主题语境34 地球与宇宙奥秘探索-【创新教程】2025年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业word（英语话题）

主题语境34　地球与宇宙奥秘探索 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·安徽高三试题)For children, space is magical—a whole world is out there, with so many things to learn and stories to read. Here are some children's books about space and the solar system. Mae among the Stars by Stasia Burrington This beautifully illustrated picture book is attractive to young kids. It was inspired by the first African American woman in space, Mae Jemison. It tells the story of Mae as a little girl, who always knew she had big dreams about space. This is a great addition to a young kid's collection, as a reminder to hold tight to dreams and never give up. Space by Libby Jackson This beautifully illustrated book gives kids a look at 50 women from around the world who were involved in exploring space in some way, from the 19th century to the present day. This is a perfect gift for young kids who want to know more about some of the lesser­known scientific achievements related to space exploration. Chasing Space by Leland Melvin This is Melvin's story about being a football player­turned­astronaut, along with his recovery from an injury that nearly left him deaf. Kids will love reading his story about how he faced challenges and advanced ahead, and he also includes DIY experiments for kids to try, and a section of full­color photographs. System and Beyond by David A．Aguilar The book is full of beautiful illustrations of space, and is perfect for kids of all ages, exploring various planets and the solar system. Unlike other kids' space book, this is a National Geographic book written and illustrated by an award­winning astronomer and space artist. Aguilar is also the former Director of Science Information and Public Outreach at the Harvard­Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. 1．What do Mae among the Stars and Space have in common? A．They include less­known astronauts. B．They tell about scientists' childhood. C．They cover women exploring space. D．They are suitable for children of all ages. 2．Whose book attracts children showing interest in experiments? A．Stasia Burrington's. B．Libby Jackson's. C．Leland Melvin's. D．David A．Aguilar's. 3．What is unique to System and Beyond? A．It has beautiful pictures. B．It tells about space artists. C．It has won many grand awards. D．It was written by an astronomer. [语篇解读]　本文为一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本关于太空和太阳系的儿童读物。 1．C　[推理判断题。根据Mae among the Stars by Stasia Burrington的第二、三句“It was inspired by the first African American woman in space, Mae Jemison. It tells the story of Mae as a little girl, who always knew she had big dreams about space.”，而Space by Libby Jackson的第一句“This beautifully illustrated book gives kids a look at 50 women from around the world who were involved in exploring space in some way, from the 19th century to the present day.”可知，《星际漫游》和《太空漫游》的共同之处是：它们都涉及到那些探索太空的女性。] 2．C　[推理判断题。根据Chasing Space by Leland Melvin的“Kids will love reading his story about how he faced challenges and advanced ahead, and he also includes DIY experiments for kids to try, and a section of full­color photographs. ”可知，对实验感兴趣的孩子会被Leland Melvin的书所吸引。] 3．D　[细节理解题。根据System and Beyond by David A．Aguilar的“Unlike other kids' space book, this is ... at the Harvard­Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. ”可知，这本《系统及其他》与其他读物的不同之处是作者本人的身份是天文学家，能为读者提供专家的观点和对主题的见解。] B (2024·广州高三调研)At least since the first manned missions to the moon in the 1960s and early 1970s, the general belief had been that the moon was totally dry. Then, about three years ago, several lunar missions showed that's not absolutely true. Some lunar soil contains very small amounts of water molecules (分子). But where did the water on the moon come from? Answering that question can help us understand the moon's history and evolution, and allow future engineers to potentially use this resource when building a sustainable moon base. Chinese scientists have discovered that minerals in lunar soil might have got water from solar wind, which bombards (轰击) the moon's surface with hydrogen ions (氢离子), according to a study published in the journal Nature Communications. The study found that lunar minerals may contain water content up to 179 ppm. One ppm of water would produce around 1 gram of water per ton of soil. The latest study confirms the estimates from the previous research, and those lunar minerals could contain even more water. Moreover, the new study identified