选择性必修第1册 Unit 2 The universal language-【创新教程】2025年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业word（译林版）

课时冲关14　Unit 2　The universal language Ⅰ.阅读A 主题语境：人与社会 体裁：说明文 话题：说“不”的艺术 While saying no can be empowering and liberating to some, for others it can be frightening or uncomfortable. We feel that we must go along with things we honestly do not want to do in order to be socially accepted. However, there are benefits to the word “no”. Saying no can create more mental health stability and build your self­esteem and confidence. Saying no may be a difficult thing to do, but there are ways to make the process a bit more acceptable and effective. The sandwich method, an approach that involves sandwiching something that individuals may consider negative between two positives, is helpful for you to feel natural and authentic to say no. Tell the person something positive followed by the no and end with something supportive or positive. For example. “Thank you for inviting me. I really appreciate you including me and being thoughtful; however, I won't be able to make it. I would still really enjoy meeting up with you. I'll look at my schedule for some dates I'm available, so we can spend some time together.” It's also important to keep in mind that saying no to something but giving other options that better fit your needs can also be an effective way to use the power of no. Remember that your needs are important and your decisions can directly affect your time and energy. We all have various roles in our work, parenting, and social obligations. These roles can challenge our abilities to set boundaries. Learning about yourself and finding your inner power is important to your health and well­being. Consider setting boundaries around goals you have for yourself. For example, if one of your goals is to create better balance between work and life, you may say no to a call or meeting outside your normal working hours. Using some of the techniques outlined above，you may not find it a big deal to say no. 1．What is an advantage of saying no? A．You might become more powerful. B．You will be more socially accepted. C．You are likely to feel self­confident. D．You can stabilize your physical health. 2．Which of the following agrees with the sandwich method? A．To follow 2 praises with a criticism. B．To make a refusal between 2 layers of praise. C．To state something negative and give 2 proposals. D．To introduce an idea, give examples and draw a conclusion. 3．What is the author's attitude to saying no? A．Doubtful.　　　　　 B．Objective. C．Favorable. D．Opposed. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．The Art of Saying No B．The Skill of Communication C．The Importance of Saying No D．The Concept of Sandwich Method [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，可以让说“不”这个过程更容易被接受和有效的方法。 1．C　[细节理解题。由第一段中的“Saying no can create more mental health stability and build your self­esteem and confidence. (说“不”可以创造更多的心理健康稳定性，建立你的自尊和信心。)”可知，说“不”的好处是你可能会感到自信。] 2．B　[推理判断题。由第二段中的“The sandwich method, an approach that involves sandwiching something that individuals may consider negative between two positives, is helpful for you to feel natural and authentic to say no. (三明治法是一种将个人可能认为消极的东西夹在两个积极的东西之间的方法，它有助于让你觉得说不是自然和真实的。)”可知，三明治法是一种将个人可能认为消极的东西夹在两个积极的东西之间的方法，可得出“在两层赞扬之间做出拒绝”符合三明治法。] 3．C　[推理判断题。由第一段中的“However, there are benefits to the word ‘no’. (然而，“不”这个词也有好处。)”和最后一段“Using some of the techniques outlined above, you may not find it a big deal to say no. (使用上面概述的一些技巧，你可能不会觉得说不有什么大不了的。)”可知，作者认为说“不”有好处，还提出说“不”的方法，说明作者赞成说“不”。] 4．A　[主旨大意题。由第一段中的“Saying no may be a difficult thing to do, but there are ways to make the process a bit more acceptable and effective. (说“不”可能是一件困难的事，但有一些方法可以让这个过程更容易被接受和更有效。)”和最后一段“Using some of the techniques outlined above, you may not find it a big deal to say no. (使用上面概述的一些技巧，你可能不会觉得说不有什么大不了的。)”可知，文章讲述了可以让说“不”这个过程更容易被接受和更有效的方法，A项“说不的艺术”符合文意。] 