选择性必修第三册 UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION（word练习）-【导学教程】2025年英语新编高考大一轮总复习（人教版）

[对应学生用书P583] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·长沙长郡中学二模)This 3­mile stretch of sand and tide pools beneath a castle of 80­foot cliffs is a California tourism poster if there ever was one. Nothing disturbs the perfect，sunny view，except—once you're aware of them—microplastic particles (颗粒). But you have to look close—on­your­hands­and­knees close—to see one. And once you do，you see another and another—so many that you may not think of this，or any beach，the same way again. These tiny preproduction plastic balls that manufacturers (生产商) melt down to form everything have been escaping factories，container ships，trains，trucks—and public notice—for decades. The 2­ to 3­millimeter，multicolored balls are a subset (子集) of microplastic—plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in size. Microplastic particles accumulate where water takes them，and they've been found on shorelines of every continent. Dr McReynolds is an environmental scientist who's now joined a global movement studying their trail into the environment. Establishing a baseline count of the presence of microplastic particles—and，more broadly，any microplastics—is the focus of Dr McReynolds' scientific study here. Charting the count，noting tide，current，and weather conditions will show if amounts are increasing，and perhaps at what rate and why. That knowledge，he says，can inform solutions to plastic pollution such as regulation of their use. “What are you doing? Picking up trash？” asks a steady stream of beach walkers whenever Dr McReynolds' crew walks onto the beach and sets up equipment. These are teachable moments for Dr McReynolds. One recent morning he told some beach walkers how microplastic particles are believed to absorb toxic chemicals，and—because they resemble fish eggs—are eaten by fish and birds and enter the food chain. Almost right on time，a seagull hopped up to a plastic­coated photo of microplastic particles and hungrily pecked (啄食) at it. Will his work help save the world? Dr McReynolds waves a finger at that idea，“I won't ever use that word—I won't save the world from this pollution problem. Preserve it，yes. We want to take care of it.” [语篇解读]　说明文。本文主要介绍了一位环境科学家研究微塑料颗粒在海滩上造成塑料污染问题的情况。 1．What do we know about microplastic particles from paragraph 1? A．They are too small to be seen. B．They have been ignored for long. C．They are products of plastic balls. D．They can be made into almost everything. 解析　B　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“These tiny preproduction plastic balls that manufacturers (生产商) melt down to form everything have been escaping factories，container ships，trains，trucks—and public notice—for decades.”可推知，人们长期以来一直忽视这种微塑料颗粒的存在，故选B。 2．What does Dr McReynolds focus on in his study? A．Classifying plastic particles into subsets. B．Finding solutions to plastic pollution. C．Charting the tides and currents of oceans. D．Creating a data collection for microplastics. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Establishing a baseline count of the presence of microplastic particles—and，more broadly，any microplastics—is the focus of Dr McReynolds' scientific study here.”可知，在研究中，他主要是建立一个微塑料颗粒存在的基线计数，这是他的研究重点。 3．What does a seagull's pecking at the picture prove? A．The interesting teachable moments. B．The spread of poisonous chemicals. C．The harmful effect of microplastic particles. D．The beauty of the photo of microplastic particles. 解析　C　推理判断题。根据第五段可知，塑料微粒会吸收有毒化学物质，被鱼或鸟吃掉，然后进入食物链，当他正在讲解这种微塑料的危害的时候，正好一只海鸥飞向照片，并且用嘴啄起来，这说明了这种微塑料的危害性。 4．What does Dr McReynolds expect of his work? A．To save the world. B．To protect the earth. C．To educate the public. D．To provide solutions. 