选择性必修第一册 UNIT 1 RELATIONSHIPS（word练习）-【导学教程】2025年英语新编高考大一轮总复习（北师大版）

[对应学生用书P519] A级　阅读提升练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·丽水、湖州、衢州质检)Have you ever walked through a door and thought to yourself，“What was I going to do？”If you have，you are not alone.Psychologists believe that walking through a door and entering another room creates a“mental block”in the brain.This is generally referred to as the doorway effect. In the early years of brain research，scientists thought that human memory was like a closet，with many sections in which we could store little boxes of experiences from our lives.Boxes would remain there forever，and whenever we had to look into them，we could just go to that particular section and find that box of memory. Beautiful as this description of human memory formation sounds，it is not true.Our brain is much more complex than that.Psychological studies suggest that our memories are episodic(有许多片段的)in general.If you think back on anything，you'll probably quickly realize our memories don't function as clear narratives.Instead，they're more episodic and divided into parts. The new research led by psychologist Oliver Baumann from Bond University in Australia suggests that it's not so much the doorways that cause a memory wipe，as when we move from one location to a significantly different one，there is abrupt change of the scene that prepares our minds for something new.“A good example is moving around in a department store，”says Baumann.“Taking the elevator between floors may have no effect on our memory，but moving from the store to the parking lot might cause us to forget something that we need to buy.” Baumann also points out that a busy and perhaps overloaded brain does seem to play some part in this phenomenon.In other words，walking through open doors is thought to reset memory to make room for a new episode. The good news is that experiencing such forgettable episodes after entering another room does not tell you anything about your memory and intelligence.So when you enter a room and suddenly forget why you are there，you should not think that Alzheimer's disease is creeping up on you! [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，当人们走进一扇门时总会忘记一些事情，这种情况被称为“门口效应”。本文主要介绍了“门口效应”产生的原因，以及对大脑的其他研究成果等。 1．Which of the following would most probably be the“doorway effect”？ A．You missed a call and forgot to ring back. B．You read a book and forget what it is about. C．You entered the office and forgot what to get. D．You saw a man years ago and forget who he is now. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Psychologists believe that...the doorway effect”可知，“门口效应”是指穿过一扇门进入另一个房间时，我们会在大脑中形成“心理障碍”，这会导致暂时性遗忘，故C项“你走进办公室，忘了要去拿什么”符合“门口效应”的特征。故选C。 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．All memories are linked in the brain. B．Memories are clearly separated in the brain. C．Not all the memories can be found in the brain. D．Memories are stored in particular sections of the brain. 解析　C　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“walking through...room for a new episode”可知，穿过敞开的门被认为会重置记忆，为新情节腾出空间。根据第六段的首句“The good news is...and intelligence”可知，在进入另一个房间后经历这种情节遗忘是正常现象。据此可以推知，并非所有的记忆都能在大脑中找到。故选C。 3．What can we infer from Baumann's research? A．Taking an elevator stimulates new memory. B．Walking through open doors results in memory loss. C．A sudden change of the scene boosts intelligence development. D．An overloaded brain increases the possibility of the doorway effect. 解析　D　推理判断题。根据第五段“Baumann also points...make room for a new episode”可知，Baumann还指出，忙碌和可能超负荷的大脑似乎确实在“门口效应”中起了一定作用，即穿过敞开的门被认为会重置记忆，为新情节腾出空间。据此可以推知，超负荷的大脑增加了“门口效应”的可能性。故选D。 4．