必修第一册 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS（word教参）-【导学教程】2025年英语新编高考大一轮总复习（人教版）

[对应学生用书P33] (一)分类识记单词——用时少·功效高 识记单词·写对 Ⅰ.知其意 1．tornado n.　龙卷风；旋风 2．drought n.　旱灾；久旱 3．landslide n.　(山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡 4．tsunami n.　海啸 5．magnitude n.　(地)震级；重大 6．helicopter n.　直升机 7．crack n.　裂纹；裂缝 vi.&vt.　(使)破裂 8．brick n.　砖；砖块 9．metal n.　金属 10．evacuate vt.　疏散；撤出 vi.　撤离 11．volcano n.　火山 12．hurricane n.　(尤指西大西洋的)飓风 13．pipe n.　管子；管道 14．kit n.　成套工具；成套设备 15．summary n.　总结；概括；概要 Ⅱ.写其形 1．disaster n．灾难；灾害 2．slide vi.&vt.(使)滑行；滑动 3．damage vt.损害；破坏 n．损坏；损失 4．destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭 5. affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动 6．ruin n．& vt.破坏；毁坏 7. electricity n．电；电能 8. bury vt.埋葬；安葬 9．unify vi.&vt.统一；(使)成一体 10．supply n．[pl.]补给品供应(量)；补给 vt.供应；供给 11．tap vi.&vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n．水龙头；轻叩；轻敲 12．whistle vi.吹口哨；发出笛声 vt.吹口哨n.哨子(声)；呼啸声 13. aid n．援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.&vt.(formal)帮助；援助 14．crash vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击 n．撞车；碰撞 15．percent n．百分之…… adj.&adv.每一百中 核心单词·练透 1．(2023·浙江卷1月，应用文)Yuan Longping's intense efforts that feed so many people on Earth struck (打动) me deeply. 2．(2023·全国甲卷)Ask the tourists from around the world that flood (涌入) into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see，and their answer is often the same. 3．(2022·全国甲卷，书面表达)It is my firm belief that only with joint efforts (努力) can we have a better tomorrow. 4．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷，读后续写)When approaching the finish line，he burst into a big toothy smile and waved (挥手)to me with excitement. 5．After he had been trapped (使落入险境) for more than 40 hours，he was saved by a rescue (救援) team. 6．While we were in their home，we helped do a thorough cleaning，sweeping (打扫)the floor and tidying the house. 7．If you are lost in the mountains，stay calm (镇静的) in the face of darkness，loneliness and the unknown. 8．The people in the earthquake area are in need of food，medicine and shelter (避难处). 拓展单词·用活 1．rescue n．& vt. 营救；救援→rescuer n. 救援者 2．revive vt.&vi.复活；(使)苏醒→ revival n．振兴；复苏 3．wise adj.明智的→unwise adj.不明智的→wisdom n．智慧；才智 4．suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n．受难；苦楚；遭难→sufferer n．患难者；受害者；患病者 5．erupt vi.&vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruption n．喷发 6．power n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→powerful adj.强大的；强壮的→powerless adj.无力的 7．deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表→delivery n．投递；送交 8．long adj.长的→length n．长；长度→lengthen v．(使)变长,9.People were shocked to see that the little girl was often beaten by her stepmother.The shocking news shocked all the people around.(shock) 10．Mastering some basic skills would greatly increase your chances of survival．Thanks to the swimming skills，he and his friend succeeded in surviving the terrible flood and they were the only two survivors．(survive) 11．The deadly disease has affected many people and has caused at least 30 deaths up to now.(dead) 12．Yesterday，I climbed the mountain top to breathe the fresh air. Although I became breathless when I was on the top，the breath of fresh air was worth it. (breath) 13．They are the representatives of ancient civilization and the wisdom (wise) of ancient folks. (二)语境记忆短语——不枯燥·兴趣高 记全记牢 1．in ruins严重受损；破败不堪 2．in shock 震惊；吃惊 3．on hand 现有(尤指帮助) 4．dig out 挖掘 5．in the open air露天；在户外 6．sweep away消灭；彻底消除 7．come to an end 结束 8．first aid kit急救箱 9．be trapped in被困在 10．as usual 像往常一样 用准用活 选用左栏短语填空 1．Jogging，walking and cycling in the open air are good ways to make you energetic. 2．Everyone was in shock，thinking the world must be coming to an end． 3．He wants to see me now，but I have so much work on hand that I would rather he came tomorrow than today. 4．Their houses were swept away by the flood，so they had to build new ones. 5．It is no wonder that the whole building is now in ruins; it caught so big a fire last night. ●会积累　联想拓展 名词后缀­th表示性质、状态、动作或结果等 各种“惊讶” “in＋名词”短语面面观 ①length长度 ②strength力量 ③warmth温暖 ④width宽度 ⑤depth深度 ⑥wealth财富 ①astonishing adj.