解析　B　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Will his work help save the world? Dr McReynolds waves a finger at that idea，‘I won't ever use that word—I won't save the world from this pollution problem. Preserve it，yes. We want to take care of it.’”可知，这位科学家希望能够保护地球，故选B。 B (2024·石家庄质量检测)While the rest of us are sleeping，freshwater turtles (龟) from Central America to Asia are getting out of the water and basking at night. There have been reports of this behavior before，but now a new study is the first to document the widespread occurrence. The findings suggest this may be a common and almost entirely overlooked aspect of many species' ecology. Dr. Donald T．McKnight，one of the researchers，said he and a colleague first observed freshwater turtles night basking at the Ross River in Townsville，Australia.“We think it's related to temperature. The water is staying so warm at night that it's actually warmer than the turtles like it to be and they can cool down by coming out of the water，”says McKnight. For the study，researchers put cameras to watch the night activity of as many freshwater turtle species as possible. The cameras were set up in 25 locations. They were programmed to take a photo every two minutes. They collected data on 29 species of freshwater turtles. It would be lovely to think the turtles are just enjoying some leisure time when things are quiet. But the researchers noted that in most cases，the turtles got out of water when the water was too warm and the air was cooler. Given the warming planet，that's admittedly a bit depressing. However，not all of the nighttime baskers were escaping too­warm water. According to the study，turtles in India exhibited more basking on cooler nights，rather than warmer nights，and those in Africa spent more time basking at night in winter than in summer.The reasons for these differences are unclear.It may be that at some sites or seasons，turtles are escaping unfavourably warm water temperatures，while at others，they are taking advantage of the warm air to increase their body temperature and escape unfavourably cold water. Regardless of the“why”behind different species' reasons for midnight basking，it's a fascinating look at behaviors not previously documented by scientists. And it is at least encouraging to know that turtles are figuring out important behaviors tied to climate change. [语篇解读]　说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现淡水龟进行月光浴是因为水温变化。 5．Why do the freshwater turtles from Australia get out of water at night? A．To search for extra food. B．To avoid natural enemies. C．To cool themselves down. D．To enjoy the quietness outside. 解析　C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“We think it's related to temperature...coming out of the water”可知，澳大利亚的淡水龟进行月光浴与温度有关，晚上的水非常温暖，实际上比淡水龟喜欢的要暖和，它们可以从水中出来降温，即澳大利亚的淡水龟晚上游出水是为了给自己降温，故选C。 6．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．How the study was conducted. B．What the study brought about. C．Why the study was carried out. D．Where the study was made. 解析　A　主旨大意题。第三段提到在这项研究中，研究人员安装了摄像机以观察尽可能多的淡水龟物种的夜间活动，摄像机被设置在25个地点并被设定为每两分钟拍一张照片，共收集了29种淡水龟的数据。由此可知，本段主要介绍了该项研究是如何进行的，故选A。 7．Which of the following are the researchers certain about? A．Turtles in Africa flee water often on summer nights. B．The water is unfavorable for turtles to survive in India. C．The reasons for turtles' different behaviors are obvious. D．Night basking is caused by the change of water temperature. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“But the researchers noted that in most cases，the turtles got out of water when the water was too warm and the air was cooler”可知，研究人员注意到，在大多数情况下龟是在水温过高、空气较冷的时候出水的。由此可知，研究人员能够确定的是月光浴是由水温的变化引起的，故选D。 8．How does the author feel about the finding? A．Skeptical. B．Positive. C．Surprised. D．Desperate. 解析　B　观点态度题。根据最后一段可知，不管不同物种午夜月光浴背后的原因是什么，这是对科学家以前没有记录的行为的一个有趣观察。知道龟正在想出与气候变化有关的重要行为至少是令人鼓舞的。