必修第二册 UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS（word教参）-【导学教程】2025年英语新编高考大一轮总复习（人教版）

[对应学生用书P73] (一)分类识记单词——用时少·功效高 识记单词·写对 Ⅰ.知其意 1．Confucius n.　孔子 2．philosophy n.　哲学 3．kingdom n.　王国；领域 4．currency n.　通货；货币 5．military adj.　军事的；军用的 6．conquer vt.　占领；征服；控制 7．butter n.　黄油；奶油 vt.　涂黄油于 8．ancestor n.　祖宗；祖先 9．courtyard n.　庭院；院子 10．county n.　(英国、爱尔兰的)郡；(美国的)县 11．dot n.　点；小(圆)点 vt.　加点；遍布 12．wine n.　葡萄酒；果酒 13．beer n.　(一杯)啤酒 14．striking adj.　引人注目的；显著的 Ⅱ.写其形 1．chief adj.最重要的；最高级别的 n. (公司或机构的)首领；酋长 2．battle n．战役；搏斗 vi. &vt.搏斗；奋斗 3．port n．港口(城市) 4．charge n. 收费；指控；主管 vt. 收费；控告；充电 5．gallery n. (艺术作品的)展览馆；画廊 6．nearby adj.附近的；邻近的 adv.在附近 7．ocean n．大海；海洋 8．pub n．酒吧；酒馆 9．landscape n. (陆上，尤指乡村的)风景 10．snack n．点心；小吃 11．roll vi.&vt.(使)翻滚；(使)滚动 n．卷(轴)；翻滚 12．roar vi.&n.吼叫；咆哮 13．feast n．盛宴；宴会；节日 核心单词·练透 1．(2023·浙江卷1月，应用文) Approaching (靠近) the farm，I was greeted by a spicy smell of the barbecue. 2．Drinking a moderate amount (数量) of tea can help people relax，but don't drink too much because it may make you overexcited. 3．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷，读后续写) David stood firmly in his position (位置)，ignoring anything around. 4．I stared into Mom's eyes，eager (渴望) for a positive answer. 5．The power of the individuals (个人) is limited，while the power of the masses is limitless. 拓展单词·用活 1．belong vi. 应在(某处)；适应→belonging n. 归属→belongings n. 所有物；财产 2．defend vt.保护；保卫→defence n．防御；保卫 3．legal adj.法律的；合法的→illegal adj.不合法的 4．evident adj.清楚的；明白的；显而易见的；显然的→evidence n．证据；证明 5．locate vt.位于，坐落于→location n．地方；地点；位置 6．fascinate vt.使着迷，使神魂颠倒，迷住→fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的 7．sure adj.确信的，可靠的→ensure vt.保证；确保；担保 8．generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的；丰富的→generosity n. 慷慨，大方；宽宏大量 9．eager adj.热切的；渴望的→eagerly adv.热心地；热切地；急切地→eagerness n．热切；渴望；热心 10．greet vt.问候；迎接→greeting n．问候，招呼11.She wore a puzzled expression on her face because she was puzzled about a puzzling problem. (puzzle) 12．We always dream of having a house surrounded by trees，flowers and grass. If we can live in such beautiful surroundings，we must be happy every day. As is known，the surrounding things can always have a positive effect on us. (surround) 13．I hold the firm belief that you are bound to achieve your dream of being admitted to a key university，which will give you a wonderful sense of achievement．(achieve) 14．Mary announced to her teammates that she was to marry a Chinese boy. The announcement of their marriage would appear in the local newspaper next week. (announce) 15．The meeting room is quite crowded，with a lot of people crowding in it.(crowd) (二)语境记忆短语——不枯燥·兴趣高 记全记牢 1．join...to...把……和……连接或联结起来 2．break away (from sb/sth) 脱离；背叛；逃脱 3．belong to属于 4．as well as同(一样也)；和；还 5．keep your eyes open (for)留心；留意 6．in charge 负责，管理 7．date back to 追溯至 8．have a great influence on 对……有很大的影响 9．take over 接管，掌管 10．leave behind留下 用准用活 选用左栏短语填空 1．You should keep your eyes open for your mistakes in this exam and avoid them in the next exam. 2．To improve yourself，you should break away from some bad habits. You shouldn't get up very late，or skip breakfast and so on. 3．(2024·枣庄调研)Today，I'm honored to be here to share with you the benefits of sports as well as my personal experiences. 4．As we can see，the island is joined to the mainland by a bridge. ●会积累　联想拓展 能“说”会“道” 名词后缀­ment表示行为或结果等 “除……以外”一家亲 ①announce v．宣布；宣称 ②communicate v．交流；沟通 ③argue v．争论；争辩 ④chat v．聊天 n．闲谈 ⑤voice vt.表达；吐露 ⑥state v．陈述；说明 ⑦whisper v．低语，耳语 ①announce宣布；通知→announcement宣布；通知 ②achieve实现→achievement成就 ③develop发展→development发展 ④amaze使惊奇→amazement惊奇 ⑤equip装备→equipment装备；配备 ⑥treat款待；治疗→treatment对待；治疗 ①apart from除……外(还有/没有) ②aside from除……外(还有/没有) ③besides除……外(还有) ④as well as除……之外(也) ⑤in addition此外 ⑥in addition to此外 (三)仿写用活句式——造佳句·表达高 句式背诵 句式仿写 句型1　 the way后省略that/in which的定语从句 They introduced the beginnings of the English language，and changed the way people built houses. 