What does the author think of the“doorway effect”？ A．Insignificant. B．Beneficial. C．Influential. D．Damaging. 解析　A　推理判断题。通读最后一段可知，在进入另一个房间后经历这种情节遗忘跟记忆力和智力并无关系，所以当你进入一个房间，突然忘记你为什么在那里的时候，你不应该认为自己有患阿尔茨海默氏病的嫌疑。据此可以推知，作者认为“门口效应”无关紧要。insignificant“微不足道的”；beneficial“有裨益的”；influential“有很大影响的”；damaging“损害的”。故选A。 B (2023·广东六校第一次联考)The idea of climbing Mt.Qomolangma disgusted me.The mountain came to represent the opposite of everything that I loved and respected about climbing.What had once been the final mountain climbing goal became the focus of a commercial guiding industry.Over the years，the crowds at Base Camp grew，leaving behind tons of trash.Whenever I was asked whether I'd climb Mt.Qomolangma，my answer was always the same：not interested. That was probably where my personal Mt.Qomolangma story would have ended，were it not for an old friend and his obsession(迷恋)with one of the greatest mysteries.In 1999，Thom Pollard began to explore and found the remains of George Mallory，the celebrated British climber who disappeared while he was attempting to be the first to climb Mt.Qomolangma.But Mallory's partner，Sandy Irvine，and the camera he had likely carried，were not found.The mountain climbing world has been wondering whether they might have reached the top in 1924. Pollard's story moved me.I began to pack for the climb and expected that our advanced equipment would make it manageable，perhaps easy.I was wrong.On the highest point on the planet，I was more tired than I'd ever been in any climbing.Along the way，I continuously tipped_my_hat，not just to Mallory and Irvine but to anyone who has the drive to push himself or herself up this route.My search was in vain，but I began to reconsider Mt.Qomolangma. I witnessed many climbers，who were much more than just self­centered tourists.We shared route information，weather forecasts，and family photos—all united around a common goal. I went to Mt.Qomolangma to seek Irvine.But in the end，I found something more difficult to get：the spirit that Irvine and Mallory shared.It was hiding in plain sight，fight where it has always been：inside the brave souls who risk so much to follow in storied adventurers' footsteps up Mt.Qomolangma. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。在Thom Pollard的激励下，作者开始攀登珠穆朗玛峰，但他发现这要比他想象中难。在攀登的过程中，作者感悟到了更重要的东西，并对那些冒着巨大风险追随传奇探险家的脚步而攀登珠穆朗玛峰的勇敢攀登者表达了钦佩之情。 5．What is the main reason why the author hated climbing Mt.Qomolangma? A．He changed his climbing goal. B．Mt.Qomolangma was seriously polluted by trash. C．Mt.Qomolangma became an industry to make money. D．The mountain was too crowded with climbers. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“What had once been the final mountain climbing goal became the focus of a commercial guiding industry”可知，曾经的最终登山目标成了商业向导行业的焦点。由此可知，作者讨厌攀登珠穆朗玛峰是因为它变成了一个赚钱的行业。故选C。 6．Why did the author climb Mt.Qomolangma later? A．Because he desired to challenge himself. B．Because he got motivated by Thom Pollard. C．Because his old friend persuaded him to climb again. D．Because he wanted to follow the footsteps of Mallory and Irvine. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Pollard's story moved me”可知，Pollard的故事打动了作者。由此可知，作者后来攀登珠穆朗玛峰是受到了Thom Pollard的激励。故选B。 7．What does the underlined phrase “tipped my hat” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Expressed my gratitude. B．Proved my determination. C．Relieved the tiredness. D．Showed my respect. 解析　D　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“I began to pack for the...in any climbing”可知，作者本来以为先进的登山设备可以使攀登珠穆朗玛峰变得容易，但是事实证明，作者错了。在地球的最高点，作者感觉攀登珠穆朗玛峰比以往任何一次攀登都要累。