选择性必修第四册 UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS（word练习）-【导学教程】2025年英语新编高考大一轮总复习（北师大版）

[对应学生用书P556] A级　阅读提升练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·福州第一次质检)The researchers drew a conclusion that orphaned (成为孤儿的) elephants would be more stressed out than non­orphans. There's a lot of evidence that the mother­child bond helps reduce stress in animals, which has been demonstrated previously in rats and birds, says the study leader Jenna Parker. Elephants have complicated social structures and deep family bonds. Because orphaned elephants in the same region died at a higher rate than elephants with living mothers, it seemed like a no­brainer that surviving orphans would be stressed out. The team, however, made an unexpected finding: There really wasn't a difference in the stress hormone (激素) levels of orphaned and non­orphaned elephants, as long as they lived with family members, such as aunts, cousins, or brothers and sisters. Elephants—even the orphans—that lived in groups with fellows of their own age turned out to be under less stress than those that didn't. Parker recalls two orphans in the study, Frida and Rothko. “Frida had a non­functional left ear and Rothko had a non­functional right ear, and they were inseparable，” she says. “It was as though they had at least one good set of ears as long as they were together！” The findings also fit with previous social research in African elephants, Parker says. “Orphans increase interaction with their age mates after their mother's death.” She notes that dominance is structured by age in elephants: Older elephants may outrank younger elephants when it comes to food, for example, but elephants of the same age are generally equals. With human­wildlife conflict and drought threats to elephants in the region, the findings published today in Communications Biology offer a new insight into how having a strong fellow group may contribute to elephants' survival. This information could also help recovery facilities that take in orphaned elephants set the animals up for a successful future in the wild—releasing them in large groups of bonded fellows, for example. “The bottom line here is that elephants need elephants，” says Parker. “And when the worst happens, like losing a mother, some find new ways to survive and grow happily.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了孤儿大象失去母亲之后，同伴的陪伴可以帮助孤儿大象们缓解压力，继而延长它们的寿命。 1．Why are family bonds and social structures mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．To prove their connection. B．To explain their meanings. C．To show their significance. D．To clarify their differences. 解析　C　推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“There's a lot of evidence that the mother­child bond helps reduce stress in animals...”和第三句“Elephants have complicated social structures and deep family bonds.”以及第二段可知，文中提到家庭关系和社会结构是为了说明它们对大象的重要意义。故选C。 2．Which statement may Parker agree with? A．Non­orphans outrank orphans in elephants. B．Orphaned elephants are in need of their age mates. C．Older elephants tend to attend to younger elephants. D．Orphaned elephants prefer interaction with older elephants. 解析　B　推理判断题。根据第二段的最后一句可知，事实证明，与同龄大象生活在一起的大象包括孤儿大象所承受的压力比那些不与同龄大象生活在一起的大象要小；再结合第三段中的“Orphans increase interaction with their age mates after their mother's death.”可知，帕克可能会同意孤儿大象需要同龄伙伴的说法。故选B。 3．What does the author think of the team's research findings? A．They're baseless. B．They're novel. C．They're original. D．They're predictable. 解析　B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“With human­wildlife conflict and drought threats to elephants in the region, the findings published today in Communications Biology offer a new insight into how having a strong fellow group may contribute to elephants' survival.”可知，作者认为这个团队的研究成果给拥有强大同伴的群体如何有助于大象的生存提出了新的见解，即作者认为这个团队的研究成果是新颖的。故选B。 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Hunting and Drought Are Major Threats to Elephants B．Human Protection Helps Orphaned Elephants Survive C．Living with Older Elephants May Contribute to Survival D．Friends May Be Key to Stress Relief for Orphaned Elephants 解析　D　主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍研究发现孤儿大象能从同龄大象那里得到帮助和陪伴，缓解压力，从而延长寿命。再结合文中第二段内容可知，与同龄大象生活在一起的大象包括孤儿大象所承受的压力比那些不与同龄大象生活在一起的大象要小。由此可知，D项(朋友可能是孤儿大象缓解压力的关键)最适合作为文章的标题。故选D。 