内容正文:
攻坚克难 把握三线让完形变完美
目前,完形填空语篇的体裁大多是记叙文或夹叙夹议文,还有少量的说明文。本专题前面四节已经通过实例讲解了如何利用“词汇复现”“语境暗示”“背景常识”和“固定搭配”等技巧解题,本部分将从完形填空的三条线入手,即情节线、情感线和逻辑线。正确理解和运用“三线”,必将让完形难题“现形”!
一、 情节线
情节线也叫故事线,是故事发展的脉络,主要围绕故事的时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、发展、高潮和结局展开。纵观历年真题,完形填空对名词和动词的考查居多,因为名词和动词体现了故事发展的过程和细节。记叙文常用第一人称或第三人称叙述生活中一些人物和事。夹叙夹议文则在此基础上表达作者对生活的看法或揭示生活的真理,达到弘扬真善美和体现正能量的目的。
以下是从2023年的4份高考卷完形填空中梳理出的部分情节线名词和动词。
1. 情节线名词(短语):delay, display, exchange, transportation, promise, comment, choice, goodbye, hello, thanks, the next day, many years ago, the first time, the correct time, the first black woman。
2. 情节线动词(短语):compete, come, begin, climb, learn, tell, win, see, have to move, can't afford, be to do, meet, ask, promise, bring, used to grow, get by, be going to。
下面结合实例体会情节线在解题中的作用。
(2023新高考Ⅰ卷)As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her race when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She 1 to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with 2 . She couldn't. Bailey then 3 to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get medical attention.
1.A. agreed B. returned
C. stopped D. promised
2. A. courage B. aid
C. patience D. advice
3. A. went away B. stood up
C. stepped aside D. bent down
【解析】 情节线:在Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二还要多时→她前面的一名选手开始痛苦地哭泣→Bailey帮助和她一起参赛的选手Lenoue→Bailey扶着她的胳膊,看她是否能向前走→同伴不能行走→Bailey让同伴爬到她的背上→一路背着她到达终点线→又走了300英尺到Lenoue可以接受治疗的地方。
【解题过程】 根据“Bailey帮助和她一起参赛的选手”可知,Bailey没有继续跑下去,而是选择停下(stop)来帮忙,第1题选C;根据“Bailey帮助和她一起参赛的选手”和“Bailey扶着她的胳膊”可知,第2题选B;根据“Bailey让Lenoue爬到她的背上”可知,Bailey要先弯下腰(bend down),故第3题选D。
(2023全国甲卷)Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer. The first time we 1 there, we heard the chug-chug-chug of a motorbike 2 its way down the hill toward us. It was a 3 called Mario, coming to 4 us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine...What Mario had gi