选择性必修第二册 UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS（word教参）-【导学教程】2025年英语新编高考大一轮总复习（人教版）

[对应学生用书P167] (一)分类识记单词——用时少·功效高 识记单词·写对 Ⅰ.知其意 1．contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的 2．germ n.　微生物；细菌；病菌 3．pump n.　泵；抽水机；打气筒 4．shadow n.　阴影；影子；背光处 5．substantial adj.　大量的；价值巨大的；重大的 6．statistic n．[pl.]　统计数字；统计资料；统计学 7．protein n.　蛋白质 8．cell n.　细胞；小房间；单间牢房 9．virus n.　病毒 10．vaccine n.　疫苗 11．concrete n.　混凝土 adj.　混凝土制的；确实的；具体的 12．aerospace n.　航空航天工业 13．mechanical adj.　机械的；发动机的；机器的 14．mechanic n.　机械师；机械修理工 15．aviation n.　航空制造业；航空；飞行 16．astronomy n.　天文学 Ⅱ.写其形 1. severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的 2．suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 3．handle n．把手；拉手；柄 vt. 处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等) 4．link n．联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联 5．raw adj. 未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的 6．cast vt.投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷 7．pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料) 8．leadership n．领导；领导地位；领导才能 9．trace vt.追溯；追踪；查出 n．痕迹；遗迹；踪迹 10. besides prep.除……之外(还) adv.而且；此外 11．furthermore adv.此外；再者 12．shift n．改变；转换；轮班 vi.& vt.转移；挪动；转向 13．subscribe vi. 认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费) 14．rainbow n．彩虹 15．abstract adj.抽象的；理性的 n．(文献等的)摘要 16．concept n．概念；观念 核心单词·练透 1．(2022·全国乙卷) From my point of view，we should also take English books and websites into consideration，thus laying a solid (可靠的) foundation for English. 2．Seeing the world through the eyes of a child is the purest (纯的， 纯粹的) joy that anyone can experience. 3．Owing to the severe environmental pollution，this species of bird is decreasing (减少) in numbers every year. 4．More than forty outstanding (杰出的) young singers from eight countries have been chosen for this year's art festival. 5．Blamed (责备)by his teacher，the boy was frustrated and couldn't concentrate on his study. 6．He likes to find fault (弱点；过错)with other people，which makes them very unhappy. 7．In our office，Jim is an absolutely brilliant (聪颖的) expert in computers，and he always solves the complex problems in a few minutes. 拓展单词·用活 1．severe adj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的→severely adv. 极为恶劣地；十分严重地；严厉地 2．infect vt.使感染；传染→infection n．感染；传染 3．pure adj. 干净的；纯的；纯粹的→purely adv. 完全地；纯粹地；仅仅→purify vt. 净化；使……洁净 4．transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变→transformation n．转化；转换；变换；变化 5. think v．认为；思考→thinking n．思想；思维；见解 6. find v．发现→finding n．发现；调查结果；(法律)判决 7．initial adj. 最初的；开始的；第一的→initially adv. 最初地 8. assist vt.&vi.帮助；协助；援助→assistance n．帮助；协助；援助→assistant n．助理；助手 9．With solid proof，the lawyer can certainly prove that he is innocent.(prove) 10．To defend her from being hurt，I must say something in her defence．(defend) 11．He is a gifted pianist and he has a great gift for playing the piano.(gift) 12．He described vividly what he saw in London，giving us a vivid picture about people's life there.(vivid) 13．I often got frustrated in this job and the constant frustration almost made me quit the job.(frustrate) 14．With steady policies，the company's exports have been increasing steadily．(steady) (二)语境记忆短语——不枯燥·兴趣高 记全记牢 1．once and for all最终地；彻底地 2．subscribe to同意；赞同 3．thanks to幸亏；由于 4．break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 5．in charge of主管；掌管 6．come down(with) 患(病)；染上(小病) 7．above all最重要的是；尤其是 8．have an impact on对……有影响 9．be to blame负有责任 10. under one's leadership在某人的领导下 用准用活 选用左栏短语填空 1．(2021·北京卷，道歉信)Since my grandfather came down with the disease，we have taken turns to care for him. 2．This morning，several classmates and I subscribed to the idea that we went to pick up rubbish in the People's Park. 3．(2023·浙江卷1月，语法填空) Thanks to Beijing's long history as the capital of China，almost every hutong has its stories，and some are even associated with historic events. 4．We'd like to employ a secretary who is friendly，hard­working，and above all, able to deal with something unexpected. ●会积累　联想拓展 以“­ship”为后缀的高频名词 常见英语反义形容词 有无定冠词大相径庭 ①scholarship奖学金；学问；学术成就 ②friendship友谊 ③leadership领导地位 ④relationship关系 ⑤hardship苦难 ⑥championship冠军称号 ① ② ③ ①in charge of主管；看管；负责 in the charge of被掌管；由……负责 ②in control of控制；管理 in the control of被……控制 ③in possession of占有；拥有 in the possession of被占有；为……所有 (三)仿写用活句式——造佳句·表达高 句式背诵 句式仿写 句型1　 so ...that ...