主题语境32 自然灾害与防范，安全常识与自我保护-【创新教程】2025年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业word（英语话题）

第三部分 人与自然 主题群九 灾害防范 主题语境32　自然灾害与防范，安全常识与自我保护 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·山西吕梁市高三检测)Every morning in a city in Indonesia's far east, sleepy teenagers can be seen walk slowly and with heavy steps through the streets on their unwilling way to school. It is not a scene from some sci­fi movie but a controversial experiment to get the day off to a much earlier start for the sleep­deprived (缺乏睡眠的) teens. The pilot project in Kupang has twelfth­graders at 10 high schools start classes at 5：30 am. Authorities say the project is intended to heighten children's discipline. According to parents, though, their children are worn out by the time they get home. Schools in Indonesia generally start between 7：00 and 8：00 am. Teens in their school uniforms are now walking down dark streets or waiting for motorcycle taxis to get to school on time. “It is extremely difficult and they now have to leave home while it's still completely dark. I can't accept this, for their safety is not guaranteed when it's dark and quiet.” Rambu Ata, a mother to a 16­year­old, said, whose daughter Eureka now has to wake up at 4：00 am to get ready and ride a motorbike to school. “Now every time Eureka arrives home she is exhausted and falls asleep immediately.” At least one scholar seems to agree. “It has no connection with the effort to improve the quality of education，” Marsel Robot, an education expert from Nusa Cendana University. “In the long run, sleep deprivation could endanger the students' health and cause a shift in behaviour. They will only sleep for a few hours and this is a serious risk for their health. This also will cause them stress and they will release their stress by acting out.” A 2014 study published by the American Academy of paediatrics (儿科学) recommended that middle and high schoolers start classes at 8：30 am or later to allow enough time for sleep. The Kupang rule change was also challenged by local politicians, who demanded the government cancel what they called a baseless policy. 1．What is the purpose of the pilot project? A．To punish students' mistakes. B．To let students learn more knowledge. C．To deprive students of sleep. D．To strengthen students' self­control. 2．What does Ata think of the project? A．Controversial.　　 B．Unacceptable. C．Uncontrollable. D．Critical. 3．What is Robot's concern? A．Students' safety. B．The stress of parents. C．Students' health. D．The quality of education. 4．What's the best title for the text? A．An Unpopular Move for Teens to Start School at 5：30 am B．Some Problems Existing Among Indonesia's Teenagers C．An Unsuccessful Experiment Concerning Safety D．The Popularity of a Pilot Project in Kupang [语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了印度尼西亚的古邦市让学生5：30上学，这引起了人们的争议。 1．D　[细节理解题。根据第三段“Authorities say the project is intended to heighten children's discipline.”可知，当地政府的试点项目是为了加强孩子们的自制力。] 2．B　[推理判断题。根据第四段“I can't accept this, for their safety is not guaranteed when it's dark and quiet.”可推断，Ata认为这个项目让人难以接受。] 3．C　[细节理解题。根据第六段“In the long run, sleep deprivation could endanger the students' health and cause a shift in behaviour. They will only sleep for a few hours and this is a serious risk for their health.”可知，Robot担忧学生的健康问题。] 4．A　[标题归纳题。根据第二段“It is not a scene from some sci­fi movie but a controversial experiment to get the day off to a much earlier start for the sleep­deprived (缺乏睡眠的) teens. The pilot project in Kupang has twelfth­graders at 10 high schools start classes at 5：30 am.”结合文章主要介绍了印度尼西亚的古邦市让学生5：30上学，这引起了人们的争议。