第5讲 非谓语动词（word教参）-【导学教程】2025年英语新编高考大一轮总复习（人教版）

第5讲　非谓语动词 [对应学生用书P292] 考点一　非谓语动词的形式及意义 非谓语动词 主动语态 被动语态 意义 不定式 一般式 to do to be done 表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生 进行式 to be doing — 表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生 完成式 to have done to have been done 表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前 现在分词/ 动名词 一般式 doing being done 表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生 完成式 having done having been done 表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生 过去分词 一般式 done — 与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成 考点二　非谓语动词作状语 1．不定式作状语 (1)作目的状语，可用so as to/in order to替换，但 so as to一般不可置于句首。 To deal with climate change，we must seize the initiative to do whatever is necessary to protect our environment. 为了应对气候变化，我们必须采取一切必要措施来保护环境。 (2)作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的结果，常用于下列结构中：only to do；enough to do(足够做……)；too...to do...(太……而不能……)；so/such...as to...(如此……以至于……)等。 Tom took a taxi to the airport，only to find his plane high up in the sky. 汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。 (3)作原因状语，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。这类形容词有：easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous，surprised，astonished，delighted，disappointed 等。 This machine is very easy to operate. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. 这台机器很容易操作。只需几分钟，任何人都能学会使用它。 [点津]　“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构中，句子的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且此时不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。另外需注意的是在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须是及物动词；若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词。 2．分词作状语 非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。 Seen from the top of the tower，the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. 从塔顶看，南边的山脚下是树的海洋。 Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way using the sun and the stars. 像古代的船员一样，鸟类可以利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。 [点津]　部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态。常见的有：located 坐落于，lost迷路的，seated坐着的，hidden躲着的，lost/absorbed/buried in沉溺于，dressed in穿着，tired of厌烦的，faced with面对着。 Absorbed in painting，John didn't notice evening approaching. 由于专心绘画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。 3．独立成分作状语 有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常用的有：generally/frankly/roughly/strictly speaking，talking of，speaking of，judging from/by，taking everything into consideration，compared to/with，to be frank，to tell(you)the truth，to be honest，to make things worse 等。 Generally speaking，boys are more interested in such activities than girls. 一般来说，男孩子比女孩子对这类活动更感兴趣。 To be honest，the pay isn't attractive enough，though the job itself is quite interesting. 说实话，这个报酬不是很吸引人，虽然这份工作本身很有趣。 单句语法填空 1．(2022·全国乙卷) To strengthen (strengthen)the connection with young people，the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media，inviting (invite) twenty­nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty­six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. 2．(2022·全国甲卷) He flew 4，700 kilometers from Xi'an to Kashgar on seat，planning (plan) to hike back to Xi'an in five months. 3．(2021·浙江卷6月)Mary's sister，Frances Todd Wallace，often came over to plant (plant) flowers in the front yard. 4．(2024·九省联考)He knows that computers are here to stay (stay) and that they will not disappear. 5．In the nineteenth century，a new type of travelers stepped onto the Silk Road: archaeologists and geographers，enthusiastic explorers who were eager to look (look) for adventure. 考点三　非谓语动词作定语 1．不定式作定语 (1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。 I was watching the clock all through the meeting，as I had a train to catch. 我在会议期间一直看时钟，因为我要赶火车。 Suddenly a good idea occurred to her，but she couldn't find any paper to write on. 突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到纸把它写下来。 (2)序数词，形容词最高级，the last，the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。 He is always the first to arrive at school and the last to leave school. 他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。 (3)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见名词：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way 等。 The best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit. 增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。 [点津]　动词不定式作定语主动形式表被动含义 结构 用法 例句 及物动词＋宾语/双宾语＋修饰宾语的动词不定式 动词不定式作定语与被修饰词有动宾关系，且与句子的主语或间接宾语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系 I'll give the little girl some books to read. 我要给这个小女孩一些书读。 主语＋have＋宾语＋修饰宾语的动词不定式 Have you got anything to buy? 