由此可推知，作者对研究的发现持积极态度，故选B。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2023·潍坊三模) The Language of Flowers Ding dong! I looked up from the couch. Who in the world could that be? My body was troubled with illness，so I'd __1__myself away. Friends telephoned，texted，emailed and sent cards. I didn't __2__，thinking that I had nothing to offer anyone in the miserable condition I was in. I __3__got up and opened the door to a flower delivery. As I put the flowers on my dining table，I was struck by its __4__. It was comprised of solitary blossoms of many varieties that shouldn't really __5__yet somehow did. The mystery flowers had come in a blue jar，without a card. Instead of returning to the couch，I __6__ the florist. He told me some of my friends were behind the __7__，secretly. “They wanted to get a __8__to you，” he said，“through the language of flowers.” The group had followed him and picked very __9__stems after consulting an old book. “I learned some things，” the florist said，then __10__： “The red carnation (康乃馨) meant ‘Our hearts ache for you’. The yellow tulip (郁金香) wanted to see __11__in my smile again. The pink carnation had a few __12__words to say about never forgetting me.” The more I understood what the flowers were __13__，the more I started to remember the woman who might have __14__them before I separated myself from everyone and everything. My friends knew I was still that woman，with __15__beyond my health. [语篇解读]　记叙文。讲述了作者因为疾病而开始隐藏自己，疏远朋友，而朋友们通过快递花朵，通过花的语言，让作者重新振作起来。 1．A.hidden B．given C．driven D．broken 解析　A　根据后文“I didn't __2__，thinking that I had nothing to offer anyone in the miserable condition I was in.”可知，作者认为自己没有什么可以提供给别人的，再加上“My body was troubled with illness”受到疾病困扰，所以是把自己隐藏起来了。 2．A.forbid B．accept C．act D．respond 解析　D　根据前文“My body was troubled with illness，so I'd __1__myself away. Friends telephoned，texted，emailed and sent cards.”可知，作者把自己隐藏起来，所以朋友们打电话、发短信、发邮件、寄贺卡，他都没有回应。 3．A.cautiously B．reluctantly C．instantly D．cheerfully 解析　B　根据前文“Friends telephoned，texted，emailed and sent cards. I didn't __2__，thinking that I had nothing to offer anyone in the miserable condition I was in.”可知，朋友们打电话、发短信、发邮件、寄贺卡，他都没有回应，作者不想被打扰，所以是不情愿地站起来。 4．A.size B．style C．uniqueness D．shape 解析　C　根据后文“It was comprised of solitary blossoms of many varieties that shouldn't really __5__yet somehow did.”可知，这些花由许多品种的单独的花朵组成的，这些花朵本来不应该在一起，所以作者是被它的独特性打动了。 5．A.go together B．stand out C．mix up D．fade away 解析　A　根据前文“It was comprised of solitary blossoms of many varieties”可知，这些花由许多品种的单独的花朵组成的，它们本来不应该在一起。 6．A.informed B．thanked C．rewarded D．telephoned 解析　D　根据后文“He told me some of my friends were behind...”可知，作者是在和花店对话，所以是给花店打电话。 7．A.delivery B．program C．mystery D．scene 解析　A　根据前文“I __3__got up and opened the door to a flower delivery.”可知，这是一次送花快递。 8．A.companion B．message C．commitment D．gift 解析　B　根据后文“through the language of flowers”可知，通过花的语言，传递的是信息。 9．A.expensive B．rare C．specific D．fresh 解析　C　根据后文“The red carnation (康乃馨) meant ‘Our hearts ache for you’. The yellow tulip...”可知，朋友挑选的都是具体的花。 10．A.explained B．clarified C．defined D．analyzed 解析　A　根据后文“The red carnation (康乃馨) meant ‘Our hearts ache for you’. The yellow tulip...”可知，是花店的人在向作者解释花语。 11．A.pain B．fortune C．sympathy D．sunshine 解析　D　根据前文“The yellow tulip (郁金香)”结合选项，黄色的郁金香应是看成阳光，符合实际。 12．A.modest B．tolerant C．formal D．meaningful 解析　D　根据后文“never forgetting me”可知，是意味深长的。 13．A.involving B．saying C．smelling D．signing 解析　B　根据前文“through the language of flowers.”可知，花有语言，所以是花在说什么。 14．A.advocated B．confirmed C．required D．earned 解析　D　根据后文“My friends knew I was still that woman”可知，女人说的是作者自己，以及前文朋友送的花，所以表达的意思，朋友们认为作者可以赢得那些花。 15．A.ambition B．value C．curiosity D．fantasy 解析　B　根据前文“My friends knew I was still that woman”，可知，作者的朋友认为作者还是一个坚强的人，作者的价值不是疾病所能衡量的。 Ⅲ.语法填空 International Chinese Language Day 1.