选择性必修第一册 UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT（word练习）-【导学教程】2025年英语新编高考大一轮总复习（人教版）

[对应学生用书P547] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·衡水一模)Alena Analeigh Wicker had an incredibly impressive list of accomplishments.She studied biological sciences at two separate universities.She is a former NASA intern and went to a medical school.At the young age of 13，she was well on her way to achieving her dreams and ambitions. She also supplied support to other young girls like her，who were interested in science and technology，and hoped that her story would serve as a source of inspiration. Alena's mother，McQuarter，claimed that her daughter had always been exceptional and superior.She offered to be educated at home. So McQuarter homeschooled Alena during elementary school.Even after Alena returned to school in the fifith grade，she continued studying high school subjects based on a course carefully designed by her mother. “I was bored，” Alena explains. “The high school work was so easy for me that I ended up graduating from high school when I was 12. I love school; I love learning; I love reading. I have a desire to learn，and that has just always been me.” After graduation，Alena went to two separate universities，earning degrees in biological sciences from both Arizona State University and Oakwood University. And while studying for the accelerated degrees，Alena started the Brown STEM Girl Foundation，in honor of Katherine Johnson，who had been a pioneering Africa­American mathematician at NASA. The Foundation's target is to engage and educate girls in Science，Technology，Engineering，and Mathematics (STEM). Alena has promoted her foundation online，“It feels amazing to be able to create a path for girls that look like me.” Alena shares her tips. She says，“It doesn't matter how old you are. You can do it. Don't let anybody tell you no. I would say to any little girl out there that's reading this：Never give up on yourself and never let anyone tell you that you can't do something.” [语篇解读]　记叙文。文章主要讲述了Alena Analeigh的学习历程以及她创建女子基金会的故事。 1．What do we know about McQuarter? A．She took great pride in Alena. B．She advised Alena to study at home. C．She ensured Alena studied at school until 12. D．She forced Alena to learn high school subjects. 解析　A　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，McQuarter引以为豪的是她的女儿Alena一直都是出类拔萃的。 2．What is the goal of the Brown STEM Girl Foundation? A．To educate girls to go to college. B．To expose girls to the scientific field. C．To promote the development of science. D．To inspire girls to become members of NASA. 解析　B　推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知，the Brown STEM Girl Foundation的目标是在科学领域吸引和教育女孩。 3．Why does the author mention Alena's words in the last paragraph? A．To offer an apology. B．To make a request. C．To make a suggestion. D．To offer an invitation. 解析　C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者提到Alena的话是为了给女孩们一些建议。 4．Which words can best describe Alena? A．Honest and daring. B．Modest and generous. C．Talented and good­looking. D．Promising and caring. 解析　D　推理判断题。根据第一段第四句中的“achieving her dreams and ambitions”可知，Alena是有前途的；再根据第一段最后一句中的“She also supplied support to other young girls like her”可知，Alena是关爱他人的。 