必修第二册 UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS（word练习）-【导学教程】2025年英语新编高考大一轮总复习（人教版）

[对应学生用书P526] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Overlooking the Davis­Gant Varsity Soccer Field，a bed of overturned soil waits for further development. In a few years，this area will become a natural habitat and a playground for animals and residents. This peaceful area didn't appear naturally，but through planning and action taken by Catlin Gabel's Tiny Forest project launched by teacher Patrick Walsh. Forests typically take hundreds of years to mature，with four stages of growth. “Tiny forests flatten out time through the planting of all four layers (层)，” Walsh explained. The end result is a fast­growing，native forest in about 20 years. Over 600 plants from 43 species will be planted in the tiny forest，the first one in Oregon. Walsh was inspired to build a tiny forest after hearing about this idea，which emerged in Japan and has taken hold in North America. He shared his vision with seniors in his class. The seniors researched tiny forests and made a proposal resulting in Clean Water Services donating 60 trees and $5，000 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Armed with these resources，Walsh and the students started working. “Something I didn't really expect was the outpouring of students' enthusiasm. Seeing students from all grades volunteered to contribute to the ‘dirty work’ really blew me away，” Walsh said. Senior Megan Cover has been at the school since the first grade. “I'll graduate after working on this project，which is surely sad，but it's really rewarding and great to be a part of this project and to do my bit. We're creating this educational space for many young kids，” she said. Walsh summed up his goal of the project，which is to build a place where students can enjoy and learn about nature. “The forest will obviously not solve climate change，but it would deserve the efforts if the kids think about climate change and remember the importance of reforestation and trees when they look outside at the forest.” [语篇解读]　记叙文。文章讲述了在老师Patrick Walsh的带领下，学校的学生合力种下了一片小森林，在若干年后，这个地区将成为动物和居民的自然栖息地和游乐场。 1．What is special about tiny forests? A．They originated in North America. B．They are usually planted in schools. C．They contain various types of trees. D．They become mature in a shorter time. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Forests typically take hundreds of years to mature，with four stages of growth. ‘Tiny forests flatten out time through the planting of all four layers (层)，’ Walsh explained. The end result is a fast­growing，native forest in about 20 years.”可知森林通常需要数百年才能成熟，但是小森林的生长时间大大缩短了，即他们在较短的时间内变得成熟。 2．What surprised Walsh in the process of planting the tiny forest? A．The abundance of native tree species. B．Public concern about the environment. C．The active participation of students. D．Support from local organizations. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“‘Something I didn't really expect was the outpouring of students' enthusiasm. Seeing students from all grades volunteered to contribute to the “dirty work” really blew me away，’ Walsh said.”可知Walsh 没有预料到学生们的热情会如此高，各个年级的学生都积极参与进来，这让他震惊。 3．How does Megan Cover feel about the project? A．Proud. B．Hopeful. C．Excited. D．Grateful. 解析　A　推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Senior Megan Cover has been at the school since the first grade. ‘I'll graduate after working on this project，which is surely sad，but it's really rewarding and great to be a part of this project and to do my bit. We're creating this educational space for many young kids，’ she said.”可知Megan Cover认为这是一件非常有意义和伟大的事情，由此可推断，她为自己能够参与到小森林项目中为孩子们创造一片具有教育意义的空间感到自豪。 4．What does Walsh want the forest to function as for the students? A．A source of enjoyment. B．A reminder. C．A source of inspiration. D．A witness. 解析　B　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“The forest will obviously not solve climate change，but it would deserve the efforts if the kids think about climate change and remember the importance of reforestation and trees when they look outside at the forest.”可知，Walsh认为如果孩子们看到小森林时能想到气候变化问题以及重新造林和树木的重要性，那他们付出的努力就值得；由此可推断，Walsh希望小森林能够对学生们起到提醒作用，故选B。 