solar wind as a key mechanism (运行机制) for the existence of the water on the moon's surface. Solar wind resulted in at least 170 ppm of water content in lunar samples gathered by the Chang'e­5 mission. Scientists around the world now propose three sources of the water on the moon: that it was created in the moon's interior when it was full of volcanic activity, that it comes from solar wind, and that it was brought by comets and meteoroids crashing into the lunar surface. Lunar samples collected during the Chang'e­5mission may hold the keys to answering these questions, since they are much younger than the ones collected by previous moon missions. Because of this, the water content in the Chinese samples has had less time to be influenced by other factors, making these samples ideal for studying the moon's water. 4．What did people generally believe before the 1970s? A．The earth was going around the moon. B．Some lunar soil contained water. C．Engineers knew the moon's history. D．There was no water on the moon. 5．What have Chinese scientists confirmed in their studies? A．Solar wind could result in the water on the moon. B．Other planets brought water to the moon. C．The water on the moon was created in volcanoes. D．The water on the moon is being used on the moon base. 6．Why is the water content in the Chinese samples ideal for studying the moon's water? A．It has been less influenced by other factors. B．It contains more water than those collected before. C．It is the youngest sample influenced by the solar wind. D．It was taken from the moon's interior and less polluted. 7．What's the main idea of the passage? A．China's lunar samples contained most water from the moon. B．Studies on how water got on the moon are still proceeding. C．The water on the moon reflects the moon's history and evolution. D．Scientists are debating over the resource of the water on the moon. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大约三年前执行的几次登月任务证明月球并非一片干涸，有些月壤含有微量的水分子。中国科学家们从嫦娥五号任务带回的月壤样本中发现月球上的水可能是受到太阳风的影响而形成的。 4．D　[细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，自20世纪60年代和70年代初的第一批月球探索以来，人们普遍认为月球是干涸的星球，即月球上没有水。] 5．A　[细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“Chinese scientists have discovered...from solar wind”可知，中国科学家通过研究发现，月球上的水可能是受到太阳风的影响而形成的。] 6．A　[细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“Because of this，the water content in the Chinese samples has had less time to be influenced by other factors，making these samples ideal for studying the moon's water.”可知，中国收集到的月壤样本对研究月球上存在的水至关重要，是因为它们的含水量受其他因素影响的时间较少。] 7．B　[主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段以及最后一段可知，对月壤中水分的研究方兴未艾，继续深入研究将对人类进一步了解月球意义重大。] C The new Webb telescope has discovered what appear to be galaxies (星系) that date back to within 600 million years of the Big Bang. The six newly discovered objects suggest that the early universe may have been developing unexpectedly fast to produce these huge galaxies. While the new telescope has spotted even older galaxies, dating to within 300 million years of the beginning of the universe, it's the size of these six galaxies that shock the researchers. “Most galaxies in this era are still small and only gradually growing larger over time，” lead researcher Ivo Labbe of Australia's Swinburne University of Technology said. “But these six galaxies are fast­tracking_to_maturity. Why this is the case or how this works is unknown.” According to the report, which was published in the journal Nature on Wednesday, each of the six objects weighs billions of times more than our sun. In one of them, the total weight of all its stars may be as much as 100 billion times greater than our sun. The Pennsylvania State University's Joel Leja, who also took part in the study, said, “What we found is so unexpected that it actually creates problems for science and it might call the whole picture of early galaxy formation into question.” These galaxy observations were among the first set of data from the $10 billion Webb telescope, which was just launched over a year ago. Unlike Hubble, the bigger and more powerful Webb can see through clouds of dust with its infrared (红外的) vision and discover galaxies previously undetected. Scientists hope to eventually observe the first stars and galaxies formed following the creation of the universe 13.8 billion years ago. The researchers are still waiting for official confirmation. “It's possible that a few of the objects might not be galaxies, but black holes. One early lesson from Webb is to let go of our expectations and be ready to be surprised，” Labbe said. “Next year it will tell us.” 8．