B (2024·石家庄一调)Could a new treatment developed by the US company Lilly mean “the beginning of the end” of Alzheimer's? Could we even cure it some day? These are headlines and questions swirling (流传) around after news of a new drug，called donanemab，showed promising results in phase­3 trials. The brain science behind Alzheimer's is complex，but CT and MRJ scans suggest that poisonous changes occur in the brain，including the abnormal build­up of proteins called amyloid plaques and tau tangles. The damage starts in the parts of the brain essential for forming memories but then spreads throughout the organ，with brain tissue shrinking significantly. Developing treatments for Alzheimer's has been a challenge，with almost 20 years passing with no new drugs. But in the last year，two new ones have emerged: donanemab and lecanemab. Neither are cures or magic bullets for the disease，but they do address key symptoms. They target the amyloid proteins that can accumulate in the brain and damage neurons，slowing down its progression. While this news is exciting，there are major caveats. One is whether it will ever become available on the NHS. The cost is estimated to be about ￡20，000 per person per year of treatment. Another is the serious side effects: in the study，brain swelling occurred in 24% of participants and brain bleeding occurred in 31.4% on the drug compared with 13.6% in the placebo (安慰剂) group. There were also three deaths during the trial. Part of the problem for me，as an academic，in assessing the drug is that the full results of the trial haven't yet been shared publicly or published in a peer­review journal. We cannot access the full data or examine the trial yet，and there is always a motivation for private companies to overstate the effectiveness of new drugs. Trial results need to be assessed by an independent body of experts. While it is unlikely to change clinical practice until at least 2025，the news of donanemab is again an indication that science is continuing to make progress when it comes to treating the major causes of illness and death，even one related to the highly complex inner workings of the brain. So，there are caveats and the need for caution，but these new drugs are indeed the grounds for that rare thing these days: hope. [语篇解读]　说明文。文章介绍了一种名为donanemab的新药在三期临床试验中显示有一定疗效，给阿尔茨海默氏病患者带来了希望。 5．What can we learn about Alzheimer's from the passage? A．There exists a new drug to cure it completely. B．Most people will develop Alzheimer's when they are old. C．It is caused by the accumulation of some proteins in the brain. D．It results from the loss of memories as people get older. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第二段以及第三段最后一句“...proteins that can accumulate in the brain...” 可知，大脑中某些蛋白质的积累引起了阿尔茨海默氏病。 6．What does the underlined word “caveats” mean in paragraph 4? A．Warnings. B．Discussions. C．Debates. D．Weaknesses. 解析　A　词义猜测题。根据下文中的“One is...Another is...”可知，有一些重要的注意事项，因此caveats与warnings意义相近。 7．What is the problem of the new drug according to the author as an academic? A．It has serious side effects such as brain bleeding and deaths. B．The effectiveness may be blown up without fair assessment. C．The cost of the new drug is out of reach for ordinary people. D．There is no possibility for new drugs to be admitted into the NHS. 解析　B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“...there is always a motivation for private companies to overstate the effectiveness of new drugs. Trial results need to be assessed by an independent body of experts.”可知，药物的疗效有可能被夸大。 8．What is the author's attitude towards the new drug? A．Approving. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. D．Indifferent. 解析　A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“but these new drugs are indeed the grounds for that rare thing these days: hope”可知，作者对这种药持赞同的态度。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·九省联考)I was halfway across Indiana headed home to Kentucky when my car broke down. My phone was__1__，too. I managed to get to a gas station，but it was Sunday in the early fall，and there was no __2__ on duty. I was working my way through university then and had little money for __3__ the car. I sat alongside my car for several hours trying to__4__ the heat when an older gentleman __5__ to fuel his car.　