阅读B 主题语境：人与社会 体裁：说明文 话题：鼓励人们拯救并保护小语种 It is an unpleasant extinction that will change the world and how people communicate：within 20 years, two thirds of all the planet's languages will be dead. Experts agree that nothing can stop it happening but one academic is trying her hardest to slow it down. Professor Antonella Sorace is one of a growing number who believe learning a second language has enormous untapped benefits for the human brain. This is true not only for young children but also for adults and people at risk from dementia (痴呆), where research consistently shows that learning a new language could delay the start of the disease for four to five years—a better result than with any medication to date. It is those benefits of bilingualism (双语) that should encourage us to preserve and protect Europe's minority languages—Gaelic, Manx, Cornish and Ulster Scots, she says. Already her work and the project she founded three years ago in Edinburgh, Bilingualism Matters—now expanding across Europe and in the US—have convinced the Scottish government to introduce languages to primary schools. From 2023 all Scottish children will be learning a language other than English in their first year at school, with two other languages to be introduced later. Bilingualism Matters is also working to encourage businesses to consider the benefits of their staff learning languages. “In business, people say ‘English is the language of business, why would I need to learn another language？’” said Sorace. “Maybe it would mean you could do better business.” Just as disappearing forests take with them secrets of undiscovered medicines, disappearing languages can take the key to a longer and better quality of life. The first battle is to unpick the popular assumption that bilingualism might damage children's brains. There were even suggestions it could encourage schizophrenia (精神分裂症)． Study after study has shown the opposite to be true, says Sorace. “These prejudices are deeply rooted, but we are perhaps halfway to persuading people that the brain can cope. Then we have to persuade people that it is actually of benefit.” 5．What will happen to the majority of the world's languages? A．They will become extinct in decades. B．They will be learnt by more academics. C．They will prevent the risk of dementia. D．They will help people better communicate. 6．What's Bilingualism Matters intended to do? A．Find a replacement for English. B．Teach businesses marketing skills. C．Promote minority language learning. D．Influence governments' policy making. 7．What's the top priority in preserving minority languages? A．Getting rid of people's fear for mental illnesses. B．Finding the key to promoting people's welfare. C．Unlocking the secrets of undiscovered medicines. D．Correcting the misconception about Bilingualism. 8．Which can be the best title for the text? A．The benefits of Bilingualism B．The founding of Bilingualism Matters C．A new challenge facing language teaching D．A professor fighting to save minority languages [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Antonella Sorace教授所持有的学习第二语言对人类的大脑和健康都有着巨大的好处的观点，从而鼓励人们拯救并保护小语种。 5．A　[细节理解题。根据第一段“It is an unpleasant extinction that will change the world and how people communicate：within 20 years, two thirds of all the planet's languages will be dead.(这种令人不快的灭绝将改变世界和人们的交流方式：在20年内，地球上三分之二的语言将消失。)”可知，世界上大多数语言会在几十年内灭绝。] 6．C　[推理判断题。根据第四段“Already her work and the project she founded three years ago in Edinburgh, Bilingualism Matters—now expanding across Europe and in the US — have convinced the Scottish government to introduce languages to primary schools.(她的工作和她三年前在爱丁堡创立的项目Bilingualism Matters——该项目目前正在欧洲和美国推广——已经说服苏格兰政府在小学引入语言课程。)”第三段“It is those benefits of bilingualism (双语) that should encourage us to preserve and protect Europe's minority languages—Gaelic, Manx, Cornish and Ulster Scots, she says.(她说这就是双语的好处，这应该鼓励我们维护和保护欧洲的少数民族语言——盖尔语、曼克斯语、康沃尔语和阿尔斯特苏格兰语。)”和第五段“Bilingualism Matters is also working to encourage businesses to consider the benefits of their staff learning languages.(Bilingualism Matters也在努力鼓励企业考虑员工学习语言的好处。)”可知，Bilingualism Matters打算要推广小语种的学习。] 7．D　[细节理解题。根据第六段“The first battle is to unpick the popular assumption that bilingualism might damage children's brains.(第一场战斗是推翻传统的观点，即双语可能会损害儿童的大脑。)”可知，保护小语种的首要任务就是纠正人们对于双语的误解。] 8．D　[主旨大意题。根据第二段“ Professor Antonella Sorace is one of a growing number who believe learning a second language has enormous untapped benefits for the human brain.(Antonella Sorace是越来越多的认为学习第二语言对人类大脑有巨大的尚未开发的好处的人之一。)”及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述Antonella Sorace教授关于要学习第二语言、拯救并保护小语种的观点和具体做法。] Ⅱ.