令人惊讶的 ②astonished adj.惊讶的 ③amazing adj.令人吃惊的 ④amazed adj.吃惊的 ⑤shocking adj.令人震惊的 ⑥shocked adj.感到震惊的 ①in trouble在困境中 ②in danger处于危险中 ③in return作为回报 ④in shock震惊；吃惊 ⑤in order井然有序 ⑥in place在适当的位置 (三)仿写用活句式——造佳句·表达高 句式背诵 句式仿写 句型1　too＋形容词＋to...太……而不能…… Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings. 鸡甚至连猪都太紧张而不能进食，狗也不愿意进到室内去。 1.(2023·济南模拟)了解到我为他所做的一切，亨利感动得说不出话来，但他非常高兴能成为我的同学。 Learning what I had done for him，Henry was too moved to say anything but was overjoyed to be my schoolmates. 句型2　be doing sth when...正在做某事，这时(突然)…… I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. 我和我的三个孩子正在吃早餐，这时家里开始灌水。 2.我们正在爬山，这时突然下起了倾盆大雨。 We were climbing the hill when it began to rain cats and dogs. 句型3　as if...似乎/好像…… It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 仿佛世界末日即将来临！ 3.童年的一切一下子涌入我的脑海，仿佛刚刚发生似的。 Everything in my childhood croweded upon my mind as if it had just happened． [核心单词] [对应学生用书P35] affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动(☞affection n．喜爱) (1)be deeply/greatly affected by...　被……深深打动 be affected with...　染上……疾病 (2) show/have an affection for...　喜爱…… (3)have an effect/influence on...　对……有影响 [练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The traffic issue not only affects (affect) our everyday life，but may also threaten people's lives. ②Large amounts of donations have been flooding into the affected (affect)areas. ③得知你由于感染了重病而回爱尔兰，我非常抱歉。 Learning that you have returned to Ireland because you are affected with a serious/severe illness，I am terribly sorry about it. ④总的来说，英文报Youth对我有巨大的影响。我经常被报纸中数不清的感人故事深深感动。(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷，应用文) In summary，the English newspaper Youth affects me greatly/has a great effect on me．I am often deeply affected by countless moving stories in the newspaper. shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克；打击 vt.(使)震惊(☞shocked adj.感到震惊的☞shocking adj.令人震惊的) (1)be a shock to...　对……而言是一件震惊的事 in shock　吃惊地，震惊地 (2)be shocked at sth/that...　对……感到震惊 be shocked to do sth 　因做某事而感到震惊 [练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级 ①Looking at the house which lay in ruins in shock，he called 911 immediately to rescue the injured people who were trapped. ②我吓呆了，觉得自己好像被扔进了一个黑暗的世界。(读后续写之恐惧描写) I froze with shock，feeling as if I had been thrown into a dark world. ③The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in. Elli and I were shocked. →The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in, which shocked Elli and me/which made Elli and me shocked．(定语从句) →What shocked Elli and me was that the bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in.(主语从句) bury vt.(buried，buried，burying)埋葬；安葬；掩埋；隐藏 　　埋头于；专心于 bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面 [练透]　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①David still refused to look at me and his head was buried (bury)in his arms. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷，读后续写) ②With so many people buried (bury) under the ruins，none of the rescue workers would stop to have a rest. ③我每天专心读英文报并获得了丰富多彩的知识。(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷，应用文) a．I bury myself in/am buried in reading the English newspaper every day and I have gained lots of colorful knowledge. b.Buried in reading the English newspaper every day，I have gained lots of colorful knowledge.(分词短语作状语) suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦(☞suffering n．受苦；苦楚；遭难☞sufferer n．患难者；受害者；患病者) suffer a lot of pain 　遭受巨大的痛苦 suffer severe damage　损失惨重 suffer from　遭受；患病 [练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①To our shock，he had become seriously ill，suffering (suffer) great pain and discomfort. ②我的家乡曾饱受糟糕的道路条件和肮脏的环境等问题的困扰。(应用文之投稿) My hometown used to suffer from problems such as poor road conditions and dirty environment. ③生活中总有一些起起伏伏，但是正是苦难让我们更加坚强。(读后续写之主旨升华) There are always some ups and downs in our lives, but it is the suffering that makes us stronger．