B (2023·四省高考适应性测试)We all know that unpleasant feeling when we're talking about something interesting and halfway through our sentence we're interrupted. But was that really an interruption? The answer depends on whom you ask, according to new research led by Katherine Hilton from Stanford University. Using a set of controlled audio clips (录音片段)，Hilton surveyed 5，000 American English speakers to better understand what affects people's perceptions of interruptions. She had participants listen to audio clips and then answer questions about whether the speakers seemed to be friendly and engaged, listening to one another, or trying to interrupt. Hilton found that American English speakers have different conversational styles. She identified two distinct groups: high and low intensity speakers. High intensity speakers are generally uncomfortable with moments of silence in conversation and consider talking at the same time a sign of engagement. Low intensity speakers find it rude to talk at the same time and prefer people to speak one after another in conversation. The differences in conversational styles became evident when participants listened to audio clips in which two people spoke at the same time but were agreeing with each other and stayed on topic, Hilton said. The high intensity group reported that conversations where people spoke at the same time when expressing agreement were not interruptive but engaged and friendlier than the conversations with moments of silence in between speaking turns. In contrast, the low intensity group perceived any amount of simultaneous (同时的)chat as a rude interruption, regardless of what the speakers were saying. “People care about being interrupted, and those small interruptions can have a massive effect on the overall communication，” Hilton said. “Breaking apart what an interruption means is essential if we want to understand how humans interact with each other.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。为了更好了解是什么影响了人们对谈话被打断的看法，研究人员进行了实验，最后得出结论：谈话被打断是否是一种干扰取决于提问的对象。 5．What does Hilton's research focus on? A．What interruptions mean to people. B．Whether interruptions are good or not. C．How to avoid getting interrupted. D．Why speakers interrupt each other. 解析　A　推理判断题。根据第二段中“Using a set of...perceptions of interruptions”和第四段中的“The high intensity group...the speakers were saying”可知，为了更好了解是什么影响人们对谈话被打断的看法，Hilton调查了5 000名说美式英语的人，由此可知Hilton的研究焦点在于谈话被打断对人们来讲意味着什么。同时，高强度组和低强度组对谈话被打断的看法也说明了这一点。故A项正确。 6．What do participants of the study need to do? A．Record an audio clip. B．Answer some questions. C．Listen to one another. D．Have a chat with a friend. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据第二段中“She had participants listen to audio clips and then answer questions...trying to interrupt”可知，她让参与者听录音片段，然后回答一些问题，故B项正确。 7．What do low intensity speakers think of simultaneous chat? A．It's important. B．It's interesting. C．It's inefficient. D．It's impolite. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Low intensity speakers find it rude...another in conversation”可知，低强度说话者觉得同时说话很粗鲁，更喜欢人们在谈话中一个接一个地说话，故D项正确。 8．What can we learn from Hilton's research? A．Human interaction is complex. B．Communication is the basis of life. C．Interruptions promote thinking. D．Language barriers will always exist. 解析　A　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知，人们很在意谈话被打断，而那些小小的打断会对整个交流产生巨大的影响，如果想要了解人们如何与其他人交流，分解谈话被打断的含义是必不可少的。由此可见，人类的交流是复杂的。故A项正确。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2023·重庆学业质量调研) Ways to Build Resilience(适应力) Being resilient isn't about avoiding misfortune，but rather how we respond to it.Resilience means doing well in the face of risk or difficulty.__1__ Being resilient can help you manage stress，lower your chances of depression，and has even been proven to make people live longer.To build resilience，the experts suggest the following： Start with reaching out for support.Lack of social support can lead to decreased resilience.While it's easy to let go of important relationships in our busy lives，__2__ Good relationships are a pillar(柱状物) of rock for resilience and are a source of support when the times get tough.And cultivating your sense of humor is also a plus. __3__ Humor helps you to gain perspective during hard times.It also improves your sense of well­being through an increase in dopamine(多巴胺) levels in your brain，and can ultimately increase your overall health. __4__ Having goals and dreams increases resilience.A lack of purpose and goals reduces resilience and may leave you open to being taken advantage of，manipulation (操纵)，and poor life choices; it reduces your sense of control over your life，which can easily lead to depression and anxiety. Be a person of action.Being idle can lead to less resilience，but being active and tackling your problems head­on can promote your ability to deal with tough situations.