完形填空 主题语境：人与社会 体裁：记叙文 话题：阿富汗第一个女导游 (2024·福州市高中质量检测)Fatima has been the only woman working as a tour guide in Afghanistan. The 22­year­old grew up leading ____1____ through the countryside, and now she leads tourists through the streets of Herat, the third largest city in Afghanistan. She grew up in rural Gohr Province, where there was no schooling ____2____ to girls, but she convinced her family to let her take ____3_____ if she brought in enough of an income from sheep herding. She practiced her English by listening to BBC radio, which she could ____4____ when high enough in the hills. “I thought a lot during these years，” Fatima says. “My brothers and sisters were ____5____to get married. I decided that I would not continue in the ____6____. That was how I decided to work.” She signed up for Facebook and began joining groups for people interested in history.____7____that people only knew Afghanistan as a place of war and conflict, she started writing regular posts about places in her country that foreigners might not know about. After she began writing her ____8____ everything changed. Fatima started getting comments and responses from her new online friends. In 2020, one of them — a man known as “Big Tom” — ____9____ out to her saying he was going to be traveling in Afghanistan and if she would be interested in ____10____ him around in Herat.She said yes. Tom recommended her to someone else, and Fatima continued to get work by word of mouth. Eventually she came to the ____11____ of Untamed Borders, a boutique (精品的) travel agency that specializes in trips to more inaccessible areas. The company hired her in late 2020, and the young self­taught woman became her country's first female professional tour guide. Of course, being a pioneer is never ____12____. Fatima says many people in her life, including some of her family members, have told her that it's too dangerous for a woman to work，____13____ if it means interacting with men one­on­one. Sometimes children throw stones at her while she's guiding tourists through the local market. Other people have shouted profanities (污言秽语) at her. Fatima says that the____14____of her employers and the people she has met through giving tours is what keeps her motivated. “Challenges are always a part of my life. If I give up, then other women will never____15____，” she said. 1．A.cattle　　 B．sheep C．people D．tourists 2．A.available B．valuable C．reasonable D．reliable 3．A.risks B．lessons C．advantages D．challenges 4．A.hear from B．get through C．test out D．pick up 5．A.advised B．scared C．forced D．adjusted 6．A.tradition B．habit C．trend D．anecdote 7．A.Excited B．Afraid C．Tired D．Delighted 8．A.posts B．letters C．pages D．articles 9．A.yelled B．picked C．cried D．reached 10．A.walking B．playing C．showing D．seeing 11．A.light B．hope C．internet D．attention 12．A.funny B．attractive C．easy D．satisfying 13．A.obviously B．actually C．especially D．specially 14．A.support B．struggle C．work D．sympathy 15．A.win B．start C．survive D．quit [语篇解读]　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述阿富汗妇女Fatima不为世俗看法所束缚，成为阿富汗第一个女导游的故事。 1．B　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：22岁的她从小在乡村牵着绵羊长大，现在她带领游客穿过阿富汗第三大城市赫拉特的街道。A.cattle牛；B.sheep绵羊；C.people人们；D.tourists游客。由下文的“she brought in enough of an income from sheep herding.”可知，Fatima在乡村牵着绵羊长大。] 2．A　[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她在高尔省农村长大，那里没有女孩可以上学，但她说服家人，如果她能从放羊中获得足够收入，就让她去上课。A.available可获得的；B.valuable有价值的；C.reasonable合理的；D.reliable可靠的。由下文的“she brought in enough of an income from sheep herding.”可知，Fatima要自己赚钱才能上学，说明她家乡的女孩无法获得上学的机会。] 3．B　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：她在高尔省农村长大，那里没有女孩可以上学，但她说服家人，如果她能从放羊中获得足够的收入，就让她去上课。A.risks危险；B.lessons课程；C.advantages优点；D.challenges挑战。由上文的“there was no schooling __2__ to girls”和下文的“she brought in enough of an income from sheep herding”可知，Fatima家乡的女孩无法获得上学的机会，Fatima通过放羊自己赚钱，获得上课的机会，take lessons (上课)。] 4．D　[考查动词短语辨析。句意：她通过收听BBC广播来练习英语，当她在山上足够高的时候，就可以收听。A.hear from收到……来信；B.get through完成；C.test out测试；D.pick up接收到(信号或声音)。由上文的“listening to BBC radio”可知，BBC广播电台是需要接收信号的。] 5．C　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的兄弟姐妹被迫结婚。A.advised建议；B.scared惊吓；C.forced迫使；D.adjusted调整。由常识可知，阿富汗有童婚制，小小年龄就被迫结婚。] 6．