如此……以至于…… He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 他发现尤其在两条街道上的霍乱爆发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。 1.他是如此紧张，以至于他感觉舌头打结，手心出汗。(读后续写之紧张心理描写) He was so nervous that he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating. 句型2　have＋宾语＋宾语补足语 Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. 因此，他让人把水泵的手柄拆了，这样水泵就不能用了。 2.我们开始帮忙摘桃子，然后让人把它们送到农民家里。 We began to help pick peaches and then had them delivered to the farmers' houses. 句型3　until引导的时间状语从句 Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome. 在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。 3.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷，读后续写)声音变得越来越大，直到大卫拖着腿越过终点站。 The voice became louder and louder until David dragged his leg，surpassing the terminal. [核心单词] [对应学生用书P169] blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．指责；责备 (1)blame sb for sth 因某事责备某人 blame sth on sb/sth 　将某事归咎于某人/某物 be to blame (for sth) 　应(对某事)负责任 (2)take/bear the blame for ... 　承担……的责任 put/place/lay the blame on sb/sth 　归咎于某人/某物 [练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ① In my view，Li Hua，who broke the school rules，was to blame (blame). ②我们应该多交流、 换位思考而不是相互责怪。 (应用文之建议信) Instead of blaming each other，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others' place. ③蒂姆被责备为演出失败负责，他悲伤得忍不住痛哭。(读后续写之情感描写) Blamed for the failure of the performance，Tim felt seized by a burst of sadness and couldn't help crying bitterly. decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 (1)decrease by 　减少了 decrease (from ...) to 　(从……)减少到 decrease in　 在某方面下降 (2)on the decrease/increase　在减少/在增加 a decrease in sth　 某方面的减少 [练透]　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①The number of new students has decreased (decrease)from 2，000 to 1，600 in recent two years. ②A similar situation occurred to social science and business which saw a decrease by 70% and an increase by 85% respectively. ③由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数目在减少。 a．Because of human activities，the number of some rare animals is on the decrease． b．Because of human activities，the number of some rare animals is decreasing. transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变[☞transformation n. (彻底的) 变化，改观，转变] transform sb/sth 　改变/转化某人/某物 transform ... into ... 　使……变成…… be transformed from ... into ...　由……变成…… [练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①At present，the remarkable development of digital economy is transforming (transform) our modern way of life. ②The past ten years has witnessed a complete transformation (transform) of my hometown. ③你的慷慨帮助和善意使我的第一次加拿大之行成为一个难忘的回忆。(应用文之感谢信) Your generous help and kindness transformed my first Canada trip into an unforgettable memory. defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解[☞defenc(s)e n．防御；保卫；保护] (1)defend ... against/from 　保护……免受 defend oneself　 自卫；为自己辩护 (2)in defence (of)　 保护；为了保卫 in one's defence　 为某人辩护 [练透]　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①The assistant stepped back appearing frightened and put up her hands as if in defence. She seemed to defend herself from/against being injured. ②看到这只凶猛的狼，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。(读后续写之肢体动作) a.Seeing the fierce wolf，he rushed to defend his son like an arrow.(defend) b．Seeing the fierce wolf，he rushed in defence of his son like an arrow.(defence) 词形转换和动词形式变化 1．Given that the driver had injured the passer­by，he was so severely (severe) punished that his parents were frustrated (frustrate). 2．With the people Huckleberry Finn meets covering all walks of life，the novel vividly (vivid) reflects the society at that time. 3．Much to our joy，his health is getting steadily (steady) better with time going by. 4．In reality，the mechanic made a severe mistake, shifting (shift) nervously from one foot to another.(读后续写之紧张心理描写) 5．I was overcome with sadness because I was suspected (suspect) of stealing his money. 6．With tears pouring (pour) down his cheeks，he watched the documentary film tracing (trace) the history of the ancient town. 7．At that time，people were advised to stay at home to reduce the risk of getting infected (infect). 8．In reality，experts believe that the illness is linked (link) to the use of chemical pesticide. 