What is special about the six newly detected objects? A．Their age.　　　 B．Their color. C．Their size. D．Their shape. 9．What do the underlined words “fast­tracking to maturity” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Turning quickly. B．Circling smoothly. C．Travelling fast. D．Growing rapidly. 10．What can we learn about the two telescopes? A．Hubble can see further than Webb. B．Webb is more powerful than Hubble. C．Webb is much cheaper than Hubble. D．Hubble is relatively bigger than Webb. 11．What does Ivo Labbe mean in the last paragraph? A．The data might not be complete. B．The researchers will be disappointed. C．He does not agree with Joel Leja. D．The new Webb telescope is unreliable. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了韦伯太空望远镜最近发现的六个疑似星系。 8．C　[细节理解题。第二段提到“While the new telescope has spotted even older galaxies, dating to within 300 million years of the beginning of the universe, it's the size of these six galaxies that shock the researchers.”可知，这六个星系的大小尺寸是其特别之处，因此让研究人员震惊。] 9．D　[词义猜测题。第一段提到“The six newly discovered objects suggest that the early universe may have been developing unexpectedly fast to produce these huge galaxies.”及划线词前“Most galaxies in this era are still small and only gradually growing larger over time, ... But...”可推断，fast­tracking to maturity(快速走向成熟)与developing unexpectedly fast(快速发展)及Growing rapidly(迅速生长)所表达的意思相同。] 10．B　[细节理解题。第六段提到“Unlike Hubble, the bigger and more powerful Webb can see through clouds of dust with its infrared (红外的) vision and discover galaxies previously undetected.”可知，韦伯望远镜比哈勃望远镜更强大。] 11．A　[推理判断题。第五段最后一句提到“What we found is so unexpected that it actually creates problems for science and it might call the whole picture of early galaxy formation into question.”第六段提到“These galaxy observations were among the first set of data from...”及最后一段“One early lesson from Webb is to let go of our expectations and be ready to be surprised，”可知，韦伯望远镜观测的结果受到了质疑。由此推知，Ivo Labbe担心第一批数据可能不完整。] D With lunar exploration rocketing, it poses many challenges. Among them is a fundamental question metrologists (计量学家)worldwide are working to answer：what time is it on the Moon? The Moon doesn't currently have an independent time. Each lunar mission uses its own timescale to coordinated universal time, or UTC—the standard against which the earth's clocks are set. The approach works when the Moon hosts a handful of independent missions, but it will be a problem when there are multiple craft working together. Space agencies will also want to track them using satellite navigation, which relies on precise timing signals. The most pressing need for lunar time comes from plans to create a dedicated global navigation satellite system (GNSS) for the Moon. To tackle this problem, representatives of space agencies and academic organizations worldwide met in November 2022 to start drafting recommendations on how to define lunar time. Defining lunar time is not simple. According to the Special Theory of Relativity, clocks tick slower in stronger gravitational fields. The Moon's gravitational pull is weaker than Earth's, meaning a lunar clock would run faster than an Earth one. Defining a lunar standard, with which all clocks are compared, will involve installing at least three master clocks that tick at the Moon's natural pace, and whose output is combined by an algorithm (算法)to generate a more accurate virtual' timepiece. What happens then depends on which option metrologists choose. They might decide to base lunar time on UTC.The alternative would be to use the synthesized (同步)output of the lunar atomic clocks as the Moon's own independent, continuous time, and to track its relationship to UTC.That way, even if the connection with Earth is lost, clocks on the Moon will still agree with each other, allowing safe navigation and communications. Setting lunar time is part of a much bigger picture. It will one day work for the more­distant planets that space agencies are ultimately targeting, such as Mars. 12．What's the main idea of Paragraph 2? A．The working principle of UTC. B．The achievements of space mission. C．The urgency to develop satellite navigation. D．The problem of current lunar timing method. 13．What is the major barrier to defining lunar time? A．Lack of professional guidance. B．The disagreement among metrologists. C．Different gravitational pull on the Moon. D．The complexity of installing master clocks. 14．What's the advantage of defining the Moon's independent time? A．