你有什么东西要买吗？ 2.分词作定语 (1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系，且表示正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系，且表完成时，用过去分词。 (2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表被动。 Most colleges now offer first­year students a course specially designed to help them succeed academically and personally. 大多数大学现在为大一的学生提供一门专门为他们设计的课程，以帮助他们在学术和个人方面取得成功。 Last night，there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV. 昨天晚上，有几百万人观看了开幕式的电视直播。 单句语法填空 1．(2022·全国乙卷)It can help to build a community with a shared (share) future for mankind. 2．(2022·全国甲卷)A visually­challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi'an，as a first step to journey (journey ) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. 3．(2024·泸州一模)Last year，a new project was launched，allowing (allow)tourists in small groups to reserve places to enter the garden in the early morning before the regular opening time. Their visit ends up with making a traditional folding fan. 考点四　非谓语动词作宾语 1．只接不定式作宾语的动词：agree，intend，plan，demand，promise，prepare，decide，refuse，choose，wish，hope，expect，fail (未能)，pretend，manage，determine，beg，arrange，threaten，claim，hesitate，wait，happen (碰巧)等。 She seated herself at a small table in the restaurant，waiting to be served. 她坐在餐馆里的一张小桌子旁等着被服务。 2．只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语：admit，avoid，consider，escape(避开)，imagine，mind，miss，practise，suggest，feel like，give up，put off，object to，look forward to等。此外，have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth，have fun (in) doing sth等句型中也用动名词作宾语。 I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended. 我回避提及这个话题，以免冒犯他。 It's quite hot today. Do you feel like going for a swim? 今天很热。你想去游泳吗？ 3．一些动词可接不定式与动名词作宾语，但意义不同： I remembered to lock the door before I left the office，but forgot to turn off the lights. 我离开办公室之前记得关门却忘记关灯了。 [点津]　(1)动词want，need，require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.­ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve。 (2)不定式作动词及动词短语learn，decide，know，wonder，show，tell，understand，explain，teach，advise，find out 等的宾语时，前面常带引导词how，what，whether，where，when，who 等。 (3)连词but后接不定式作宾语，若前面有实义动词do，不定式要省略to。 单句语法填空 1．(2021·全国卷乙)Actually，a true eco­friendly trip must meet the following principles: Minimize the impact of visiting (visit) the place... 2．(2024·泸州一模)He also gives lectures about the fight against desertification at schools of Alshaa League，hoping to raise (raise) awareness among young people. 3．Besides performances created (create)by light and shadow，performers must master a set of various skills as the plays combine painting，carving，opera and literature. 4．For years Hainan has been developing its tourism industry，which aims to turn (turn) the island into an international tourist destination. 5．In my mind，they help us to become calm and consider winning (win) and solving real problems as well. 考点五　非谓语动词作宾补 1．不定式作宾补 不定式作宾补时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，不定式表将要发出的主动动作。常接不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，encourage，expect，forbid，force，intend，invite，order，persuade，prefer，require，remind，tell，want，warn，wish，call on，depend on等。 If we expect people to give up the habit of driving，we must give them an alternative they can rely on. 如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。 Having finished her project，she was invited by the school to speak to the new students. 完成项目之后，她被学校邀请去给新生讲话。 [点津]　(1)有些动词，如think，consider，believe，suppose，feel，find，understand等后常用to be作宾补或主补。 Chinese people are considered to be the most hard­working people in the world. 中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。 (2)在sb be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋to do/to have done结构中，不定式用作主语补足语。 Jim is believed to have the gift of learning. 大家都相信，吉姆有学习的天赋。 Mark Twain was considered to have been one of the world's greatest writers. 马克·吐温被认为是世界上最伟大的作家之一。 2．分词作宾补 (1)现在分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，且强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see，watch，observe，notice，hear，listen to，feel)，使役动词(have，get)，find，leave，keep，catch等。 Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help? 听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗？ (2)过去分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示被动动作。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see，watch，observe，notice，hear，listen to，feel)，使役动词(have，make，let，get)，find，leave，keep等。 I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph taken. 我需要一本新护照，因此我得照张相片。 (3)使役动词have，get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点：①have sth done＝get sth done让别人做某事；②have sb/sth doing让……一直做某事；get sth/sb doing 使……开始做某事；③have sb do sth＝get sb to do sth让某人做某事。 