固定用法和搭配 People may find it unbelievable that two hundred years ago people did not link illness 1.to environmental problems. In London，drinking polluted water led 2.to many deaths from cholera. It always started in the poor neighborhood，and then it spread to the richer areas as the servants infected 3.with the illness passed it on. Many doctors suspected 4.that polluted water was 5.to blame (blame). John Snow's 6.findings (finding) proved that the dirtier the water，the 7.more severe (severe) the illness. Therefore，they concluded that water must be 8.purified (pure). They instructed the 9.handles (handle) be removed from pumps if the water carried the virus. Thanks 10.to John Snow，cholera was defeated eventually. 熟词生义 1．The engine is used for pumping water out of the mine. vt.用泵输送 2．The research lacks solid proof，and therefore，its conclusions are doubtful. adj. 可靠的 3．They shifted their viewpoints frequently. vt.改变(观点或态度等) [短语和句型] [对应学生用书P171] come down (with...)染上；得了(……病)；患(病) come across (偶然)遇见；碰见；被理解 come about　发生(无被动形式) come on　加油；到来；得了吧 come out　出版；结果是；(花)开放 come up　走近；上来；被提出 come up with　提出；想出(主意、计划、回答等) when it comes to...当谈及…… [练透]　用come的相关短语填空 ①My assistant's first novel came out，which made me proud of him. ②Aware that my partner came down with a serious disease，I had knots in my throat and rushed to hospital anxiously.(2022·浙江卷1月，读后续写) ③When it comes to English learning，I have the following practical suggestions to share. Firstly，when you come across unfamiliar words，don't always refer to the dictionary. Besides，when teachers' questions come up in class，you should try to come up with answers. Lastly，if you fail，you must say to yourself，“ Come on！”(应用文之建议信) in charge of负责/掌管(表示状态) (1)in the charge of　由……来负责；被……掌管 take charge of　负责/看管(表动作) free of charge免费 (2)charge (sb) for sth　为……要价 charge sb with (doing) sth　指控某人(做)某事 [练透]　完成句子/一句多译 ①I'm going to visit the museum which doesn't charge for admission (不收门票) tomorrow morning. ②You can take as many as you need，because they are free of charge (免费). ③He was charged with murder (被指控谋杀) and sentenced to death. ④作为学生会主席，我被委派负责你在天津逗留期间的所有活动。 a．As chairman of the Student Association，I was appointed to be in charge of arranging all the activities during your stay in Tianjin. b．As chairman of the Student Association，I was appointed to take charge of arranging all the activities during your stay in Tianjin. above all最重要的是；尤其是 after all　毕竟；终究 all in all　整体说来；总而言之 in all　全部；合计 first of all　首先 at all　(否定句)一点也不；(疑问句)到底；究竟 [练透]　用all的相关短语填空/完成句子 ①The university I recommend to you is Beijing Language and Culture University. First of all/Above all，you'd better learn some basic Chinese before you come. After all，you will be under completely unfamiliar circumstances.All in all，studying for a degree in a different culture is not easy at all．(应用文之推荐信) ②总之，现在是我们致力于保护海洋的时候了。(2022·全国甲卷，应用文) All in all，it is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting oceans. 句型：until引导的时间状语从句 教材原句： Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome. 在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。 (1)not...until...意为“直到……才……”，引导时间状语从句； (2)在not...until...句型结构中，可以把not until提到句首，此时主句用部分倒装语序； (3)not...until...句型的强调句式为It is/was not until...that...。 [练透]　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①The voice became louder and louder until David dragged his leg, passing the terminal. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷，读后续写) ②It was not until I settled down and lived in Beijing that I had a chance to pay a visit to the Great Wall. ③直到我经历了这场事故，我才明白坏运气有可能是正在等待开启的门。(读后续写之主旨升华) a．Not until I experienced the accident was I aware that bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened.(倒装句) b．It was not until I experienced the accident that I was aware that bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened.(强调句) 句型：have＋宾语＋宾语补足语 教材原句：Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. 因此，他让人把水泵的手柄拆了，这样水泵就不能用了。 (1)have sth done　使某事被做 have sb do sth　 让某人做某事 have sb/sth doing sth 让某人一直做某事或让某事处于某种状态 can't have sb doing sth　不能容忍某人做某事 (2)have sth to do　有某事要做 [练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①What Jenny hopes is that Mr. Smith could suggest a good way to have the current situation improved (improve). ②Our headteacher can't have us wasting (waste) our precious time. Even if we have finished our homework，he always has us read (read) classics to broaden our horizons. ③我非常抱歉让你等了这么长时间，因为刚才我有一件紧急的事情要处理。