(强调句) survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过(☞survivor n．幸存者☞survival n．幸存；生还) survive on　靠……存活下来 survive sth　 幸免于；从……中活过来 A survive B (by＋时间) A比B活得长(……) [练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Life isn't about how to survive (survive) the storm；it's about learning to dance in the rain. (读后续写之升华句) ②Although the old lady suffered from a serious illness，she still survived her husband by 5 years. ③Membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of survival (survive) from attacks by predators.(2024·九省联考) ④没有海洋，任何生物都无法生存，包括人类。(2022·全国甲卷，书面表达) Without the oceans，no living things would survive，humans included. effect n．影响；结果；效果；效力(☞effective adj.有效的；有影响的) take effect　生效；见效 come into effect　 生效 have an effect/influence impact/on/upon　对……产生影响 put...into effect　实施；使……生效/起作用 [练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①In fact，children consider this method effective (effect) when others use it.(2022·全国乙卷) ②李白一生创作了大量优秀的诗歌，对中国文化产生了巨大的影响。(应用文之介绍信) During his lifetime，Li Bai wrote a great number of excellent poems，all of which have a great effect/impact/influence on Chinese culture．(定语从句) ③为解决这些问题，希望我的建议不久会付诸实施。(应用文之建议信) Hopefully，my recommendations will soon be put into effect to settle these problems. strike vt.& vi.(struck，struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打；罢工；(时钟等)敲响；擦(火柴)；撞击；给(某人以……)印象；突然想起 n．罢工；罢课；袭击 (1)be struck with/by被……所袭击(感动) It strikes sb that...　某人觉得……；某人突然想起…… sth strikes sb　 某人想到…… (2)be on strike　在罢工 go on strike　举行罢工 [练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The workers are coming out on strike for higher wages，which is a shock to the government. ②被他为我所做的事情所感动，我没能控制住自己，感激的泪水顺着脸颊流下来。(读后续写之心理描写) Struck by/with what he had done for me，I couldn't contain myself，tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks.(分词短语作状语) ③我突然想到我可以通过把我的头塞进南瓜赢得第一名。(2021·浙江卷1月，读后续写) It suddenly struck/hit/occurred to me that I could win the first place by forcing my head inside the pumpkin. ④约翰想到一个促销爆米花的好办法，于是他像一阵风似的冲向伯纳德的家。 A good way to promote popcorn struck/hit/occurred to John and thus，he dashed to Bernard's home like a gust of wind. 词形转换和动词形式变化 1．Two fifths of the buildings were destroyed (destroy) in the earthquake last weekend，leaving (leave) the whole world shocked. 2．To win an honour for his country，he didn't give up even if he got injured in the race, setting (set) a good example to others. 3. Shockingly (shock)，the graceful competitor just smiled calmly (calm) when she learned that no effective (effect) measures had been taken. 4．Up to now food and water have been delivered (deliver) to the disaster­stricken area，where many people surviving (survive) the disaster are in urgent need of help. 5．(2024·武汉模拟)Knowing that you will adjust the broadcast time slot，length (long) and column，I am writing to give my suggestions. 6．(2021·全国甲卷)Once，when trying a certain trick on the beam，I fell onto the stones，damaging (damage) a nerve in my hand. 7．Bitter memories came flooding (flood)back when he drove by the bridge. 8．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)To their relief (relieve)，with the guidance of father，they successfully made the breakfast. 9．(2024·河北省名校联盟联合调研) Trapped (trap) in a net around the rock，the dolphin wasn't able to swim up to get air. 10. Buried (bury) in his book，the athlete didn't notice me when I slid (slide) into the room. 固定用法和搭配 The Alaska earthquake of March 27，1964 was one of the biggest 1.disasters (disaster) in the earth science. As it was a holiday，many people were at home. Everything was going on as usual 2.when people's houses 3.shook (shake). Buildings 4.cracked (crack) and water pipes burst. It lasted more than four minutes and many people were buried under the 5.ruins (ruin)，who waited for rescue workers to come 6.to their rescue. The earthquake left people 7.in shock and destroyed many towns and a great number of people suffered 8.from the disaster. However，they all did everything in their power 9.to rebuild (rebuild) the city. 