__5__ Instead，do something about the situation. A．it is vital to make room for them. B．Then find a sense of purpose in life. C．it is exciting to embrace the unknown. D．Hard times call for looking at the lighter side. E．Try to avoid thinking deeply about negative thoughts or ideas. F．It is also the ability to bounce back from tough situations. G．Ask questions until you feel like you have a firm grasp of a situation. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。介绍了增强适应力的建议。 1．解析　F　根据空前的“Being resilient isn't about...doing well in the face of risk or difficulty”可知，此部分在解释resilient的含义，该空与前面内容在意义上连贯，故选F项“它也是一种从困境中恢复的能力”。 2．解析　A　根据该空前面的部分可知，此部分讲的是寻求支持，因为缺乏社会支持会导致适应力下降。根据该空前的逗号可知，空处句子的首字母应为小写，故可从选项A和C中找答案；空处所在句为主从复合句的主句，从句指的是尽管在忙碌的生活中，我们很容易放弃重要的关系。由此可知，主句应选A项“为它们腾出空间很重要”。 3．解析　D　该题可用词汇复现法做出。根据该空前面提到的“the times get tough”以及后面的“Humor helps you to gain perspective during hard times”可知，该空前后都提到了艰难时期，由此可知，此处应选D项“艰难时期需要看到较光明的一面”。 4．解析　B　该空可用结构衔接和词汇衔接做题法做出。该空位于第三段的段首，纵览全文发现第二、三、四段的首句分别为该段的主题句。根据词汇衔接法并结合该空后面的内容“Having goals and dreams increases resilience”可知，该空应选B项“然后找到生活的意义”。 5．解析　E　根据该段首句可知，此部分讲的是做一个有行动的人。根据空后的“Instead，do something about the situation”可知，该空应选E项“尽量避免深入思考消极的想法”。 Ⅲ.完形填空 (2024·白银高三统考)Joseph Salmon, 17, was practising ice fishing with his mom on a lake in Iowa. Suddenly, Salmon saw a jeep, driven by an old man, Thomas Lee, __1__ off the ice and into the water. As soon as Salmon saw it a short distance away, he called 911 and ran over to help. For a(n) __2__， he was right standing on the __3__． Then another young man waved at Lee and tried to __4__ to him to get out of the jeep. However, it seemed that Lee, __5__， didn't really know what to do next, just sitting on the seat. __6__， he couldn't move at all. Things looked extremely __7__. As Salmon and the young man became __8__ in face of the emergency, more people came. Then someone found there was an animal in the jeep. Salmon immediately jumped into the __9__， got to the jeep and tried opening the back door. It was locked, and he had to __10__ the back window and __11__ to get Lee out, whose foot was __12__ because of being caught between the center console (控制台) and the seat. So Salmon gently pushed Lee back towards the front. Just then, four more passers­by __13__ over to help pull Lee and his dog to safety. Finally, the rescue workers arrived. Lee was transported to a nearby hospital. Neither he nor his dog was injured while Salmon was only treated for a minor __14__ from the broken glass. How __15__ they were! [语篇解读]　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了17岁的Joseph Salmon和妈妈在湖边钓鱼的时候，看到一位名叫托马斯·李的老人开着一辆吉普车从冰上掉到水里。Salmon跳进水里，救出了老人和他的狗，Salmon受了轻伤，而老人和狗都没有受伤。 1．A.fall B．shake C．show D．push 解析　A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，萨尔蒙看到一位名叫托马斯·李的老人开着一辆吉普车从冰上掉到水里。fall落下；shake摇晃；show展示；push推。根据后文“As soon as Salmon saw it a short distance away, he called 911 and ran over to help.(当萨尔蒙在不远的地方看到它时，他立刻拨打了911并跑过去帮忙)”拨打了911，可知是落水了。故选A。 2．A.reason B．strike C．instant D．error 解析　C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：就那么一瞬间，他站在了湖边上。reason理由；strike罢工；instant瞬间；error错误。根据上文“As soon as Salmon saw it a short distance away, he called 911 and ran over to help.(当萨尔蒙在不远的地方看到它时，他立刻拨打了911并跑过去帮忙)”可知，他很快跑过去帮忙，for an instant表示“瞬间”形容他速度很快。故选C。 3．A.border B．blackboard C．street D．shoreline 解析　D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：就那么一瞬间，他站在了湖边上。border边界；blackboard黑板；street街道；shoreline海岸线，岸边。根据上文“Joseph Salmon, 17, was practising ice fishing with his mom on a lake in Iowa.(17岁的约瑟夫·萨尔蒙和妈妈在爱荷华州的一个湖上练习冰上钓鱼)”可知，在湖边钓鱼看到了老人掉进了水里，所以是站在湖边。故选D。 4．A.drive B．signal C．return D．explain 解析　B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，另一个年轻人向李挥手，试图示意他离开吉普车。drive驾驶；signal示意，发信号；return返回；explain解释。根据上文“Then another young man waved at Lee”可知，挥手是为了示意他离开吉普车。故选B。 5．A.at a loss B．at no cost C．in shame D．in relief 解析　A　考查介词短语辨析。句意：然而，李似乎不知所措，不知道下一步该做什么，只是坐在座位上。