Keeping the clocks on the Moon corresponding. B．Preventing spacecraft losing connection with the Earth. C．Helping humans land on the more­distant planets. D．Making it easier to synchronize with UTC all the time. 15．What's the best title of the text? A．What Time Is It on the Moon? B．When will Man Settle on the Moon? C．Lunar exploration：A Career Bound to Revive D．GNSS：A More Precise Lunar Tracking System [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了设定月球时间的必要性和挑战以及设定月球时间的方案。 12．D　[段落大意题。根据第二段中的“The approach works when the Moon hosts a handful of independent missions, but it will be a problem when there are multiple craft working together. Space agencies will also want to track them using satellite navigation, which relies on precise timing signals.”可知，当多个飞船共同工作时，当前的月球计时方法就出现了问题，而且航天机构依赖精确的时间来跟踪飞船，这样月球计时会产生很多问题。因此本段介绍了当前月球计时方法存在的问题。] 13．C　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Defining lunar time is not simple. According to the Special Theory of Relativity, clocks tick slower in stronger gravitational fields. The Moon's gravitational pull is weaker than Earth's, meaning a lunar clock would run faster than an Earth one.”可知，设定月球时间的障碍是月球上的引力。] 14．A　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The alternative would be to use the synthesized (同步)output of the lunar atomic clocks as the Moon's own independent, continuous time, and to track its relationship to UTC.That way, even if the connection with Earth is lost, clocks on the Moon will still agree with each other, allowing safe navigation and communications.”可知，设定月球独立的时间后，即使失去与地球的联系，月球上的时间始终是保持一致的。] 15．A　[标题归纳题。根据首段“With lunar exploration rocketing, it poses many challenges. Among them is a fundamental question metrologists (计量学家)worldwide are working to answer：what time is it on the Moon？”以及下文中分析设定月球时间的必要性和挑战以及方案可知，本文主要是围绕着设定独立的月球时间展开的，因此A项“月球上几点了”与主题内容吻合。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (2024·山东枣庄市高三模拟)The gradual heating of Earth's surface, oceans and atmosphere is primarily caused by human activity. We burn fossil fuels, and pump carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. These gases act like a greenhouse.____1____ Already, the consequences of global warming are measurable and visible.____2____Lakes around the world are warming rapidly——in some cases faster than the surrounding environment. Animals are changing migration patterns, and plants are budding their leaves_earlier in the spring and dropping them later in the fall. One of the most immediate and obvious consequences of global warming is the increase in temperatures around the world. The average global temperature has increased by 0.8℃ over the past 100 years, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.____3____That year, Earth's surface temperature was 0.99℃ warmer than the average across the entire 20th century. 4____We have more unpredictable extreme weather. These extremes come in different flavors. One effect can be colder­than­normal winters. Changes in climate can cause the boundary between the cold North Pole air and the warm equatorial air to migrate south.____5____This is why some areas can have a sudden cold snap or colder­than­normal winter, even during the long­term trend of global warming. A．That will bring with it cold, Arctic air. B．They trap in heat and cause global warming. C．An immediate consequence is freezing weather. D．Our Earth is heating up, and heating up quickly. E．Ice is melting in both polar ice caps and mountain glaciers. F．Since 1895, the hottest year on record worldwide was 2016. G．As global average temperatures go up, weather patterns are changing. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了全球变暖给人类带来如温度上升和极端天气等一系列的难以预料的结果。 1．B　[上文“These gases act like a greenhouse.”说明了这些气体和温室的作用相似，B项“它们困住热量并且导致全球变暖”正是对温室作用的解释说明，是对上文内容的承接。] 2．E　[上文“Already, the consequences of global warming are measurable and visible.”说明了下文要介绍全球变暖产生的后果，E项“极地冰盖和山地冰川的冰都在融化”就是对全球变暖的结果的举例说明。] 3．F　[下文“That year, Earth's surface temperature was 0.99℃ warmer than the average across the entire 20th century.”中的“That year”指代的是F项“自1895年以来，全球有记录以来最热的年份是2016年”中的“2016”，下文是对F项内容的解释说明，解释了2016年成为自1895年以来最热的一年的原因。] 4．G　[下文“We have more unpredictable extreme weather. ”说明了极端天气的出现是我们始料未及的，G项“随着全球平均气温的上升，天气模式正在发生改变”是为了引出下文，说明天气模式的改变是向极端天气转变。] 5．A　[下文“This is why some areas can have a sudden cold snap or colder­than­normal winter, even during the long­term trend of global warming.”和A项“那将会带来寒冷的北极空气”构成因果关系，是对北极空气带来的结果的解释说明。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$