7.2《一名物理学家的教育历程》导学案 2023-2024学年统编版高中语文必修下册

7 一名物理学家的教育历程

课文助读                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

一、作者简介

加来道雄，日裔美国理论物理学家，毕业于美国哈佛大学，获加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校物理学博士学位，后任纽约城市大学城市学院理论物理学教授。主要著作有《超越爱因斯坦》《超空间》《平行宇宙》《超弦论》等。

语基积累

（一）给加点的字注音

遐（   ）想    栅（   ）栏   斑斓（    ）    深渊（    ）

惊诧（   ）    目眩（   ）   鱼鳍（   ）     怪诞（    ）

贪婪（   ）    湮（   ）没   相悖（   ）     浩瀚（    ）

撒手人寰（    ）      刨（   ）根究底      畏葸（  ）不前

答案：

遐（xiá）想    栅（zhà）栏    斑斓（lán）     深渊（yuān）

惊诧（chà）    目眩（xuàn）   鱼鳍（qí）      怪诞（dàn）

贪婪（lán）    湮（yān）没    相悖（bèi）     浩瀚（hàn）

撒手人寰（huán）      刨（páo）根究底      畏葸（xǐ）不前

（二）辨析词义

1.陶醉·沉醉

【应用】

①紫藤花的花期为每年的四月至五月，盛开时紫藤花一朵一朵地垂落下来，看上去很美，让人不禁      其中。

②一味      于痛苦之中，以任诞放纵的形式对抗现实的无奈，这并不能使魏晋人士的悲剧命运发生改变。

【辨析】两者都是动词，都有“沉浸于某种思想活动之中”的意思。“陶醉”和“沉醉”的使用范围不全相同。“陶醉”是一种清醒、冷静而放松的状态，多用于表示美好、令人向往或满意的方面。“沉醉”指大醉，比喻深深地沉浸在某种气氛或思想活动中。

答案：①陶醉 ②沉醉

2.在所不辞·义不容辞

【应用】

①救死扶伤是医护人员       职责。

②一个国家一个民族在如此困难的时候还能有这样一群人，为了心中的信仰，为了心中那团烈火赴汤蹈火，       ，这样的民族是不会被打垮的。

【辨析】两者都有“不推辞”的意思。“在所不辞”是无条件服从。“义不容辞”是道义上不容推辞。

答案：①义不容辞 ②在所不惜

整体感知

一、文本解读

这篇文章可以分为几个部分？每个部分分别写了什么内容？

答案：这篇文章可以分为三个部分。

第一部分（1）：交代童年的两件趣事极大地丰富了作者对世界的理解，并且引导作者走上成为一名理论物理学家的历程。

第二部分（2-11）：主要叙述作者从对鲤鱼世界的遐想推知人类知识的局限性。

第三部分（12-18）：主要介绍了作者对爱因斯坦未竟事业的向往、学习和探究。

二、行文脉络

阅读全文，依据提示补充空缺内容。