他们引进了最初的英语，并且改变了人们建造房屋的方式。 1.日常生活中发生的事情会改变你看待世界的方式。 Something that happens in your daily life will change the way you look at the world． 句型2　with复合结构 The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle. “绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。 2.由于他们仍旧气喘吁吁、心跳飞快，他们相信刚刚所发生的事是真的。(读后续写之紧张心理描写) As they were still breathless, with their hearts beating wildly，they were convinced that what had happened just now was true. 句型3　if条件状语从句的省略形式 So what is the difference between them，if any? 如果有的话，那么它们之间有什么区别呢？ 3.我是李华，我想知道周末你是否有空。如果有空咱们面谈有关餐桌礼仪的问题。 I'm Li Hua，I'm wondering if you are available at the weekend.If so，let's have a face­to­face talk about table manners. [核心单词] [对应学生用书P75] belong vi.应在(某处)；适应[☞belonging n．(U)归属；(pl.)所有物；财产] (1) belong to属于；是……的成员；是……的组成部分 belong to 无被动语态和进行时，常用v.­ing形式作定语 (2)a sense of belonging归属感 [练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The taxi driver often reminds passengers to take their belongings (belong) when they get off the car. ②正是由于我慷慨善良的同学们我才有了归属感。 It is because of my generous and kind­hearted classmates that I feel a sense of belonging． ③我是绘画俱乐部成员，这能让我加深游客对中国文化的了解。(应用文之申请信) I belong to a painting club，which enables me to deepen visitors' understanding of Chinese culture. [点津]　不能用于进行时态和被动语态的短语：①belong to 属于；②date back to/date from追溯到；③consist of包括；④take place发生；⑤originate from起源于。 surround vt.围绕；包围(☞surrounding adj.周围的；附近的☞surroundings n．周围的事物；环境) (1)surround...with...　用……包围/围绕…… be surrounded by/with...　被……包围 (2) the surrounding country 　附近的国家 [练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①In the Ming Dynasty，the center was the Forbidden City, surrounded (surround) in concentric(同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. (2023·浙江卷1月) ②Surrounded (surround) by green trees，the farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school. There is a small river flowing through the farm.(应用文之景点介绍) ③In a word，you are welcome to our school and I hope you can adapt to the new surroundings (surround) soon. ④垃圾污染的问题变得如此严重，世界上许多城市现在都被垃圾包围。(话题写作之环境保护) The problem of garbage pollution is getting so serious that many cities around the world are now being surrounded by garbage． charge n．收费；指控；主管 vt.收费；控告；充电；(向……)冲 (1)in charge　主管；看管 in charge of　掌握；负责 in the charge of　在……掌管之下 take charge of　掌管；负责；控制 free of charge　免费 (2)charge sb for...　因……向某人收费 charge sb with sth　控告某人某事 charge at...　向……冲击；扑向 [练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The shop owner charged me nothing for the noodles，I felt a wave of warmth and gratitude welling up within me. (读后续写之情感描写) ②张着血盆大口，这只凶猛的饿狼突然跳起来，冲向我，就快要一口把我吃掉。(读后续写之动作链描写) Opening its bloody mouth，the fierce hungry wolf sprang to its feet suddenly, charged at me and was about to eat me up in one gulp. ③我将负责一个主题班会，旨在向外国人介绍中国传统文化。(应用文之咨询信)(2021·全国甲卷) I will be in charge of/take charge of a theme class meeting designed to introduce traditional Chinese culture to foreigners. amount n．金额；数量 v．总计，共计； 等于 (1)the amount of...……的数量 (2)“大量/少量的”表达： a large/small amount of＋n.[U]＋v.(单数) large/small amounts of＋n.[U]＋v.(复数) (3)amount to共计，总计；等于，相当于 [练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①a.A large amount of money was spent (spend) on the construction of the school last year. b．Large amounts of money were spent (spend) on the construction of the school last year. ②青少年吃垃圾食品的数量逐年上涨，这逐渐损害了他们的健康。(话题写作之饮食健康) The amount of junk food teenagers eat goes up year by year，which gradually ruins their health. ③暑假期间我总共挣了300美元，这笔钱可以帮助养活我的家人。(2021·浙江卷6月) The money I earned during the summer holiday amounted to 300 dollars，which could help support my family. approach n．