B (2024·青岛适应性检测)By 2050，68% of the global population will live in cities. That's 2.5 billion more people than today. In Europe，three out of four of us already live in urban areas，and the consequences of that are becoming clear. Researchers estimate that nine million people die every year as a direct result of air pollution. As our cities grow and more people move into already crowded spaces，what do we need to do to transform our urban areas into healthy places to live? An increasing body of research tells us that we should be letting nature back in. Green spaces in cities mitigate the effects of pollution and can reduce a phenomenon known as the urban heat island effect，which refers to heat trapped in built­up areas. The effect appears in towns and cities where the heat generated by people，transport and industry is trapped in the narrow roads and concrete structures，unable to escape to the atmosphere. This can bring the temperature in urban areas up 3—4°C higher than the surrounding countryside，and with that comes a severe cycle. Increased temperatures in summer lead to an increased demand for cooling. This expands our energy consumption，which in turn build up fossil fuel consumption，increasing pollutants in the air and harmful smog on our streets. Planning cities to include green spaces wherever possible is the first step in making our urban areas healthier. For example，adding a layer of vegetation to rooftops and creating green roofs has proven to reduce the urban heat island effect. Trees in our streets also play their part，and a variety of tree species can have a profound effect. Simply having access to green spaces in cities can do wonders for our stress levels and concentration at work. “People need to interact with nature whenever the opportunity arises. Something as simple as a five­to­ten­minute break during the workday can improve well­being and boost productivity，” Cecil，an expert studying nature in cities says. [语篇解读]　说明文。文章介绍了随着城市人口的急剧增加，城市的空气污染问题日益严重，因此有必要在城市中让自然回归，以改善城市的健康水平。同时，让自然回归可以提升居住者的幸福感和工作效率。 5．How does the author bring in the topic in paragraph 1? A．By presenting facts. B．By listing examples. C．By comparing numbers. D．By questioning an estimate. 解析　A　推理判断题。根据第一段中“By 2050，68% of the global population will live in cities. That's 2.5 billion more people than today. In Europe，three out of four of us already live in urban areas，and the consequences of that are becoming clear. Researchers estimate that nine million people die every year as a direct result of air pollution.”可知，作者先呈现了城市人口大幅增长，直接死于空气污染的人数量巨大的事实，然后引入了文章的话题。由此可知，作者通过展现事实的方式引入话题。 6．What does the underlined word “mitigate” mean in paragraph 2? A．Overcome. B．Change. C．Ease. D．Shift. 解析　C　词义猜测题。根据第一段最后两句和第二段第一句“Green spaces in cities mitigate the effects of pollution and can reduce a phenomenon known as the urban heat island effect，which refers to heat trapped in built­up areas.”可知，在城市中让自然回归有助于改善城市的健康，因此城市中的绿地应该是可以缓解污染和城市热岛效应。由此可知，mitigate意为“缓解，减轻”，故选C。 7．What might be a consequence of the urban heat island effect? A．Lower temperature. B．Energy regeneration. C．Fuel shortage. D．Air pollution. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据第二段中“This expands our energy consumption，which in turn build up fossil fuel consumption，increasing pollutants in the air and harmful smog on our streets.”可知，城市热岛效应会形成恶性循环，加重城市的空气污染。故选D。 8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．How to Let Nature Back In B．Why We Need Green Spaces in Cities C．Heat Effect: An Unavoidable Urban Trouble D．Green Roofs: Tiny Urban Forests 解析　B　主旨大意题。通读全文特别是第一段的“As our cities grow and more people move into already crowded spaces，what do we need to do to transform our urban areas into healthy places to live? An increasing body of research tells us that we should be letting nature back in.”可知，文章介绍了随着城市人口的急剧增加，城市的空气污染问题日益严重，因此有必要在城市中让自然回归，以改善城市的健康水平。同时，让自然回归可以提升居住者的幸福感和工作效率。因此，文章主要介绍的是在城市中引入自然的好处，B项“我们为什么需要城市绿地”符合文章大意，适合作为标题。 Ⅱ.七选五 How To Stop Being A People Pleaser As a recovering people pleaser，I spent much of my life keeping others happy. Breaking this habit meant stepping on a few toes. However，I've become a happier person as a result. Here are some tips I used to stop being a people pleaser. Identify your priorities. Take a moment to think about why you are trying to learn how to stop being a people pleaser. __1__ Why do you feel the need to keep them happy? Answering these questions will help you set a goal that you can hold yourself accountable to. Just say “no”. One reason why people pleasers say “yes” to everything is that they fear disappointing others. __2__ If you are a people pleaser，you are likely to spend lots of energy trying to control how people feel about you. The best thing you can do is let them feel their feelings. It will feel liberating to free yourself from being responsible for someone else's reaction. __3__ Saying “no” is a good way to set better boundaries in your important relationships. All healthy relationships have their own boundaries. If you haven't set boundaries in your relationships，the odds are that at some point you will end up feeling pressured to do something you don't want to do. Accept yourself. Many people pleasers are insecure about who they are. __4__ Check out our summary of Brené Brown's The Gifts of Imperfection to learn how to accept your imperfections and love yourself. Remember that you cannot please everyone. No matter what you do there will always be someone who is unhappy with your choices. __5__ A．Learn to set healthy boundaries. B．Don't mix up your boundaries with others'. C．Who are the people that you feel the need to please? D．Spend some time learning to love yourself for who you are. E．