at a loss困惑；at no cost免费的；in shame羞愧地；in relief松了口气。根据后文“didn't really know what to do next”可知，李似乎不知所措，不知道下一步该做什么，故选A。 6．A.Therefore B．Instead C．Somehow D．Otherwise 解析　C　考查副词词义辨析。句意：不知怎么的，他根本没动。Therefore因此；Instead相反；Somehow不知怎么；Otherwise否则。根据上文“didn't really know what to do next, just sitting on the seat”可知，李不知怎么一动不动，很茫然。故选C。 7．A.reliable B．promising C．vague D．urgent 解析　D　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事情看起来非常紧急。reliable可靠的；promising有希望的；vague模糊的；urgent紧急的。呼应后文“in face of the emergency”指事情紧急。故选D。 8．A.aggressive B．anxious C．patient D．peaceful 解析　B　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：面对紧急情况，萨尔蒙和年轻人变得焦虑起来，越来越多的人来了。aggressive好斗的；anxious焦虑的；patient耐心的；peaceful和平的。根据后文“in face of the emergency, more people came”可知，老人坐在吉普车上一动不动，面对紧急情况，萨尔蒙和年轻人变得焦虑起来，越来越多的人来了。故选B。 9．A.ship B．pool C．river D．water 解析　D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：萨尔蒙立刻跳进水里，爬上吉普车，试图打开后门。ship船；pool泳池；river河流；water水。呼应上文“off the ice and into the water”指萨尔蒙立刻跳进水里，想去救出老人。故选D。 10．A.handle B．drag C．break D．purchase 解析　C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：车门被锁住了，他不得不打破后窗，试图把李救出来，李的脚被夹在中控台和座位之间，动弹不得。handle处理；drag拖拉；break打破；purchase购买。根据上文“It was locked”可知，车被锁了，所以要打破后窗进去，故选C。 11．A.hesitated B．sought C．declined D．regretted 解析　B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：车门被锁住了，他不得不打破后窗，试图把李救出来，李的脚被夹在中控台和座位之间，动弹不得。hesitate犹豫；seek寻找；decline下降；regret后悔。根据后文“to get Lee out”可知，萨尔蒙进到车里是为了救出李，故选B。 12．A.motionless B．artificial C．flexible D．obvious 解析　A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：车门被锁住了，他不得不打破后窗，试图把李救出来，李的脚被夹在中控台和座位之间，动弹不得。motionless静止的；artificial人工的；flexible灵活的；obvious明显的。根据后文“because of being caught between the center console and the seat”可知，李的脚被夹在中控台和座位之间，动弹不得。故选A。 13．A.held B．took C．washed D．rushed 解析　D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在这时，又有四名路人冲过来帮忙把李和他的狗拉到安全的地方。hold举行；take带走；wash洗涤；rush急忙。根据后文“over to help pull Lee and his dog to safety”可知，四名路人冲过来帮忙把李和他的狗拉到安全的地方。故选D。 14．A.mistake B．scratch C．procedure D．resource 解析　B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：他和他的狗都没有受伤，而萨尔蒙只是被碎玻璃擦伤了一点。mistake错误；scratch划痕，划破；procedure程序；resource资源。根据后文“from the broken glass”指萨尔蒙被碎玻璃擦伤了一点。故选B。 15．A.fortunate B．elegant C．ridiculous D．sensitive 解析　A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们是多么幸运啊！fortunate幸运的；elegant优雅的；ridiculous可笑的；sensitive敏感的。根据上文“Neither he nor his dog was injured while Salmon was only treated for a minor”可知，李和狗都没有受伤，萨尔蒙只是被碎玻璃擦伤了一点，所以是很幸运。故选A。 B级　写作规范练 Ⅰ.语法填空 (2023·东北三省联考)A small village in Yunnan Province is 1.________ (wide) known as the Dai paper factory. There are nets for 2.________ (dry) paper all over the village and inside villagers' houses. Dai paper 3.________ (make) for over 800 years there up to now. One of the best papermakers is Yan，who was already interested in Dai paper at an early age. Taught 4.________ his grandparents to be a papermaker at 16，Yan was quickly able to complete 5.________ production process independently. Unlike ordinary papermaking where trees need to be cut down，Dai paper is environmentally friendly. This is 6.________ its raw material is the recyclable bark of a kind of trees unique to the area. Dai paper's production process is still used today. In a workshop，Yan demonstrated 11 different papermaking 7.________ (process)to us. Although Dai paper carries the culture and 8.________ (believe)of the Dai people，the crafting of it is faced with great challenges. 9.________ (address)the problems，Yan improved Dai's papermaking technology，thus saving production time and reducing labor costs.And then he 10.________ (start)teaching the villagers his new papermaking process for free. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。介绍了传统的傣族造纸工艺。 1．解析　widely　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，修饰动词应用副词形式，此处表示范围广泛，故填widely。 2．解析　drying　考查非谓语动词。介词后用动词­ing形式。故填drying。 3．解析　has been made　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语up to now可知，时态应用现在完成时；主语Dai paper与make之间为被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态。主语是单数，所以用has。故填has been made。 4．解析　by　考查介词。分析句子结构可知，空处引出动作的发出者，所以用介词by。by常置于表示被动的动词后，表示施为者。故填by。 5．解析　the　考查冠词。此处特指上文提到的傣族纸的生产过程，所以用定冠词，故填the。 6．解析　because　考查连词。根据上下文可知，这是解释傣族纸环保的原因，且为前果后因，故填because。 7．解析　processes　考查名词复数。根据上文的“11 different”可知，空处应用可数名词的复数形式。故填processes。 8．解析　belief(s)　考查名词。根据连词and可知，空处和名词culture为并列关系，所以用名词形式，名词belief作“信仰”之意讲时为可数名词，此处单复数皆可。