再根据画线词后的“not just to Mallory and Irvine but to anyone who has the drive to push himself or herself up this route”可知，此处表示在攀登的过程中，作者一直在向Mallory、Irvine和所有有动力推动自己走上这条路的人致敬。故选D。 8．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Admiration for the climbers. B．Concern about the risk. C．Confidence in the journey. D．Hope for Mt.Qomolangma's future. 解析　A　段落大意题。根据最后一段中的“It was hiding...footsteps up Mt.Qomolangma”可知，Irvine、Mallory所分享的这种精神隐藏在显而易见的地方，就在它一直存在的地方：在那些冒着巨大风险追随传奇探险家的脚步而攀登珠穆朗玛峰的勇敢灵魂里。由此可推断，作者在最后对那些冒着巨大风险追随传奇探险家的脚步而攀登珠穆朗玛峰的勇敢攀登者表达了钦佩之情。故选A。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2024·兰州五十五中阶段练习) How to Show Respect Whether you're talking to your best friend or a stranger, respecting them shows that you're kind and considerate. Here are some easy ways to show respect in your life. Listen to others. Practice active listening to show you respect others.__1__ Nod your head and ask follow­up questions to stay focused in the conversation. Even if you disagree, try to consider the point of view before responding. Confirm (肯定) people's opinions. When you're talking to someone, confirm their opinions in your own words. You can also mention their achievements to let them know you see how hard they've worked. You could say something like, “What you just said was really cool.__2__” Or, “I can tell you've worked super hard to get your business off the ground.” Apologize when you're in the wrong. It shows a great deal of maturity (成熟). If you mess up, a simple “I'm sorry” goes a long way. Try not to make excuses for yourself.__3__ For example, if you forgot a deadline, you could say, “I'm really sorry. I'll be setting reminders so this doesn't happen again.” __4__ Stick to your word. If you commit (承诺) to an event or make plans with someone, come through on your end of the deal. Being reliable shows respect for people's time. Have your materials in order and complete all the necessary work ahead of time.__5__ It can be tough at first, but it's better to be honest. A．Do what you say you'll do. B．Just say no if you can't commit. C．Wait to talk instead of merely listening. D．I can tell you've thought a lot about this topic. E．Watch and be quiet when someone else is talking. F．Excuses are useless if you want to correct your mistakes. G．It might also be helpful to have a plan to avoid such mistakes again. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。无论你是和你最好的朋友还是陌生人说话，尊重他们都能显示出你的善良和体贴。文章介绍了一些在生活中表达尊重的简单方法。 1．解析　E　根据上文“Practice active listening to show you respect others.(练习积极倾听，表现出你对他人的尊重)”以及后文“Nod your head and ask follow­up questions to stay focused in the conversation.(点头并问一些后续问题以保持谈话的专注)”可知，上文提到了积极倾听，可知本句是在承接上文说明如何积极倾听和尊重他人，故E选项“当别人说话时，注意观察并保持安静”符合语境，故选E。 2．解析　D　根据上文“When you're talking to someone, confirm their opinions in your own words. You can also mention their achievements to let them know you see how hard they've worked. You could say something like, ‘What you just said was really cool.’(当你和别人说话的时候，用你自己的话来肯定他们的观点。你也可以提到他们的成就，让他们知道你看到了他们的努力。你可以这样说，‘你刚才说的真的很酷’)”以及后文“Or, ‘I can tell you've worked super hard to get your business off the ground.’(或者，‘我看得出来，你非常努力地让你的生意起步。’)”可知，本句是对上文举例的补充，即说话来肯定对方的努力。故D选项“我知道你对这个话题想了很多”符合语境，故选D。 3．解析　G　根据后文“For example, if you forgot a deadline, you could say, ‘I'm really sorry. I'll be setting reminders so this doesn't happen again.’(例如，如果你忘记了截止日期，你可以说：‘我真的很抱歉。我会设置提醒，这样就不会再发生这种事了。’)”可知，后文的例子表明可以通过采取措施来避免犯错。故G选项“制定一个计划来避免类似的错误也会有所帮助”符合语境，故选G。 4．解析　A　根据后文“Stick to your word. If you commit (承诺) to an event or make plans with someone, come through on your end of the deal. Being reliable shows respect for people's time. Have your materials in order and complete all the necessary work ahead of time.(遵守你的诺言。如果你承诺了一件事或和某人有计划，那就完成你的交易。