So why bother trying to please everyone if it isn't possible? F．But saying “no” is the best way to take care of your own needs. G．That is why the more you seek security，the less of it you have. [语篇解读]　说明文。文章介绍了如何停止取悦他人，从而成为一个更快乐的人的建议。 1．解析　C　根据下文“Why do you feel the need to keep them happy？”可知，C项“Who are the people that you feel the need to please？”能够衔接上文，符合语境。其中them指代上文中的the people。 2．解析　F　根据上文“Just say ‘no’. One reason why people pleasers say ‘yes’ to everything is that they fear disappointing others.”可知，此处建议我们学会说“不”。由此可知，F项能够衔接上文，且与上文形成转折关系，符合语境。 3．解析　A　根据下文“Saying ‘no’ is a good way to set better boundaries in your important relationships. All healthy relationships have their own boundaries.”可知，本段建议设定健康的界限。由此可知，A项“Learn to set healthy boundaries.” 适合作本段小标题，符合语境。 4．解析　D　根据上文“Accept yourself. Many people pleasers are insecure about who they are.”可知，本段建议介绍真实的自己。由此可知，D项“Spend some time learning to love yourself for who you are.” 能够衔接上文，符合语境。 5．解析　E　根据上文“Remember that you cannot please everyone. No matter what you do there will always be someone who is unhappy with your choices.”可知，E项“So why bother trying to please everyone if it isn't possible？” 能够衔接上文，构成因果关系，符合语境。 Ⅲ.读后续写 (2024·安徽江淮十校联考)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 The four mountain climbers were still breathing heavily as they looked out into the distance. The views from the top of the mountain were breathtaking. In all directions，valleys，forests and other mountains were laid out before them. They could even see the small wooden houses of the village where they had spent the night and the route they had taken to reach the top of this small but dangerous mountain. Laughing loudly，they were surprised at their courage in climbing such a steep and rocky mountain slope. Filled with an enormous sense of achievement，the four young climbers patted each other on the back. As the other three continued to enjoy the views，Jason，the leader of the group，stared at the horizon with a troubled look on his face. “What is it，Jason？” Sofia，the youngest of the group，asked. “Those dark clouds in the distance mean a heavy storm is fast on the way，” Jason replied. He remembered the villagers had warned him of the unpredictable weather conditions on top of the mountain and that a terrible storm could appear from nowhere. “But it's so warm and sunny here. I don't think the storm is coming this way，” Sofia said，more in hope than expectation. However，Jason feared the worst and knew only too well what would happen if the storm caught them in the open. He addressed the group in a calm but serious tone，“If the storm hits us，the temperature will fall dramatically. The rain and mist will make it difficult for us to see where we are going and we could easily get lost or fall off a cliff. The wind will take our strength，so we need to get moving fast.” The four mountain climbers packed up their facilities and immediately started back down the mountain. Unfortunately，despite their best efforts，the storm was upon them sooner than expected. The wind screamed in their ears，the driving rain stung (刺痛) their eyes and the mist made it impossible for them to see clearly. 注意：续写的词数应为150左右。 With it getting dark，Jason decided that it was just too dangerous to continue. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Finally，the storm showed signs of stopping and the climbers decided to continue their way down the mountain. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 With it getting dark，Jason decided that it was just too dangerous to continue. He gathered the group in the shelter of a large rock，where he noticed that the other three were frightened and looking to him for a way out. Pushed by responsibility and pressure of leadership，Jason，shouting against the wind，explained that the safest thing for the moment was taking shelter from the pouring rain. They had expected that the storm would pass very soon. However，as darkness settled over them，the shower swept in. How time dragged! Finally，the storm showed signs of stopping and the climbers decided to continue their way down the mountain.Unbearably cold and hungry，they felt their way downward with great difficulty，eager for a miracle. Suddenly，something caught Jason's eye. Was it a flash of light? There it was again...and another! In response，Jason immediately flashed his torch，exclaiming，“Over here! We are here！” His companions joined in. Rescue eventually arrived. Seeing the climbers，all the searching villagers breathed a sigh of relief and lovingly helped them return to the village. You see，weather changes but love remains. 【导语】　本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了四名登山者在登山的时候遭遇了暴风雨，被困在了户外。多亏了领队Jason冷静应对，带领大家躲雨，最终坚持到了救援人员到来。 【详解】 1．段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容可知，第一段可描写Jason在责任和领导压力的推动下为大家寻找避雨处。 ②由第二段首句内容可知，第二段可描写登山者下山时遇到了赶来的救援人员。 2．续写线索：登山者害怕—寻找避雨处—躲雨等雨停—雨停—开始下山—遇到救援人员—感悟。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$