______ (fall) on April 20，and this year a series of celebrations，themed Together for the Future，were held by three different organizations at home and abroad 2.________ (successful). Officials from the organizations attended the event and delivered speeches，in which Chinese and foreign cooperation 3.________ (praise) to have contributed to the rapid and fruitful development of Chinese language education around the world. The Chinese language left the impression of having built a 4.________ (culture) bridge that promoted the exchange of cooperation between China and the world，as well as the global peace and development. During the celebration，experts and scholars vividly interpreted the beauty of Chinese culture from three aspects: Chinese characters，Chinese painting，and traditional Chinese medicine，5.________ the attenders said greatly impressed them. Professor Yue Qi remarked on the concept of “If Chinese characters could speak”，and proposed that more Chinese stories could be discovered，spread，heard and 6.________ (understand) through Chinese characters. Director Liu Hong also presented a documentary 7.________ (feature) Chinese characters. Professor Yang Lei and Zhang Liang discussed Chinese poetry and painting while Dai Jingang exposed the audience to the charm of traditional Chinese medicine and the 8.________ (wise) of health preservation. The event aims to express support 9.________ international Chinese education，and to reveal the charm of Chinese language and culture，while enhancing the cooperation between the Chinese and foreign education partners to eventually build 10.________ bright future together. [语篇解读]　新闻报道。文章报道了“国际中文语言日”的历史和目的，以及今年庆祝活动的主题和内容。 1．解析　falls　句意：4月20日是国际汉语日，今年，国内外三个不同的组织成功举办了一系列以“携手共创未来”为主题的庆祝活动。分析句子可知，fall(发生)是句中谓语动词，与主语International Chinese Language Day之间是主动关系，陈述客观事实用一般现在时态，故填falls。 2．解析　successfully　句意：4月20日是国际汉语日，今年，国内外三个不同的组织成功举办了一系列以“携手共创未来”为主题的庆祝活动。提示词修饰动词were held，用副词作状语，故填successfully。 3．解析　was praised　句意：各组织负责人出席活动并发表讲话，赞扬中外合作为世界汉语教育的快速、富有成效的发展作出了贡献。分析句子可知，praise是定语从句中谓语动词，与主语Chinese and foreign cooperation之间是被动关系，故填was praised。 4．解析　cultural　句意：汉语给人的印象是，它架起了一座促进中国与世界交流合作、促进世界和平与发展的文化桥梁。提示词作定语，修饰名词bridge, 故填cultural。 5．解析　which　句意：在庆祝活动中，专家学者们从汉字、中国画和中医三个方面生动地诠释了中国文化之美，与会者表示，这给他们留下了深刻的印象。分析句子可知，空格处单词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Chinese characters，Chinese painting，and traditional Chinese medicine，故填which。 6．解析　understood　句意：岳琦教授阐述了“如果汉字会说话”的概念，并提出通过汉字可以发现、传播、听到和理解更多的中国故事。提示词与过去分词discovered，spread和heard是并列关系，也用过去分词形式understood，与助动词be构成被动语态，作宾语从句中谓语动词。故填understood。 7．解析　featuring　句意：导演刘宏还展示了一部以汉字为主题的纪录片。分析句子可知，“(feature) Chinese characters”作后置定语修饰名词documentary，feature(以……为主题)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语documentary之间是主动关系，故填featuring。 8．解析　wisdom　句意：杨磊教授和张亮教授讨论了中国的诗词和绘画，戴金刚教授则向观众展示了中医的魅力和养生的智慧。根据空格前定冠词the和空格后作定语的介词短语of health preservation可知，应用名词作宾语，故填wisdom。 9．解析　for　句意：此次活动旨在表达对国际汉语教育的支持，展示中国语言和文化的魅力，同时加强中外教育合作伙伴之间的合作，共同创造美好的未来。名词support常与介词for连用，表示“对……的支持”。 10．解析　a　句意：此次活动旨在表达对国际汉语教育的支持，展示中国语言和文化的魅力，同时加强中外教育合作伙伴之间的合作，共同创造美好的未来。可数名词future在句中表示“一个(美好的)未来”，泛指，bright发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 Ⅳ.应用文写作 假定你是李华，你针对“海洋保护”这一话题在同学们中做了一个调查。请你写一篇调查报告给《中学生英语报》投稿。内容包括： 1．不同认识； 2．个人感触； 3．发出呼吁。 注意：1.写作词数应为 80左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 Last week，I carried out a survey about students' attitude toward marine protection among my schoolmates. Most of them attached great importance to protecting the ocean. However，there were also a few students thinking they can do nothing to help for they live so far away from the ocean. Through this，I realized that we should tell people what to do in our daily life，letting them know individuals can also help in the daily life.As long as we try our best，we will make a difference to the marine environment. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$