可靠是对他人时间的尊重。把你的材料整理好，提前完成所有必要的工作)”可知，本段的主旨主要是遵守承诺，即说到做到。故A选项“说到做到”符合语境，故选A。 5．解析　B　根据后文“It can be tough at first, but it's better to be honest.(一开始可能会很艰难，但最好是诚实)”可知，后文提到了一开始很艰难，说明本句是在说明导致艰难的情况。故B选项“如果你不能承诺，就说不”符合语境，故选B。 Ⅲ.完形填空 (2023·潍坊统考)I pulled over and one of the boys standing by the road asked for some water. My heart __1__ when I heard this. In Wilcannia，where I now worked as a primary school teacher with a six­month contract，there was a drought.Quickly __2__ my car，I gave a bottle to the children before saying goodbye. Moments like this reminded me just how __3__ I'd come from my old life as a teacher hundreds of kilometers away in Sydney. In my first lesson with Year Six I made a __4__ for our class：Mistakes are expected，respected and corrected. We posted this on the wall in the classroom as a __5__ to students. I hoped it would give students __6__ to keep moving forward.We __7__ so well that by the end of month­one，I __8__ my contract to a full year in the rural or remote place! A real __9__ was helping with the town's annual kids' fashion parade(游行).But the pandemic __10__ a move to online learning. So I __11__ students to film videos of themselves singing From Little Things Big Things Grow. The children's performance won wild applause.And __12__ I was awarded the Best Music Teacher of the Year. This sort of __13__ was such an honour! Now，three years later，I'm __14__ in Wilcannia. People always ask me how long I plan to stay here，and then comes my __15__ reply：“Another year.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了作者从悉尼去了Wilcannia做小学教师，他只签了6个月的合同。但在执教的过程中，作者与孩子们建立了很好的关系，因此他把合同延长到了1年。作者还因自己的工作表现良好，获得了年度最佳音乐老师奖项。3年过去了，作者依然在这里教书。当别人问他还会在这里待多久时，作者的回答总是“再教一年”。 1．A.sank B．beat C．melted D．raced 解析　A　根据语境可知，站在路边的一个男孩向作者要水；根据下文中的“In Wilcannia...there was a drought”可知，这个地方发生了旱灾，可推断出作者的心情应该很沮丧，sink“(心情)沮丧”；beat“打败(某人)”；melt“融化”；race“参加比赛”。故选A。 2．A.checking B．searching C．mending D．parking 解析　B　根据下文中的“I gave a bottle to the children”可知，作者在车上找了一下。check“检查”；search“搜寻，查找”；mend“修理，解决”；park“停(车)”。故选B。 3．A.fast B．soon C．long D．far 解析　D　根据下文中的“hundreds of kilometers away in Sydney”可知，作者从很远的悉尼来到Wilcannia教书，且过去的生活和现在的生活也相去甚远。故选D。 4．A.decision B．motto C．change D．plan 解析　B　根据下文中的“Mistakes are expected，respected and corrected.We posted this on the wall in the classroom”可以推测，作者为班级制订了一条格言。motto“座右铭，格言，箴言”。故选B。 5．A.reminder B．symbol C．gift D．picture 解析　A　根据语境和常识可知，把班训贴在教室的墙上是为了提醒学生按班训要求的去做，因此，班训成了一个提醒物。reminder“提醒人的事物”；symbol“象征”。故选A。 6．A.experiences B．capacity C．confidence D．signals 解析　C　根据班训的内容“Mistakes are expected，respected and corrected”可知，作者鼓励孩子们不要怕犯错误，要有信心勇往直前。capacity“能力”；confidence“信心”；signal“信号，标志”。故选C。 7．A.bonded B．behaved C．reacted D．operated 解析　A　根据下文中的“I __8__ my contract to a full year”可以推断，作者和孩子们建立了很好的关系。bond“建立关系”；behave“表现”；react“作出反应”；operate“运转，操作，动手术”。故选A。 8．A.restricted B．maintained C．drafted D．extended 解析　D　根据上文中的“with a six­month contract”可知，“my contract to a full year”表明作者的合同延长了。restrict“限制，约束”；maintain“维持，维修”；draft“起草，草拟”；extend“延伸，延长”。故选D。 9．A.chance B．highlight C．love D．routine 解析　B　根据下文中的“the town's annual kids' fashion parade(游行)”和常识可知，帮助镇上一年一度的儿童时尚游行是作者执教过程中的高光时刻。highlight“最好(或最精彩、最激动人心)的部分”；routine“常规，惯例”。故选B。 10．A.added B．led C．kept D．saw 解析　D　根据语境和常识可知，流行病也见证了学生从线下学习到线上学习的变化。see“历经，目睹”。故选D。 11．A.expected B．employed C．guided D．troubled 解析　C　根据上文内容可知，流行病导致课程转为线上形式，再结合常识可知，此处是指作者指导学生拍摄自己唱歌的视频。expect“预计”；employ“雇用”；guide“指导”；trouble“使烦恼”。故选C。 12．A.gradually B．subsequently C．frequently D．temporarily 解析　B　根据故事发展脉络可知，学生的表现获得了很多掌声，作者后来也获得了年度最佳音乐老师这一奖项。gradually“逐渐地，逐步地”；subsequently“后来，随后”；frequently“经常，频繁地”；temporarily“暂时地”。故选B。 13．A.recognition B．impression C．