2024年牛津译林版中考英语语法提纲

中考英语语法提纲 (完整版) 1. 主谓一致 1. 主语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式： 如：The computer was a great invention.(计算机是个了不起的发明) 2. 集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主语时, 1 如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如：Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班) 2 如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如：Class Three have a map of China.(三班有张中国地图) 3. Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。 如：There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只绵羊) / There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊) 4. maths, news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数：The news is very exciting. (这个消息令人兴奋) 5. glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如： 6. a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。 7. and 连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则用单数。如：The teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果) / Fish and chips is very famous food. (鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品) 8. there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。 9. 用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如：Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow. 10. 主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。如：A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. (一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子(当时)就站在路边) 11. either…or…或者 neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如：Either you or he is right.(要么是你对,要么是他对。/你和他有一个人是对的) / Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那里) 12. 表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。如：Two months is not a short time.(两个月不是个短时间)Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距离).(两千千米是相当长的一段距离) 13. 主语中含有half of… / (three quarters)of… / all (of) the ….等词语时,谓语的单复数由名词确定,如：Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.(因特网上四分之三以上的信息是用英语写的) / A third of the students were playing near the lake.(学生的三分之一(当时)正在湖边玩耍) / All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(这些河流中的水已经被污染了)(被动句) 但是,population一词又有特殊情况： What’s the population of China?(中国人口是多少？)(句子用单数) / Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人).(这个城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(句子用复数) 2. 人称代词it 人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义,此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。 如：--What’s the weather like today?(今天天气怎样？)—I