(应用文之道歉信) I am terribly sorry for having you waiting for me for so long，because I had an urgent thing to attend to just now. 单句语法填空/完成句子 1．Amy thought it was worthwhile to read English newspapers every day，so she subscribed to the 21st Century. 2．Willing to help (help) Bernard，the children got down to preparing (prepare) popcorn the instant they got what they needed. 3．我们都希望你愿意负责这次校园艺术节的组织工作。 We all hope you are willing to take charge of the organization of the school art festival. 4．我认为我们应该采取有效的措施让我们的国家更美丽。 I think we should take effective measures to make our country more beautiful． 5．健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。 Health problems are closely linked to bad eating habits and a lack of exercise． 固定搭配和句式 根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 Dear Peter， Born into a wealthy household on December 11，1911，Zhejiang Province，Qian Xuesen 1.was so brilliant that he was regarded as (他如此聪明以至于被认为是) a “super­gifted” boy in his childhood. He graduated from Shanghai Jiao Tong University and went to the United States for his further study，2.where he gained his doctor's degree (他在那里获得博士学位). He returned to his homeland in 1955 once and for all. After he returned to China，he committed 3.himself (he) to China's aerospace industry，4.handling (handle)the design and 5.being in charge of the research of rockets and missiles (负责火箭、导弹的研制工作). 6．It is thanks to his outstanding achievements that (正是由于他的杰出成就)we have made solid and steady progress in defending our beautiful homeland. [对应学生用书P173] 　　应用文写作运用 短文——个人成长 Ⅰ.利用本单元所学知识完成/翻译句子 1．这句名言告诉我们，面对失败时，我们应该反思自己，而不是责怪他人。 This famous quote conveys that when facing failure，we should reflect on ourselves instead of putting the blame on others. 2．进入高中，一些学生考试成绩很差。 When entering high school，some students performed poorly in exams. (省略句) 3．他们把责任归咎于老师而不是自己，结果成绩更差。我也不例外。 They blamed it on the teachers rather than themselves，resulting in even poorer performance. I was no exception. (分词短语作结果状语) 4．我意识到抱怨没有用，我开始调整我的学习方法，每当遇到困难时就向老师求助。 Aware that complaining made no sense，I got down to adjusting my learning methods and turned to the teacher whenever encountering difficulties. 5．我取得了稳定的进步，这反过来又增强了我的信心。(非限制性定语从句) I made steady progress，which in turn boosted my confidence. 6．从这次经历中，我意识到只有勇敢地承担失败的全部责任，而不是责怪别人，我们才能成功。(倒装句) From the experience，I realize only by bravely taking full responsibility for failure rather than blaming others can we succeed. Ⅱ.使用恰当的过渡衔接词连句成篇 【参考范文】 This famous quote conveys that when facing failure，we should reflect on ourselves instead of putting the blame on others. When entering high school，some students performed poorly in exams. They blamed it on the teachers rather than themselves，resulting in even poorer performance. I was no exception. However，aware that complaining made no sense，I got down to adjusting my learning methods and turned to the teacher whenever encountering difficulties. Gradually，I made steady progress，which in turn boosted my confidence. From the experience，I realize only by bravely taking full responsibility for failure rather than blaming others can we succeed. 　续写能力提升 情感 描写 frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的 动作 描写 ①suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 ②blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 ③decrease vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 ④cast vt.投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷 ⑤pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料) ⑥trace vt.追溯；追踪；查出 ⑦defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解 ⑧assistant n．助理；助手→assist vt.&vi.帮助；协助；援助 ⑨break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段并背诵该语段。 I 1.was suspected of (被怀疑) stealing the woman's gold ring，2.which cast a cloud of gloom over my face (这使我的脸上蒙上了一层阴影). 3.So frustrated was I that tears poured down my cheeks like a flood (我是如此懊恼以至于泪水像洪水一样顺着脸颊流下来). Then I thought why I should 4.take the blame for somebody else (替别人背黑锅).So I tried my best to trace the real thief to defend my innocence. 5.With my friends assisting me (在朋友们的帮助下)，I was greatly convinced that I would prove that I was wronged. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$