方法；途径；接近 vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近 (1)an approach to (doing) sth　 　(做某事的)方法/途径 at the approach of　在快到……的时候 (2)be approaching　正在/将要接近 (3)approach sth/sb　接近某物/某人 [练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The figures of the chart show there are various approaches to learning (learn)English beyond the classroom.(2022·全国乙卷，书面表达) ②As David approached (approach) the finish line，all the runners cheered him on. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷，读后续写) ③随着汽车靠近汤姆，他浑身颤抖，如坐针毡。(读后续写之心理描写) With the bus approaching Tom，he shook all over，feeling like sitting on pins and needles. ④简颤抖着站起来，向丈夫走去，扑进他的怀里，在他的肩膀上哭个不停。(读后续写之动作链描写) Jane got to her feet shakily, approached her husband and threw herself into his arms，sobbing uncontrollably on his shoulders. eager adj.热切的；渴望的(☞eagerly adv.热切地；急切地；热心地☞eagerness n．热切；渴望；热心) (1)be eager to do sth　渴望做某事 be eager for sth　渴望得到某物 (2)with eagerness　热切地；急切地 hide one's eagerness　掩饰某人的渴望 [练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①As soon as we came to the new city，we found ourselves eager to have (have) a taste of local snacks. ②He eagerly (eager) wanted to give a special present to Grandma，but he was short of money. ③我直视着诗人的眼睛，急切地想知道真相。(读后续写之心理描写) I looked at the poet straight in the eyes and wanted to know the truth with eagerness． ④当这个男孩被问及是否想要一个生日礼物的时候，他无法掩饰他的渴望。(读后续写之心理描写) When asked whether he wanted a gift for his birthday, the boy couldn't hide his eagerness． 词形转换和动词形式变化 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷，读后续写) My name was announced (announce) as the winner in the writing contest，and I was invited to attend the award presentation. 2．(2024·沈阳市质量监测) When we finally arrived，we sat in a crowded (crowd) waiting room. 3．(2024·九省联考，读后续写)During the tank sweeps，Maya had been swimming playfully，but now the dolphin stopped suddenly and swam to the back part of the tank where the filter (过滤) box was located (locate). 4．(2022·全国甲卷)Knowing some tips will help ensure (sure)that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter where you are in the world. 5．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The rolling (roll) sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we humans are. 6．Many people at the meeting came from the surrounding (surround) towns，most of whom found the updated report really puzzling (puzzle). 7．Now that they have made great achievements (achieve)，they are looking forward to the celebration eagerly (eager). 8．Without your generosity (generous) and inspiration，I would not have made such striking (strike) progress. 固定用法和搭配 The Chinatown in San Francisco attracts 1.crowds (crowd) of visitors each year. The climate is mild all year round，2.ensuring (ensure) that it is always a good time to visit. Keep your eyes open，and you can have fun exploring the 3.fascinating (fascinate) sights，4.customs (custom) and traditional Chinese culture in real life，such as games of Chinese chess and people practicing tai chi. The stores there offer a unique range of goods as well 5.as clothing. There are Chinese tea shops，where visitors can taste and buy 6.a large amount of Chinese tea. But there is evidence 7.that many tourists are eager 8.to see (see) its traditional dishes from all over China. 熟词生义 1．(2023·全国甲卷，完形填空 ) And the wine was cloudy，in a funny old bottle with no label(标签) on it. adj. (液体) 不透明的， 浑浊的 2．(2021·全国甲卷)Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication，we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.vt.安置；把……放在适当位置 3．The helicopter landed near our camp and its loud noises scared the bear. He looked irritated and charged at us again. vi. 向……冲去 [短语和句型] [对应学生用书P78] break away(from sb/sth)突然离开；脱离；背叛；逃脱 break down (机器等)出故障； (身体) 垮掉，(精神)崩溃； 失败； 分解 break in　 闯入，强行进入 break out　 突然发生 break up　 粉碎； 分裂； (婚姻等)结束 [练透]　用break的相关短语填空/完成句子 ①My dog suddenly broke away from me，charged at the door and began to bark fiercely.