专题08 中考科普知识类阅读-【查漏补缺】2024年中考英语复习冲刺过关（江苏专用）

专题08 中考科普知识类阅读 知识点一：科普知识类阅读特征 这类文章的词汇和句式的运用较别的体裁的文章难度更大。词汇运用灵活，同一词的不同词性的用法交替出现，不过考生可以通过这类文体的语言特点来帮助理解语篇，例如，同位语、下定义、解释、举例、同义词、反义词、上下义词以及标点符号(如破折号、冒号都有表示解释和说明)等猜测语义。 寻找所需信息，如年代、数字、人名、地名等，把握住关键词，利用语法过渡词、语气转折词及时态等，抓住文章脉络。 寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。每段的主题句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析)一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。而整篇文章的主题句往往隐藏在首段或尾段。 这类题型在选择项中错误多以干扰项出现，干扰项多属文中某个具体事实或细节、从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论或者是非文章事实的主观臆断。 做题时不要脱离原文只凭自已的想象混乱推理或只凭常识推理;答案一定在文章中找到依据或理由，分析材料所提供的全部事实。另外要重视文章的主旨，所选答案的内容一定不能脱离主题大意。 知识点二：科普知识类阅读的考察方向 ①实验、研究的目的（The main purpose of the study is to find out _________.） ②作者或者某个文中人物的观点态度（What is the writer’s attitude (态度) towards…….?） ③文章采用的写作手法（How does the writer organize the ideas in the article?） ④最佳标题题（What’s the best title of the article?） 类型1：实验、研究的目的 D Pet parrots that are allowed to make video calls to other birds show signs of feeling less isolated, according to scientists. The study, which involved giving the birds a computer that they could use to make video calls, found that they began to engage in more social behaviors including preening, singing and playing. The birds were given a choice of which “friend” to call on a touchscreen computer and the study showed that the parrots that called other birds most often were the most popular choices. Ilyena Hirskyj-Douglas, of the University of Glasgow and a co-author of the study, said that video calls had helped many people feel less isolated in the last few years. She added, “There are 20 million parrots living in people’s homes in the USA, and we wanted to explore whether those birds might benefit (受益) from video calling too. If we gave them the chance to call other parrots, would they choose to do so, and would the experience benefit the parrots and their caregivers?” Their study of 18 pet parrots suggested that there were, indeed, benefits for the birds. In the wild, many species of parrots live in large groups, but as pets they are, kept alone or in a small group. Living alone can cause birds, to develop mental problems, which in