故A项“不受欢迎的举措：让青少年在早上五点半开始上学”能够概括本文的主题。] B (2024·哈尔滨高三试题)Even though people have been disabled playing sports like rugby and football, extreme sports take the whole ordeal (磨难) to the next level. Sports like downhill cycling are very dangerous because one would be going downhill, over rocky or dirt zones, through forests, even at potentially deadly speeds. A slip­up could be your downfall. Nobody who gets into extreme sports goes with the desire to do harm to themselves. With that, athletes train for years and years before they attempt anything extreme. To most people, extreme sports are extreme simply because they take more skill than what an average person has. An athlete with skill and training makes an extreme thing become a daily routine.That does not wipe out the danger, but it greatly reduces it. Even when there is a lot of skill involved, things might not go the athlete's way, not at all. Luck and circumstances have a lot to do with how things develop, whether above 8, 000 meters or in a wood, going downhill. In some places, crossing the street is an extreme sport, considering how wild traffic can get. Some view parkour, the sports of running, jumping and climbing under, around and through buildings, as an extreme sport, while it is more of a life philosophy, where the athlete does not have to do anything remotely dangerous. Free soloing, which means climbing a rock or ice face without safety gear, is absolutely deadly, where one slip means almost certain death, depending on the height, of course. Skateboarding is relatively safe, but if you constantly find ridiculous places to practice on, like the fence of a bridge, then things can get very complicated. The extreme part depends on the athlete. To summarize, yes, extreme sports are dangerous, but the danger depends on the athlete, their choice of sport, direction in which they take it, as well as the circumstances. Some things are out of reach of our control, while others we can influence through exercise and healthier risk choices. 5．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about regarding extreme sports? A．Extreme sports differ from one another. B．Skill matters a lot in maintaining safety. C．Athletes' luck is a key factor that influences safety. D．Extreme sports are more dangerous than regular sports. 6．Why are several extreme sports listed in Paragraph 4? A．To explain danger depends on the athlete. B．To show free soloing is the most dangerous. C．To compare which one involves the most skill. D．To demonstrate how to choose an extreme sport. 7．What is the author's attitude towards the danger of extreme sports? A．Objective.　　　 B．Doubtful. C．Intolerant. D．Unconcerned. 8．Which of the following is the best title of the text? A．Do Extreme Sports Test Your Courage? B．Why Should Extreme Sports Be Banned? C．Are Extreme Sports Really That Dangerous? D．Why Do We Take to Extreme Sports So Much? [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了作者对于极限运动危险性的认识。 5．B　[段落大意题。根据第二段中的“To most people, extreme sports are extreme simply because they take more skill than what an average person has. An athlete with skill and training makes an extreme thing become a daily routine. That does not wipe out the danger, but it greatly reduces it.”可知，第二段主要讨论了在极限运动中，运动员的技巧在保障自身安全的过程中是非常重要的。] 6．A　[推理判断题。根据第四段“Some view parkour, the sports of running, jumping and climbing under, around and through buildings, as an extreme sport, while ...Skateboarding is relatively safe, but if you constantly find ridiculous places to practice on, like the fence of a bridge, then things can get very complicated. The extreme part depends on the athlete.”可推知，在第四段中，列举了几种极限运动来解释危险取决于运动员。] 7．A　[观点态度题。根据最后一段“To summarize, yes, extreme sports are dangerous, but the danger depends on the athlete, their choice of sport, direction in which they take it, as well as the circumstances. Some things are out of our reach of control, while others we can influence through exercise and healthier risk choices.”可推知，作者对极限运动的看法是客观的。] 8．C　[标题归纳题。