(读后续写之动作链描写) ②He was charging his mobile phone when the fire broke out． ③Fred has given me no good reason for being eager to break up our marriage. ④听到这个消息，他崩溃了，眼泪从脸颊流下来。(读后续写之神态描写) He broke down at the news，tears pouring down his cheeks. as well as 同(一样也)；和；还 (1) as well as “既……，又……”，用来连接两个并列成分，后接动词时多用­ing形式； (2)当“A as well as B”结构作主语时，谓语动词应与A在人称和数方面保持一致； (3)as well as...同……一样好； (4) may/might as well do sth做某事也无妨； (5)as well “也”，置于肯定句句末。 [练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Americans are still texting while driving，as well as using (use) social networks and taking photos.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) ②Our headteacher as well as five student representatives was invited (invite) to deliver a speech at yesterday's coming­of­age ceremony. ③她泪如泉涌，心也要碎了。(读后续写之情感描写) Tears welled up in her eyes，and her heart seemed to be torn as well． ④它确实已经帮助我既提高了信心和社交技巧又提高了我的学习成绩。(应用文之报告) It has really helped me to improve my confidence and social skills as well as my school grades． 句型：if条件状语从句的省略形式 if any(如果有的话)是一个省略句，相当于if (there is/are) any... if not　如果不是这样的话 if so　如果是这样的话 if ever　如果曾有的话 if necessary　如果有必要的话 if possible　如果可能的话 教材原句：So what is the difference between them，if any? 如果有的话，那么它们之间有什么区别呢？ [练透]　补全语段/句型转换 ①如果是这样的话，我真诚地邀请你和我的家人一起庆祝中秋节；如果不的话，我会向你推荐一些附近的迷人的景点。请提前告诉我你的决定以便我可以做出进一步的安排。(话题写作之节假日活动) If so，I sincerely invite you to celebrate the Mid­Autumn Day with my family. If not，I will recommend some nearby fascinating scenic spots to you. Please inform me of your decision in advance so that I can make further arrangements. ②If it is necessary，our school will provide the students with the language training courses. →If necessary，our school will provide the students with the language training courses. 句型：with复合结构 with复合结构在句中作状语和定语，其结构为： (1)with＋宾语＋介词短语/形容词/副词； (2)with＋宾语＋doing 表示主动或进行； (3)with＋宾语＋done 表示被动或完成； (4)with＋宾语＋to do 表示将来的动作。 教材原句：The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle. “绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。 [练透]　完成句子/句式升级 ①他脸上洋溢着灿烂的笑容，告诉我他为我的精彩表现感到骄傲。(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷，读后续写) With a broad smile spreading on his face，he told me that he was proud of my wonderful performance. ②玛雅在水箱的边缘，嘴里叼着一把梳子，等着她的食物。(2024·九省联考，读后续写) There was Maya at the edge of the tank with a comb in her mouth waiting for her treat. ③完成了所有的准备工作，他高兴地跳了起来，眼中闪烁着兴奋的光芒。(读后续写之兴奋心理描写) With all the preparations made，he jumped with joy，his eyes glittering with excitement. ④Tom threw himself into his mother's arms and tears of shame and embarrassment welled up in his eyes.(读后续写之心理描写) →Tom threw himself into his mother's arms, with tears of shame and embarrassment welling up in his eyes．(with复合结构) →Tom threw himself into his mother's arms, tears of shame and embarrassment welling up in his eyes．(独立主格结构) 单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级 1．There is growing evidence that people whose diets are rich in vitamins are less likely to develop some types of cancers. 2．All the passengers must have their luggage checked (check) before boarding the plane. 3．Ensure that you get your battery charged (charge) before you set off from your office. 4．为了保持我们安全和健康，我们最好从现在起明智地使用电子设备。(keep＋宾语＋宾补) In order to keep us safe and healthy, we'd better use electronic devices wisely from now on. 5．知道你渴望学习做一道中国菜，我写信给你推荐一道。 Knowing that you're eager to learn to cook a Chinese dish，I'm writing to recommend one to you. 6．