熟词生义 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷，阅读B)John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? vt. 留存 2．When we visited the old family home，past sweet memories came flooding back. v．大量涌入 3．She was rushed to the hospital after suffering from shock. n．休克 [短语和句型] [对应学生用书P38] in ruins严重受损；破败不堪 (1)lie/be in ruins　成为废墟 be reduced to ruins　沦为废墟 (2)ruin oneself　毁掉自己；自取灭亡 ruin one's fame　毁坏某人的声誉 [练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The earthquake in Tangshan caused great damage，leaving the city in ruins (ruin). ②He made a mistake，ruining (ruin) his chance of going abroad. ③你改变不了过去，但如果你忧虑未来，将会毁了现在。(读后续写之主旨升华) You can't change the past，but you can ruin the present by worrying about the future． 句型：too...to...太……而不能…… (1) too＋ adj./adv. (for sb)＋to do sth结构，表否定的意义，意为“太……而不能……”。 (2)too...to...结构中，too用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词如anxious，eager，glad，happy，pleased，ready，willing等时，不定式则表肯定意义。 (3)can't/can never...too...再怎么……也不过分。 教材原句：Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings. 鸡甚至连猪都太紧张而不能进食，狗也不愿意进到室内去。 [练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①More than half of former host cities for the Winter Olympics will be too hot to host (host) such games by the end of this century. ②He was too eager to know (急于知道) the result of his examination. ③俗话说，活到老学到老。 (读后续写之主旨升华) As the saying goes，it's never too old to learn． ④那个小女孩瘫倒在地，吓得哭不出来。(读后续写之情感描写) The little girl sank to the ground，too frightened to cry． 句型： as if...似乎/好像…… (1)as if/though陈述语气(真实或极有可能发生的情况)。 (2)as虚拟语气(不真实或不可能发生的情况) 虚拟现在：did 虚拟过去：had done 虚拟将来：would/might/could＋do。 教材原句：It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 仿佛世界末日即将来临！ [练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He can speak English very fluently as if he were (be) a native Englishman，so you can talk to him freely. ②Jack wasn't saying anything but the teacher smiled at him as if he had done (do) something very clever. ③树林里很黑，似乎每一簇灌木丛后面都有一头凶猛的野兽。她越这样想就越害怕。(读后续写之心理描写) It is dark in the woods.It seems as if there were a fierce beast behind every bush．The more she thinks of this，the more frightened she is. ④眼泪在眼眶里打转，大卫抬起头，看着我，好像要说什么，但是又垂下了头。(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷，读后续写) Tears swirling in his eyes，David raised his head，looked at me as if he would say something/as if (he was) to say something，but lowered his head once again. 句型：be doing sth when...正在做某事这时(突然)…… 句中when用作并列连词，意为“这时突然”。 when表示“这时突然”之意，还用于以下三种句型： be about to do...when...　正要做……突然…… be on the point of doing...when...　正要做……突然…… had (just) done...when...　刚做完……这时突然…… 教材原句：I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. 我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭突然水开始涌入家中。 [练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I was searching (search)the Internet for the relevant information when my cellphone rang. ②他们正要在户外搭起帐篷，这时一声响亮的口哨声把他们吓坏了。(读后续写之情感描写) They were on the point of putting up the tent in the open air when a loud whistle frightened them． ③妈妈刚睡醒，就闻到一阵食物诱人的味道。(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷，读后续写) Mother had just woken up when she smelt an inviting smell of food. 单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译 1．Everyone was in shock，thinking the world must be coming to an end. 2．Happiness and success often come to those who are good at recognizing their own strengths. 3．Some children were sliding (slide) on the ice happily when they heard someone crying for help. 4．(2023·汕头三模)今天，我很荣幸能在这里发表题为《劳动最美》的演讲。 Today，I'm so honored to be here and deliver the speech titled “ The Fruit of Labor Is Sweetest. ” 5．此外，这次竞争将会给你提供一个机会，帮助你发展创造力，与志同道合的同学建立友谊。 ①Moreover，the competition will supply/provide you with a chance to develop your creativity and build friendship with other students who share the same interest with you. ②Moreover，the competition will supply a chance to you to develop your creativity and build friendship with other students who share the same interest with you. 6．一阵恐慌席卷了她，但她强迫自己平静地离开了房间。