故填belief(s)。 9．解析　To address　考查非谓语动词。此处应用不定式作目的状语，表示“为了解决这些问题”。因空处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填To address。 10．解析　started　考查动词的时态。根据then可知，此处的时态和上文的时态应是一致的，结合improved可知，应用一般过去时。故填started。 Ⅱ.应用文写作 (2023·北京房山区期末)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你获悉首都博物馆正在招募于暑假期间做英文讲解的志愿者，向外国游客介绍中国文化。请你用英文给相关负责人写一封申请信，内容包括： 1．说明写信原因； 2．介绍你的相关经验和优势； 3．希望能被录用。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Sir or Madam， ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely， Li Hua One possible version： Dear_Sir_or_Madam， Knowing English volunteer guides for the Capital Museum are wanted during the summer vacation, I am writing to apply for this position. I am a Senior 3 student in Hongxing Middle School, and I believe I am qualified for the position. These years, I have been on several exchange programs in America, which makes me confident about my communication skills in English. Besides, as a fan of Chinese ancient history, I am sure my knowledge will prove helpful when I introduce Chinese culture to foreign guests. I would be very grateful if you could offer me the opportunity. Thank you for your consideration. Looking forward to your reply. Yours_sincerely， Li_Hua Ⅲ.读后续写 (2024·兰州第五十五中学阶段练习)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 It was Monday. I was standing in the doorway of my room at The Seeing Eye (a guide dog school), anxiously waiting to hear my instructor call my name. All sorts of questions ran through my mind, and on the top was the fear that I was making an awful mistake—to adopt (领养) a guide dog when I had been afraid of dogs all my life? Crazy! I wanted to bite my nails. I changed from one foot to the other and sighed frequently. Finally, shocking me out of my own thoughts, I heard my instructor say, “Shannon！” “Shannon，” she said, “This is George.” Two huge paws touched my knees. “Down, George，” my instructor said, and the dog obeyed immediately. We were taken back to my room where the door was closed, being left alone. I petted him. He put up his paw to shake my hand, and he sat so nicely, as if to say, “I'm a good boy, I promise.” However, several minutes later, George got bored with me and went to the door, crying out for the lady who had trained him. I was at a complete loss as to what to do next. Sometime later, my instructor took George and me on a walk outside. I took the handle of George's harness (项圈) and stumbled (跌跌撞撞走) around that path instead of walking, and I kept stepping on poor George's feet, but he never stopped and neither did I. Still, I was worried. If this stumbling around was what I could expect, maybe this guide dog wasn't for me. In the school, we were taught to walk with our dogs. We were also taught to feed, water and care for our dogs without any sighted help. We had to master all things before we left the school. Sometimes, it was easy, and sometimes it was not. I struggled hard in order to pass the last day exam, where I would walk along an unfamiliar street with George. If we arrived at the destination safely, I could take George home. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Finally the big moment came. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Then came my instructor's words, “You did it！” ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ One possible version： Finally, the big moment came.I stood there at the corner and took a deep breath. Obviously, my instructor was asking me to put my life into the hands of a dog. I lifted the leather handle and took another breath. “George, forward.” Suddenly, this seventy­eight­pound dog started pulling me down an unfamiliar sidewalk. I had never walked so fast that my feelings were ranging between terror, amazement and joy. And then without warning, George stopped. Then came my instructor's words, “You did it！” I did it! I had walked down an unfamiliar sidewalk at a pace that most sighted folks would call running. I knelt down on that hot sidewalk and hugged that big dog. “We did it, George! You did it！” For the next eight years, I was covered in dog hair but I didn't feel like a disabled person. George stopped working as a guide dog in August 2006, but he lives on in my memory, reminding me to trust in myself no matter how rough the sidewalks get. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$