Unit 4 History and Traditions Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2023-2024学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第二册

Unit 4 History and Traditions Discovering Useful Structures 1 过去分词作定语 一、含义 1. 及物动词的过去分词作定语，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成。 The plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon． 2. 不及物动词的过去分词作定语，它不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。 Many little kids like gathering fallen leaves in the yard. The risen sun is shining brightly in the morning. Earth Day, ____________(mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection． marked 纪念，庆贺 二、位置 1. 前置定语：单个的过去分词做定语一般放在所修饰词之前。 The polluted water was to blame for the spread of cholera. We needed much more qualified workers． 有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独作定语也可放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的)，given(所给的)，concerned(有关的)等。 There are few tigers left. It is time for the departments concerned to take measures to protect them from dying out. 2. 后置定语：如果是过去分词短语，则通常放在名词后做后置定语，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。 It is a house built by the Romans. The meeting held yesterday is of great importance. =The meeting which was held yesterday is of great importance. 三、现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别 1. 语态上不同: 现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。 The running water (=The water which runs) in the river is very clear. Nine out of ten women interviewed (who were interviewed) about the product said they liked it. 2. 时间关系上不同: 现在分词表示正在进行的动作，而过去分词表示已经完成的动作。 We are all living in a changing world. = a world which/that is changing The changed world surprised him. =the world which/that had changed 过去分词作宾语补足语 1. 过去分词用在表状态的动词keep，leave等的后面作宾语补足语。 He passed away, leaving his works unfinished． Don’t keep your mouth shut when I ask you a question． 2. 过去分词用在使役动词have/get和make的后面作宾语补足语。 (1)“have/get＋宾语＋过去分词”表示“让别人做某事”。 He wants to have/get his eyes examined tomorrow. (2)在“make＋宾语＋过去分词”这种结构中，过去分词表示结果。 They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English． 3. 过去分词用在感官动词see，hear，notice，observe，watch，feel，find等之后做宾语补足语。 When we saw the road blocked with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. We can hear the windows knocked by