内容正文:
2024年初中英语语法复习之动词的时态
在英语中,由于谓语动作发生的时间不同,或表达不同时间存在的状态,谓语动词都要发生相应的变化。这些动词的变化形式就叫做动词的时态。
初中阶段主要学习,掌握以下八种时态。
1.一般现在时
1)构成
一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作或状态。在英语中,一般现在时通常由动词的基本形式(原形)加上词尾-s或-es构成,表示主语的习惯或常规动作。
例如, I go to work by bike every day.(我每天都骑自行车去上班。)go, work, every day.
需要注意的是,一般现在时的主语通常是第一人称单数或第三人称单数,而动词的基本形式末尾加上-s或-es。例如, He plays basketball every day. (他每天打篮球。)plays, basketball, every day.另外be和have有特殊的人称变化形式。
详见下表:
动词to be
动词to have
I am a student
You are a student
He (She) is a student.
We (You, They) are students
I have a pen.
You have a pen.
He (She) has a pen.
We (You, They) have pens.
2)用法
一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作或状态,通常与主语保持一致。在英语中,一般现在时通常由动词的基本形式(原形)加上主语的人称和数构成。
例如, I go to school every morning.(我每天早上去上学。)go, 我, 早上, 去。
一般现在时可以用于以下场景:
描述经常性或习惯性的动作或状态,例如:
I usually eat breakfast at 8 am.(我通常在早上8点吃早餐。)
She studies English every day after school.(她每天放学后都在学校里学习英语。)
表示目前的情况或状态,例如:
I am studying for my exam tomorrow.(我正在为明天的考试复习。)
He is currently living in New York.(他目前在纽约居住。)
需要注意的是,一般现在时常与情态动词(如can, must, need等)一起使用,来表示能力、必要性和可能性等。
2.一般过去时
1)构成
一般过去时构成通常是由动词的基本形式(原形)加上主语的人称和数构成。
例如, I went to school yesterday.(我昨天去上学了。)went, 我, 昨天, 去。
需要注意的是,有些动词的一般过去时构成可能略有不同,例如:
以-e结尾的动词,要将-e去掉,再加上主语的人称和数,例如:
She sang a song last night.(她昨晚唱了一首歌。)sang, 她, 昨晚, 唱。
以-o'结尾的动词,要加上-ed,例如:
He played soccer yesterday.(他昨天踢了足球。)played, 他, 昨天, 踢。
一些动词的一般过去时构成是不规则的,例如:
eat(吃)的过去式是ate, 例如:I ate breakfast this morning.(我今天早上吃了早餐。)ate, 我, 早上, 吃。
go(去)的过去式是went, 例如:I went to the park yesterday.(我昨天去了公园。)went, 我, 昨天, 去。
一般过去时其谓语动词使用动词过去式形式。
肯定式
否定式
疑问式
一般动词
I (You, He, She, We, They) worked there.
I (You, He, She, We, They) did not work there.
Did you (I, he, she, we, they) work there?
be动词
I (He, She, It) was there.
We ( You, They) were there
I (He, She, It) was not there.
We (You, They)
were not there.
Was I (he, she, it)
there?
Were you (we, they) there?
have动词
I (You, He, She, We, They) had books.
I (You, He, She, We, They) had not/ didn't have any books
Had I (you, he, she, we, they)