根据最后一段“To summarize, yes, extreme sports are dangerous, but the danger depends on the athlete, their choice of sport, direction in which they take it, as well as the circumstances. Some things are out of our reach of control, while others we can influence through exercise and healthier risk choices.”及前文论述可知，作者认为极限运动的危险和很多因素都有关，不能简单地把极限运动和危险等同起来。由此可知，Are Extreme Sports Really That Dangerous？(极限运动真的那么危险吗？)适合作本文最佳标题。] Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·山东青岛模拟)The victims were carried in one by one，their paws and fur burned，suffering from dehydration(脱水)and fear.Their caretakers__1__ their wounds，and __2__ them in baskets with the only thing that was__3__——the leaves of eucalyptus(桉树)tree.As miserable fires have__4__ more than 2 million acres in Australia，only dozens of koalas have been __5__ from the smoky trees and __6__ ground. Koalas，unlike kangaroos，birds or snakes，do not __7__ from fires but instead climb trees to the top，where they can curl themselves into a ball for __8__ and wait for the danger to __9__. But during big fires，such as those that have burned in recent weeks，the animals are far less likely to__10__.Even if the fire itself does not reach the tree__11__ ，the animals may over heat and fall to the ground，where they can be burned to death. The tough situation of the koala has raised __12__among scientists and conservationists(环保主义者)．While koalas have developed to exist alongside the wildfires，they are facing new __13__，not just from climate change but also from human development，which has dislocated Koalas' populations，__14__their ability to survive fires. We have these __15__ animals not found anywhere else on this planet，and we are killing them. This is a big wake­up call. 1．A.touched　　　　　 B．treated C．ignored D．discovered 2．A.threw B．locked C．laid D．forced 3．A.familiar B．plentiful C．beautiful D．expensive 4．A.reached B．left C．burned D．trapped 5．A.killed B．recognized C．hurt D．rescued 6．A.flat B．black C．broad D．safe 7．A.escape B．die C．suffer D．rise 8．A.balance B．protection C．challenge D．comfort 9．A.attack B．come C．pass D．avoid 10．A.jump B．climb C．fall D．survive 11．A.top B．leaves C．trunk D．root 12．A.passion B．concern C．fear D．interest 13．A.chances B．choices C．neighbors D．threats 14．A.weakening B．developing C．enriching D．ensuring 15．A.lonely B．stupid C．lazy D．unique [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了澳大利亚的一场大火造成许多动物受伤，其中考拉伤亡严重，这次火灾警示世人保护动物。 1．B　[由上文可知它们被火烧伤了，根据关键词caretakers，可知是对伤口进行治疗。] 2．C　[它们受伤了，医护人员治疗后会小心地放入篮子里。] 3．A　[由下文可知这些受伤的动物是考拉，故它们对桉树的叶子是熟悉的。] 4．C　[由miserable fires可知是燃烧。] 5．D　[由上文护理人员治疗考拉，可知是考拉从大火中被营救。] 6．B　[由上文可知，火灾十分严重，树木烟雾弥漫，大地被烧焦，因此是黑色的。] 7．A　[由下文可知，考拉爬到树顶保护自己，因此说它们不像袋鼠、鸟类或者蛇那样能从火灾中逃脱。] 8．B　[在大火中，它们爬上树顶，蜷缩成一团是为了保护自己。] 9．C　[考拉不像袋鼠、鸟类或者蛇那样逃脱，它们只能爬上树顶，蜷缩成团，等着火灾的结束。] 10．D　[由下文可知，即使火没有烧到树顶，动物们也会因为温度过热掉落到地上，被烧死。所以是很难存活。] 11．A　[由前文可知，考拉是爬到树顶躲避大火。] 12．B　[考拉遭遇了火灾，科学家和环保主义者应该是担忧的。] 13．D　[上文提到的野火对考拉来说是生存的威胁，可知下文提到气候变化，人类发展是它们面对的新的威胁。] 14．A　[由上文可知，人类的发展是考拉新面对的威胁，带来的是不好的影响，因此是削弱了生存的能力。] 15．D　[由下文“not found anywhere else on this planet”，可知是独一无二的。] Ⅲ.应用文写作 假定你是某英语电视台的记者，请你就甘肃省临夏州积石山县发生的地震写一篇报道，内容包括： 1．地震概况：2023年12月18日23时59分甘肃省临夏州积石山县发生6.2级地震； 2．受损情况：148人死亡，198人受伤；多处道路以及几千所房屋遭到破坏； 3．救援情况：地震发生后，救援人员立刻赶往现场实施救援，救援物资也被运往灾区。 注意： 1．词数80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] An earthquake measuring 6.2 hit Jishishan County of Linxiazhou in China's Gansu Province at 23：59 on December 18, 2023.148 people were killed and 198 were injured during the earthquake. Besides, many roads and thousands of houses were destroyed. Shortly after the earthquake, rescue workers and medical teams were sent to the earthquake­stricken areas to help with the rescue work. Meanwhile, some food and other supplies were also sent to these areas. To our relief, with the help of the whole nation, people of the stricken areas soon recovered and their life returned to normal. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$