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写) ① A wave of panic swept over her，but she forced herself to leave the room calmly. ② A burst of panic flooded over her，but she forced herself to leave the room calmly. 固定搭配和句式 根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 Dear Sir/Madam， 1．I'm writing to express my thanks for your timely rescue (我写信感谢你的及时救援)，without which my life couldn't return to normal. A few days ago，2.an extremely frightening earthquake struck my hometown (一场极其可怕的地震袭击了我的家乡)，leaving many houses in ruins. 3.Shocked (shock)to find everything buried under the fallen houses，I burst into tears .4.It seemed as if the world was at an end (世界似乎到了尽头). Thankfully，although you were strangers，you 5.spared no efforts to (不遗余力) provide enough food and water for us to survive on. With strong support from the government and your generous aid，a new town was built upon the earthquake 6.ruins (ruin). I can't express my gratitude too much. Yours sincerely， Li Hua [对应学生用书P40] 　应用文写作运用 感谢信——感谢志愿者灾后救援 Ⅰ.利用本单元所学知识完成/翻译句子 1．我是李华，谨代表我校写信对你们的努力和帮助表示真诚的感谢。否则我们的城市可能会遭受更大的破坏。 I'm Li Hua，writing on behalf of our school to express our sincere appreciation for your efforts and aid. Otherwise，our city could have suffered more damage. (虚拟语气) 2．令人震惊的是，重庆受高温和干旱袭击，导致烈火发生。 Shockingly，high temperature and drought struck our city，leaving violent wildfires breaking out. (分词短语作结果状语) 3．你们来了，及时提供了援助。 You came and offered timely rescue. 4．尽管许多志愿者极其疲惫，依然专心于运送物资。 Extremely tired though a number of volunteers were，they were still buried in delivering supplies. (倒装句) 5．正是你们不懈的努力和决心结束了这次自然灾害。 It was your efforts and determination that put an end to the natural disaster. (强调句) 6．我们被你们深深感动，我们决定竭尽全力使我们的城市更美好。 Deeply affected by you，we are determined to go to great lengths/do everything in our power to make our city better. (分词短语作状语) Ⅱ.使用恰当的过渡衔接词连句成篇 Dear volunteers， Yours， Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear volunteers， I'm Li Hua，writing on behalf of our school to express our sincere appreciation for your efforts and aid. Otherwise，our city could have suffered more damage. Shockingly，high temperature and drought struck our city，leaving violent wildfires breaking out.Thankfully，you came and offered timely rescue. Extremely tired though a number of volunteers were，they were still buried in delivering supplies. Additionally，it was your efforts and determination that put an end to the natural disaster. Deeply affected by you，we are determined to go to great lengths/do everything in our power to make our city better. Yours， Li Hua 　续写能力提升 情感 描写 ①shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊 ②in shock震惊；吃惊 ③calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静 动作 描写 ①slide vi.&vt.(使)滑行；滑动 ②flood vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没 ③rescue n．& vt.营救；救援 ④trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱 ⑤tap vi.&vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 ⑥effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 ⑦aid n．援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.&vt.帮助；援助 ⑧crash vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击 n．撞车；碰撞 ⑨sweep vt.&vi.打扫；清扫 ⑩wave n．海浪；波浪 vi.&vt.挥手；招手 ⑪suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 ⑫survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过 请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段并背诵该语段。 1．With my head trapped in the huge pumpkin (我的头陷入大南瓜里)，I 2.was in such shock that (如此震惊以至于) my throat tightened and my knees felt weak，various terrible thoughts 3.flooding into my mind (涌入我的心头). I 4.made every effort to pull my head out of it (努力把头从南瓜里拔出来)，but in vain. 5.Ignoring what I was suffering (不顾我正遭受的事情)，my brother should tap the huge pumpkin，giggling. Grinning from ear to ear，my father 6.came to my aid (来帮助我)，saying comfortably，“Keep calm！” I was successfully rescued and 7.a wave of gratitude washed over me (一阵感激之情向我袭来)，tears rolling down my cheeks，like a broken line of beads. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$