Before driving into the city，you are required to get your car washed. 在开车进城之前，你需要洗洗车。 (4)with/without的复合结构：with/without＋名词＋doing (表示主动、进行)/done(表示被动、完成)/to do(表示目的、将来)。 Without anyone noticing me，I stole into the room. 没有人注意到我，我偷偷溜进了房间。 单句语法填空 1．(2023·南昌二模)Several nations have proposed that they wish to have their astronauts sent (send) to the Tiangong space station. 2．(2023·重庆三模)Horses，dragons，the Monkey King from Chinese legend，skeletons—you probably wouldn't expect to see this collection of animals and pop cultural icons flying (fly) together in the sky，but this spectacle happens every year in Weifang，the “World Kite Capital” in Shandong Province. 3．(2023·厦门二模)Shenzhen's first coffee­themed post office opened at the Science and Technology Parkin Nanshan District. Postal elements can be seen everywhere，with stamps，postcards and cakes in the shapes of mailboxes，mail carts and an old­style postman bicycle exhibited (exhibit). 4．Rescuers found the scared child standing (stand) in some vines and bushes in the jungle，so they immediately picked the child up and rushed back to the worried family. 5．Whoever fails to return the books before the deadline will have their accounts frozen( freeze). 6．What the scientists did on Chang'e­5 paid off at last，which inspires more and more Chinese people to devote (devote) themselves to further space research. 考点六　非谓语动词作主语和表语 1．不定式作主语和表语 (1)不定式作主语时，一般表示某一次具体的动作。若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置，以使句子保持平衡。 No matter how bright a talker you are，there are times when it's better to remain silent. 不论你多么能说会道，有些时候保持沉默会更好。 To prevent bad things from happening is impossible，but we can be fully prepared. 防止不好的事情发生是不可能的，但我们可以做好充分的准备。 (2)不定式作表语时，①表示预定要发生的动作；②当主语是aim，purpose，idea，plan，wish，decision，choice等词时，常用不定式作表语；③主语为what引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。 Jeff's plan is to get a degree in economics and then work abroad for a year. Jeff的计划是获得一个经济学学位，然后在国外工作一年。 What I want to do most in senior high is (to) improve my English. 我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。 2．动名词作主语和表语 (1)动名词作主语常表示抽象的、泛指的概念，也可用it作形式主语，把作真正主语的动名词短语放在句末。常用于固定句型：It's a waste of time doing...；It's no use/good doing...；It is useless doing...等中。 Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out. 直接面对你的问题而不是逃避它们，是解决这些问题最好的方法。 It's no use complaining without taking action. 不采取行动而只是抱怨是没用的。 (2)动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语和主语常常可以互换位置。 My job is cleaning the house three times a week(＝Cleaning the house three times a week is my job). 我的工作是每星期打扫三次房子。 3．现在分词与过去分词作表语 (1)作表语的现在分词，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质或特征。意为“令人……的”。 The result of the game was disappointing. 比赛结果令人失望。 (2)过去分词作表语多表示主语所处的状态或主观心理感受。意为“(人)感到……的”。 All those present to listen to her story were moved to tears. 凡在场听到她故事的人无不感动得流泪。 单句语法填空 1．(2021·全国卷甲)It is possible to walk (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. 2．It's necessary to be prepared for a job interview. Having (have) the answers ready will be of great help. 3．The festival La Tomtina is interesting (interest)because people eat tomatoes and throw them at each other! 4．On the first day of school，Han Jing didn't feel frightened (frighten)at all，because she believed she would make new friends there. 技法图解 学以致用 1.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)To eat one(Xiao long bao)，you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first，releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出)，or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth，letting the hot soup explode on your tongue (舌头). 2．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Shanghai may be the (recognize) home of the soup dumpling，but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao's birthplace. 3．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) No matter where I buy them，though，one steamer basket is rarely enough，yet two seems greedy，and so I am always left (want) more next time. 1.解析　to bite　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，“whether (bite)a small hole in it first”相当于一个名词短语，在句中作decide的宾语，故填to bite，构成“疑问词＋不定式”结构。“疑问词＋不定式”结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等。 2．解析　recognized　考查非谓语动词。语境表示“上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡”。分析句子结构可知，空前作前置定语，修饰中心词home。recognize与被修饰词home之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词形式recognized。 3．解析　wanting　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查“leave ＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，表示“使我想着下次多吃点”。