expression D．appointment 解析　A　根据上文中的“I was awarded the Best Music Teacher of the Year”可知，作者的努力得到了认可。recognition“承认，认可”；impression“印象”；expression“表达”；appointment“任命，约定”。故选A。 14．A.already B．again C．still D．also 解析　C　根据语境可知，三年过去了，作者仍然在Wilcannia教书。still“仍然，依旧”。故选C。 15．A.timely B．typical C．correct D．heartfelt 解析　D　根据上文可知作者与学生们建立了良好的关系和自己的工作得到了认可可以推断，“Another year”是作者对还会执教多久真诚的答复。timely“及时的，适时的”；typical“典型的，有代表性的”；heartfelt“衷心的，真诚的”。故选D。 B级　写作规范练 Ⅰ.语法填空 (2023·日照校际联考)Do you know Dunhuang？Dunhuang is home to the Mogao Grottoes, 1.________ UNESCO World Heritage Site，elements of which are 2.________ display in an ongoing exhibition at the National Base for International Cultural Trade in Beijing. Painted sculptures and other splendid items of cultural heritage have been reproduced，while the caves 3.________ are now closed have been reproduced in digital form. The exhibition area, 4.________ (cover)some 1，600 square meters，features the results of research on nearly 50 sets of cultural relics from the Dunhuang Academy. 5.________ the real grotto in Dunhuang is no longer open to the public，the digitally 6.________ (restore)grotto can be preserved forever in the digital space. Opening in July，the exhibition will last for three years. It is the first time that the Dunhuang Academy 7.________ (hold)such a long exhibition in Beijing. By the end of 2021，the “digital Dunhuang project” had completed the digital 8.________ (collect)of 268 grottoes. Such projects have provided a means of preserving China's splendid cultural heritage for future generations，while making it more 9.________ (wide)available both at home and abroad. It is hoped that the “digital Dunhuang” will not only allow more audiences to experience the artistic charm of Dunhuang, 10.________ also promote exchanges between cultures along the Belt and Road under new historical conditions. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。敦煌是联合国教科文组织世界遗产莫高窟的所在地，北京国家对外文化贸易基地正举办一场关于莫高窟元素的展览。 1．解析　a　考查冠词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，UNESCO World Heritage Site和the Mogao Grottoes构成同位语，空处填入不定冠词表泛指，即“一处联合国教科文组织世界遗产地”，且UNESCO的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 2．解析　on　考查介词。on display“展出”，是固定搭配。故填on。 3．解析　that/which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为caves，且所填词在从句中作主语，故填that/which。 4．解析　covering　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处需用非谓语动词作定语，cover与主语the exhibition area为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填covering。 5．解析　Although/Though/While　考查连词。此处是说尽管真正的石窟不再向公众开放，但经过数字修复的石窟在数字空间中可以永远保存下来。空处引导让步状语从句，且空处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Although/Though/While。 6．解析　restored　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处是非谓语动词作定语修饰grotto，restore与grotto是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填restored。 7．解析　has held　考查动词的时态和语态。句意：这是敦煌研究院第一次在北京举办这么长时间的展览。在“It is the first/second/third/...time＋从句”结构中，从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时；又因the Dunhuang Academy为第三人称单数，故填has held。 8．解析　collection　考查词形转换。空处作had completed的宾语，应用其名词形式，且此处特指268个石窟的数字采集。故填collection。 9．解析　widely　考查词形转换。空处修饰形容词available，应用副词widely。 10．解析　but　考查连词。not only...but also...“不但……而且……”，是固定用法。故填but。 Ⅱ.应用文写作 (2023·湖南高三联考)将在大熊猫基地举办的国际交流活动正在招募志愿者。假定你是李华，请你给组委会的李女士写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1．自我介绍并提出申请； 2．个人优势； 3．表达希望。