Unit 7 语法精讲（被动语态一）-2023-2024学年八年级下册英语单元核心知识讲练（牛津译林版）

译林版八年级下册 Unit 7 语法精讲 被动语态➊ 目 录 01. 定义 02. 用法&判断方法 03. 各时态的被动语态 04. 主动语态与被动语态的转化 05. 不使用被动语态的情况 06. 特殊情况 07. 随堂练习 08. 课堂小结 注意 “被动语态”所有知识点在本课件（Unit7语法精讲）中全部涉及，内容较多，建议结合“Unit8语法精讲”课件针对各个知识点进行分类强化练习，建议两份讲义一起使用！ 被动语态的定义 PART.01 被动语态 定义 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主语是动作的执行者—主动语态； 主语是动作的承受者—被动语态。 eg: 主动：Tim likes the book. *主语Tim，主动做“喜欢”这个动作； 被动：The book is liked by Tim. 这本书(被)Tim喜欢。*主语the book是“喜欢”的承受者(即喜欢的对象)，即“被喜欢”。 被动语态 分析： eg① The cat eats some fish every day. 主语：eat的执行者，即“猫吃鱼” Some fish are eaten by the cat every day. 主语：eat的承受者，即“鱼被猫吃” ② I picked two oranges just now. 主语：pick的执行者，即“我摘桔子” Two oranges were picked by me. 主语：pick的承受者，即“橘子被我摘” 被动语态的 用法及判断方法 PART.02 被动语态 被动语态的基本用法： 动作的执行者是泛指或不言明时 eg: Chinese is widely spoken all over the world. 不知道动作的执行者时 eg: He felt worried because his computer was taken away. 强调动作的承受着时 eg: My lost computer was found just now. 由于礼貌或委婉而避谈动作的执行者时 eg: A wrong decision was made due to (由于) lack of experience. 被动语态 被动语态的判断方法： 由by引出动词的执行者 eg: The bike was fixed by my father. 物作主语时，常用被动语态 eg: A lot of housework can be done by robots. 动宾结构中/动词是及物动词，本该位于动词后的宾语，前置成了主语时（这是最重要的判断方法：本该接宾语的动词后没有宾语了，宾语变成了句子主语） eg: ① I am often asked some maths questions by little brother.本该是ask me some maths questions，但此句中ask后的宾语me变成了句子主语I，ask由主动变成被动am asked. 牢记口诀：宾语变主语，主动变被动 被动语态 eg: ② Linda wasn’t invented to the party.本该是invent sb to sp，但此句中invent后没有宾语，即宾语Linda变成了主语，invent由主动变被动was invented. eg: ③ The kids are told a funny story every evening.本该是tell sb a story，此句中tell后没有sb，即宾语the kids变成了主语，tell由主动变成被动are told. 牢记口诀：宾语变主语，主动变被动 各种时态的 被动语态构成 PART.03 被动语态 一般现在时 We are always warned not to swim in the river. My room is cleaned by mum every day. I am often given chances to deal with problems by myself. 一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are done (即将be动词改成一般现在时am/is/are) 被动语态基本结构：be done (过去分词) 被动语态 一般过去时 The novel was translated into Chinese in 2002. The twins were taken to the Science Museum by their mum last Sunday and t