He asked about my car，and I __6__ my predicament (困境). To my __7__，the gentleman told me that he had a daughter my age，and then he opened his trunk and __8__ a tool set. Right then and there，this total__9__ examined my engine，explaining as he worked that my spark plugs (火花塞) hadn't been changed for so long that they were __10__ to function.After about an hour，he __11__ that my car was safe to finish the trip. __12__ came at the hands of a stranger. __13__ his clothes，working on a hot September afternoon，this man __14__ a college student from disaster，just because she could have been his __15__． [语篇解读]　记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的车在半路坏了，并且没有找到修车的人。这时恰巧有一位年长的绅士来加油。了解到作者遇到的困难后，他主动帮助作者修车。作者对此非常的感谢。 1．A.busy B．loud C．dead D．secure 解析　C　考查形容词词义辨析。根据上文“I was halfway across Indiana headed home to Kentucky when my car broke down.”以及句中的too可知，作者的车坏了，手机也因为没电而关机了。故选C。 2．A.mechanic B．policeman C．manager D．guide 解析　A　考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“but it was Sunday in the early fall”可知，作者的车坏了，所以她应该去找机修工。但是因为是周日，所以加油站的机修工都没上班。故选A。 3．A.washing B．parking C．purchasing D．maintaining 解析　D　考查动词词义辨析。根据空前“I was working my way through university then and had little money”可知，作者当时正在读大学，没有什么钱，所以几乎是不保养车的。故选D。 4．A.feel B．beat C．absorb D．produce 解析　B　考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“working on a hot September afternoon”可知，事情发生在一个炎热的夏天，作者坐在车边试图保持凉爽。beat the heat“消暑，在炎热的天气中保持凉爽”。故选B。 5．A.promised B．refused C．stopped D．volunteered 解析　C　考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“I managed to get to a gas station”可知，作者是在加油站，所以有一辆车停下来加油。故选C。 6．A.solved B．noticed C．escaped D．explained 解析　D　考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“He asked about my car”可知，这位绅士询问作者的车出了什么问题，然后作者向他解释了她的困境。故选D。 7．A.surprise B．regret C．amusement D．disappointment 解析　A　考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“the gentleman told me that he had a daughter my age，and then he opened his trunk and ________ a tool set”可知，这位年长的绅士听到作者的困难后，准备帮助作者。这让作为陌生人的作者感到非常的惊讶。故选A。 8．A.called up B．pulled out C．put down D．threw away 解析　B　考查动词短语辨析。根据空后“a tool set”以及下文“Right then and there，this total ________ examined my engine，explaining as he worked that my spark plugs (火花塞) hadn't been changed for so long that they were ________ to function.”可知，这位绅士从他的车里拿出一套工具，帮作者修车。故选B。 9．A.liar B．beginner C．stranger D．loser 解析　C　考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“I sat alongside my car for several hours trying to ________ the heat when an older gentleman ________ to fuel his car”以及全文语境可知，这个绅士对于作者来说完全是个陌生人。故选C。 10．A.free B．ready C．uncertain D．unable 解析　D　考查形容词词义辨析。根据上文“as he worked that my spark plugs (火花塞) hadn't been changed for so long ”可知，由于汽车的火花塞已经很久没有更换了，所以导致它不能正常工作。故选D。 11．A.pronounced B．agreed C．discovered D．doubted 解析　A　考查动词词义辨析。根据空后“that my car was safe to finish the trip”可知，经过一个小时的修理后，那个绅士宣布车可以安全地完成旅程。故选A。 12．A.Tiredness B．Kindness C．Loneliness D．Carefulness 解析　B　考查名词词义辨析。根据全文语境可知，一位陌生人帮助了作者，所以此处指善意来自一个陌生人。故选B。 13．A.Folding B．Drying C．Soiling D．Mending 解析　C　考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“After about an hour，he ________ that my car was safe to finish the trip”可知，那位绅士给作者修了一个小时的车。此处指修车时弄脏了自己的衣服。故选C。 14．A.saved B．called C．judged D．banned 解析　A　考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“Right then and there，this total ________ examined my engine，explaining as he worked that my spark plugs (火花塞) hadn't been changed for so long that they were ________ to function.”