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ One possible version： Dear Miss Li， I am Li Hua, an 18­year­old girl. I'm writing to apply to become a volunteer in International exchange activities to be held at the Giant panda base. I do believe I'm an ideal candidate. With an outgoing and cheerful personality, I can get along very well with people. What's more, with a good command of English, I can communicate freely with foreigners. Most importantly, I know a lot about pandas because my father work as a zookeeper who looks after pandas. I'm eager to appeal to all the people loving pandas. I sincerely hope I will be given such a good chance. Looking forward to your reply. Best regards! Li Hua Ⅲ.读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (2024·潍坊模拟)On Black Friday，the busiest shopping day of the year，I went for breakfast in downtown Little Rock. Even at 8 a．m.there was a waiting line at the cafe.Customers stood in groups，chatting and rubbing their cold hands together，waiting to share a hot breakfast and more conversation before pouring into the stores for bargains.I could feel the cheery excitement of the holidays，but it was tied with the usual stress that spoilt the season with layers of anxiety and tiredness. Finally，I was seated by a large window.I noticed that it had begun to rain lightly outside. “Oh，no，”I complained. “I'm going to be dashing around in the rain.Shopping will be messy today！”I heard others complaining，too. Then，out of the corner of my eye，I noticed an elderly man on the other side of the window，making his way carefully down the sidewalk.He was carrying a black umbrella in his left hand，sheltering himself from the rain，and balancing several brooms (扫帚) on his right shoulder. Beneath a thin gray coat，he was dressed in brown pants. A striped ski cap protected his head and thick glasses covered his eyes.As I watched，he smiled and stepped politely aside to allow a couple to rush by. “Who's that？”I asked the waitress. “That's Melvin. He's been walking these streets for years and years.I've heard he put several orphans through college by selling those brooms.He's almost blind and in his seventies，but he keeps on working. I don't know how he does it.Everybody buys brooms from him. He lives a poor life but he is a wonderful person.People here have always been good to him.” Suddenly I was curious.This dear man could hardly see.Selling brooms on the streets could not earn good money.Melvin was the one who needed help！“So how does he help people？”I asked frankly. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Just then Melvin walked slowly into the restaurant. ______________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ We chatted over the breakfast. _______________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ One possible version： Just then Melvin walked slowly into the restaurant. Waiting customers smiled and cleared the way for him. A few shook his hand. Others patted his shoulder as he moved quietly from table to table，smiling and asking，“Do you need a broom today？”Several frequenters bought from him and rose to pile their new brooms near the doorway. He gestured toward his brooms by the door，“I'm grateful for what you did for me.” At the scene，I was deeply touched by this man and his story. I ordered him a breakfast and asked him to sit next to me. We chatted over the breakfast. From our interactions，I learned that he always chose the path of gratitude and service，even though there was much he could have complained about，not like the rest of us...well，at least me，who complained just because we had to go shopping in the rain.He also shared that he was earning nearly enough to fund another orphan through college and that he was doing his bit to make the world better. He really made me feel humbled，and it was then that I decided to be intentionally positive and become a better person. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$