Paper cutting has a history of over 1，500 years. Paper cutting belongs to traditional art in China. →Paper cutting belonging to traditional art in China has a history of over 1，500 years. (分词短语作定语) 固定搭配和句式 根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 Learning 1.you are eager to visit Beijing (你渴望来北京游玩)，I'd like to recommend the Summer Palace to you，the most complete royal garden in China. Its main attractions consist of Kunming Lake，Wanshou Hill 2.as well as (也) the 17­Arch Bridge. When you wander around it，you will find 3.it is surprising that the ancient Chinese should have built such striking buildings (古代中国人建造如此引人注目的建筑真是令人惊讶). Ensure that you avoid holidays when 4.it is crowded with visitors (挤满游客). While visiting the palace，5.keep your eyes open (留心)，and you will surely 6.be rewarded with a feast for the eyes (被报以视觉盛宴). 7．If necessary (如果必要的话)，I'm 8.more than willing (非常乐意) to act as your guide. [对应学生用书P79] 　应用文写作运用 推荐信——旅行 Ⅰ.利用本单元所学知识完成/翻译句子 1．得知你对中国古代建筑很感兴趣我很高兴。我热切地向你推荐颐和园。 Delighted to learn you are interested in ancient Chinese architecture，I am eager to recommend the Summer Palace to you. 2．颐和园位于北京西北部，被誉为古代最好的皇家园林之一。 Located in the northwest of Beijing，the Summer Palace is known as one of the best ancient royal gardens. (分词作状语) 3．早在18世纪，它就曾是属于帝王们的避暑胜地。 Dating back to the 18th century，it was once a summer resort belonging to the emperors. (分词短语作定语) 4．颐和园由数百座引人注目的建筑和大厅组成。因此颐和园总是挤满游客。 The palace consists of hundreds of striking buildings and halls. That is why it is always crowded with tourists. 5．如果留心去观察，隐藏在建筑中的中国智慧会令你叹为观止。你可以更好地了解中国历史。 If you keep your eyes open，you will be surprised to find the Chinese wisdom hidden in architecture. You can gain a better understanding of Chinese history. 6．我保证迷人的风景会让你大饱眼福。 I ensure you will feast your eyes on fascinating views. Ⅱ.使用恰当的过渡衔接词连句成篇 Dear Eric， Yours， Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Eric， Delighted to learn you are interested in ancient Chinese architecture，I am eager to recommend the Summer Palace to you. Located in the northwest of Beijing，the Summer Palace is known as one of the best ancient royal gardens. Dating back to the 18th century，it was once a summer resort belonging to the emperors. The palace consists of hundreds of striking buildings and halls. That is why it is always crowded with tourists. If you keep your eyes open，you will be surprised to find the Chinese wisdom hidden in architecture.Furthermore，you can gain a better understanding of Chinese history. I ensure you will feast your eyes on fascinating views. Yours， Li Hua 　续写能力提升 情感 描写 ①eager adj.热切的；渴望的 eagerly adv.热切地；急切地；热心地 ②puzzle n．谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑 puzzling adj.令人困惑的 puzzled adj.感到困惑的 ③fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的 fascinate v．使着迷，使神魂颠倒，迷住 fascinated adj.着迷的 动作 描写 ①conquer vt.占领；征服；控制 ②battle n．战役；搏斗 vi.&vt.搏斗；奋斗 ③charge vt.收费；控告；充电；(向……)冲 ④approach vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近 ⑤roll vi.&vt.(使)翻滚；(使)滚动 n．卷(轴)；翻滚 ⑥roar vi.&n.吼叫；咆哮 ⑦greet vt.问候；迎接 ⑧defence n．防御；保卫 defend v．保护；保卫 ⑨crowd vt.挤满；使……拥挤 ⑩break away (from sb/sth)突然离开；脱离；背叛；逃脱 环境 描写 ①landscape n．(陆上，尤指乡村的)风景 ②scent n．气味；气息 ③dot n．点；小(圆)点 vt.加点；遍布 ④ocean n．大海；海洋 ⑤surround vt.围绕；包围 surrounding adj.周围的；附近的 surroundings n．周围的事物；环境 ⑥location n．地方；地点；位置 located adj.坐落于；位于 请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段并背诵该语段。 1．As we approached the camping site surrounded by mountains (随着我们靠近群山围绕的宿营地)，we had difficulty containing our excitement. On reaching it，my mom opened the door immediately，2.charged outside and eagerly urged us to put up the tent (冲了出去，热切地催促我们搭帐篷). 3.The surrounding fascinating landscape was a true feast for our eyes (周围迷人的风景堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴)，4.with its rolling green trees dotted with various wild flowers (绿树连绵起伏，各色野花点缀其中). We were bathed in the sun and 5.breathed in the sweet scent of fresh flowers (呼吸着鲜花甜美的芬芳). Birds were singing happily 6.as if they were warmly greeting us (好像在热情地迎接我们). My family chatted comfortably，sweet memories of the past crowding in on us. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$