该题考查其被动语态的变式结构，在被动语态中，原宾补变成为主补。设空处want与句子主语I构成逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词wanting。 [对应学生用书P297] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) Nanxiang aside，the best xiao long bao have a fine skin，allowing them to be lifted (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. 2．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to visiting (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas，which are on loan from China. 3．(2023·全国乙卷) From Buddhist temples to museums，narrow hutong to royal palaces，it is home to more than 3，000 years of glorious history even down to its layout，with the city keeping its carefully built (build) system of ring roads. 4．(2023·全国乙卷) As a photographer，I have spent the last two years recording (record)everything I discovered. 5．(2023·全国甲卷)For thousands of years，people have told fables (寓言) to teach (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. 6．(2023·全国甲卷) “There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co­existence with its surroundings，”her fable begins, borrowing (borrow) some familiar words from many age­old fables. 7．(2023·全国甲卷) Behind the simple style，however，is a serious message intended (intend)for everyone. 8．(2023·济宁三模)The national treasures are no longer cold and distant objects housed (house) in museums but lively and humorous entertainers who can sing and talk. 9．Chinese medicine might be slowly in curing the patient of the disease，but it has less serious side effects even if taken (take) frequently，for each medicinal herb is prescribed(开处方)for the benefit of the patient，causing no harm to the liver or the kidneys. 10．(2023·河南名校联考)As the new immigrants gain financial independence and a greater knowledge of the surrounding city，they may choose to stay (stay) close to known friends and neighbors for comfort. Ⅱ.语法填空 (2024·武汉质检)The AI­powered ChatGPT has drawn great interest from investors hungry for the next big thing in technology. Created by OpenAI，a private company backed by Microsoft，ChatGPT 1. (estimate) to have reached 100 million monthly active users just two months after its launch，making it the 2. (fast) growing consumer application in history. But its popularity has also made it 3. target for regulation，attracting the attention of US lawmakers with questions about its impact on education and national security. Congressman Ted Lieu，said that 4. he was excited about the chatbot，he was also shocked by AI，specially AI that is left unchecked. One law firm focused on AI 5. (responsible) pointed to the national security concerns. It wrote of evil leaders，non­state actors and malicious (怀有恶意的) state actors 6. (use) these systems to generate information that could be wrong or could be harmful. At this point many of the recent concerns about ChatGPT have come 7. (main) from educators focused on cheating and plagiarism (剽窃).Others have voiced the concern that their computer program could also be used to spread false information. In a statement OpenAI said “ChatGPT's free use by everyone is consistent 8. the principles of democratization information. We don't want 9. to be used for misleading purposes in schools or anywhere else，so we are trying to find ways to help anyone identify texts 10. (generate) by that system.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了ChatGPT一经发布就深受欢迎，这也引起了政府立法者的关注，他们质疑它对教育和国家安全的影响。 1．解析　was estimated　动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处为谓语。根据时间状语just two months after its launch和常识可知，此处描述的事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时；主语ChatGPT与estimate之间是被动关系；主语ChatGPT是第三人称单数。所以空处填was estimated。 2．解析　fastest　副词。空处修饰空后的形容词growing，应用副词。根据本句中的“in history”可知，此处应用最高级，所以空处填fastest。 3．解析　a　冠词。空后的target是一个可数名词单数，故空处应填冠词。结合语境“但它的受欢迎程度也使它成为监管的目标”可知，此处表泛指，且target的发音以辅音音素开头，所以空处填a。 4．解析　although/though/while　状语从句。结合句意“国会议员Ted Lieu表示，虽然他对聊天机器人感到兴奋，但他也对人工智能感到震惊，尤其是不受限制的人工智能”可知，空处引导让步状语从句，所以填although/though/while。 5．解析　responsibility　名词。分析句子结构可知，空处作介词on的宾语，应用名词，所以填responsibility。 6．解析　using　非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语，与逻辑主语evil leaders，non­state actors and malicious(怀有恶意的)state actors之间是主谓关系，所以空处填现在分词using。 7．解析　mainly　副词。空处修饰空前的谓语动词，应用副词，所以填mainly。 8．解析　with　介词。此处考查固定表达be consistent with“与……一致的；符合的”。句意：OpenAI在一份声明中说：“每个人对ChatGPT的免费使用是符合民主化信息的原则的。” 9．解析　it　代词。根据句意“我们不想让ChatGPT在学校或其他任何地方被用于误导目的，所以我们正在努力寻找方法来帮助任何人识别由该系统生成的文本”可知，空处缺的意思是“ChatGPT”，故可以用代词it代替。 10．解析　generated　非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作后置定语。texts与generate之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填过去分词generated。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$