可知，这个陌生人给作者修了车，所以作者觉得他就像是从灾难中救了她。故选A。 15．A.friend B．daughter C．coworker D．customer 解析　B　考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“the gentleman told me that he had a daughter my age”可知，作者觉那位绅士帮助作者是因为他有一个和她同龄的女儿。此处指作者就像那位男士的女儿。故选B。 Ⅲ.语法填空 There were a great variety of lamps in ancient China. The Changxin Palace Lamp is 1.________ invaluable treasure，which is considered as “the first lamp of China”. The gold­plated bronze lamp takes the shape of a maid on her knees 2.________ (hold) a lamp. The lamp plate is on her left hand，while the right hand，covered by her sleeve，3.________ (carry) the lampshade. The brightness of the lamp and direction of the light can be adjusted with a handle which controls two movable shades. 4.________ (amaze)，the lamp makes use of the siphon principle (虹吸原理)，with the ash flowing through the maid's right arm into her body 5.______ the water is stored. Such design can reduce dust and prevent the lamp from polluting the indoor air. Apart from that，the six­component lamp can all be taken apart，and is easy 6.________ (clean). The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Flame Lantern 7.________ (inspire) by the Changxin Palace Lamp. It uses transparent double glass and a hidden channel to reduce carbon deposition (沉积物)，which is a perfect 8.________ (combine) of green initiative and the Olympic spirit. The delicate Changxin Palace Lamp provided an insight 9.________ China's glorious past，displaying the wisdom of ancient Chinese craftsmen，as well as China's 10.________ (remark) achievements in science and technology 2，000 years ago. The sculpture，vivid and elegant beauty work，still glitters now. [语篇解读]　说明文。文章介绍了西汉时期出土的一个文物：长信宫灯。 1．解析　an　句意：长信宫灯是一件无价之宝，被认为是“中国第一盏灯”。表示“一件无价之宝”，invaluable首字母的发音为元音音素。 2．解析　holding　句意：镀金的青铜灯的形状是一个跪在地上拿着灯的女仆。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词，hold与a maid在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词。 3．解析　carries　句意：灯盘戴在她的左手上，而被袖子遮住的右手则拿着灯罩。本句在陈述事实，为一般现在时，主语为the right hand，谓语为carries。 4．解析　Amazingly　句意：令人惊讶的是，这盏灯利用了虹吸原理，烟灰通过女仆的右臂流入她的身体，那里储存着水。副词作状语，修饰整个句子，故填Amazingly。 5．解析　where　句意：令人惊讶的是，这盏灯利用了虹吸原理，烟灰通过女仆的右臂流入她的身体，那里储存着水。先行词为body，在定语从句中作地点状语，关系副词为where。 6．解析　to clean　句意：除此之外，六组分灯都可以拆卸，并且易于清洁。be easy to do sth“容易做某事”。 7．解析　was inspired/is inspired　句意：2022年北京冬奥会火灯的设计灵感来自长信宫灯。主语The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Flame Lantern与谓语为被动关系，可以表示陈述现在的事实，也可以陈述过去的事实，所以本句为一般现在的被动语态或者一般过去时的被动语态。 8．解析　combination　句意：它采用透明的双层玻璃和隐藏通道，减少碳沉积，是绿色倡议和奥林匹克精神的完美结合。a后接名词作表语。 9．解析　into　句意：精致的长信宫灯让我们了解了中国辉煌的过去，展示了中国古代工匠的智慧，以及2 000年前中国在科学技术方面取得的卓越成就。provide an insight into“对……很好的了解”为固定短语。 10．解析　remarkable　句意：精致的长信宫灯让我们了解了中国辉煌的过去，展示了中国古代工匠的智慧，以及2 000年前中国在科学技术方面取得的卓越成就。形容词remarkable修饰名词。 Ⅳ.应用文写作 假定你是李华，受校英文报约稿，请你写一篇介绍某位名人的英语短文，刊登在校英文报People专栏，内容包括： 1．该人物的生平； 2．他的主要事迹； 3．你的评价。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 Yuan Longping，known as the “father of hybrid rice”，is one of China's most famous scientists. Yuan Longping was born in September 1930 and died in 2021，aged 91.He cultivated the world's first high­yielding hybrid rice，which has helped feed nearly one­fifth of the world's population. After fighting China's food shortages，he turned his attention to a much bigger challenge，solving world hunger. Since the 1980s，Yuan's team has offered training courses in dozens of countries in Africa，the Americas and Asia，providing a huge food source in areas with high risks of famine. Yuan Longping's legacy is not only the progress of hybrid rice—his curiosity，devotion，courage，perseverance，diligence，cooperation and selflessness have left an indelible spiritual wealth to us all. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$