grass”可知，此处是指院子里有花。故选A。 13．A.quietest B．safest C．nicest D．cleanest 解析　C　在三岁大的女儿看来，院子里有花有蝴蝶，这是世界上最好的居住之地，故选C。 14．A.confirmed B．declared C．recalled D．realized 解析　D　听了女儿的一番话，作者突然意识到事情不是那么糟糕，realize“意识到”。故选D。 15．A.eager B．grateful C．concerned D．responsible 解析　B　根据上文可知，此处指三岁大的女儿教会了作者如何在自己的新家看到值得感激的东西。grateful“感激的”符合语境。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$