A　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：我决定不再继续这个传统。A.tradition传统；B.habit习惯；C.trend趋势；D.anecdote轶事。由上文的“My brothers and sisters were ____5____to get married.”可知，阿富汗有童婚制，小小年龄就被迫结婚，Fatima决定打破传统束缚，去工作，走出不一样的路来。] 7．B　[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于担心人们只知道阿富汗是一个战争和冲突的地方，她开始定期写一些外国人可能不知道的地方的帖子。A.excited兴奋的；B.afraid担心的；C.tired疲倦的；D.delighted开心的。由下文的“people only knew Afghanistan as a place of war and conflict”可知，人们只知道阿富汗是一个战争和冲突的地方，这一事实让Fatima担心。] 8．A　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她开始写帖子后，一切都变了。A.posts帖子；B.letters信件；C.pages页码；D.articles文章。由上文的“she started writing regular posts”可知，Fatima开始写帖子了。] 9．D　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：2020年，其中一人——一个被称为“大汤姆”的男人——联系到她，说他将在阿富汗旅行，她是否有兴趣带他参观赫拉特。A.yelled叫喊；B.picked捡起；C.cried哭泣；D.reached与……取得联系。由本处语境可知，网友“大汤姆”在网上联系Fatima，询问她是否可以带他参观赫拉特，reach out to sb.“联系某人”。] 10．C　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：2020年，其中一人——一个被称为“大汤姆”的男人——联系到她，说他将在阿富汗旅行，她是否有兴趣带他参观赫拉特？A.walking走路；B.playing玩耍；C.showing展示；D.seeing看见。由上文的“Fatima has been the only woman working as a tour guide in Afghanistan.”和“now she leads tourists through the streets of Herat, the third largest city in Afghanistan”可知，通过网友“大汤姆”的邀请为引子，Fatima之后成为了一位导游，此处指网友“大汤姆”在网上联系Fatima，询问她是否可以带他参观赫拉特，show sb. around“领某人参观”。] 11．D　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：最终，她引起了Untamed Borders的注意，这是一家精品旅行社，专门经营前往更偏远地区的旅行。A.light 光；B.hope希望；C.Internet互联网；D.attention 注意力。由下文的“The company hired her in late 2020”可知，Untamed Borders这家精品旅行社聘用了Fatima，说明Fatima引起了Untamed Borders的注意。] 12．C　[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当然，成为一名先锋从来都不容易。A.funny有趣的；B.attractive有吸引力的；C.easy容易的；D.satisfying令人满意的。由下文的“it's too dangerous for a woman to work”和“Sometimes children throw stones at her while she's guiding tourists through the local market. Other people have shouted profanities (污言秽语) at her.”可知，作为女性的Fatima当导游是危险的，还承担着大家的不理解和谩骂，她作为女性先锋很不容易。] 13．C　[考查副词词义辨析。句意：Fatima说，她生活中的许多人，包括她的一些家庭成员，都告诉她，女性工作太危险了，尤其是如果与男性一对一地互动的话。A.obviously明显地；B.actually实际上；C.especially尤其；D.specially专门地。由上文语境和下文的“if it means interacting with men one­on­one”可知，此处讲Fatima当导游的不易之处，导游对Fatima来说是一份危险的工作，尤其是与男性单独相处时，用especially表强调。] 14．A　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：Fatima说，她的雇主和她通过旅游遇到的人的支持是她保持动力的原因。A.support支持；B.struggle奋斗；C.work工作；D.sympathy同情。由上文语境和下文的“what keeps her motivated”可知，在不被理解和被谩骂的前提下，Fatima依旧坚持作导游，说明她获得了他人的支持，才有动力坚持下去。] 15．B　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我放弃，那么其他女性就永远不会开始。A.win赢得；B.start开始；C.survive幸存；D.quit停止。由上文“being a pioneer”可知，Fatima是一位女性先锋，打破传统，励志走出一条不一样的女性解放之路，所以她不能放弃，如果她放弃，那么其他女性就永远不会开始(和她一样解放自我)。] Ⅲ.语法填空 主题语境：人与社会 体裁：新闻报道 话题：第十四届国际汉语日 To mark the 14th International Chinese Language Day, which falls 1.________ April 20, Cape Town in South Africa witnessed the opening of a special exhibition：The Way of Type — Modernization of Chinese Typography (活版印刷). By 2.________ (show) the development of fonts (字体), the exhibition gave visitors an overview of the modern development of Chinese characters. The 2023 Chinese Language Day 3.________ (celebrate) under the theme of “Chinese Wisdom for a Green World” by the UN. Separate 4.________ (activity) included the school Chinese calligraphy event held at the Confucius Institute at the University of Johannesburg in Johannesburg South Africa,5.________ folk music performances held in Vienna, Austria, which aided people 6.________ (have) a better understanding of the role of China's traditional culture in today's modern world. Statistics show that so far over 180 countries and regions around the world have Chinese language teaching programs, eighty­two of which have included Chinese language learning into their 7.________ (nation) education system, such as the United Arab Emirates, an Arab country 8.________ the Chinese language is taught in about 60 schools. “Academically speaking, the relationship between China and the Arab world has always been a hot topic. In 9.________ past few decades, the trend of mutual language learning between China and Arab countries has improved 10.________ (great)，” said Xue Qingguo, an Arabic studies professor at the Beijing Foreign Studies University. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了第十四届国际汉语日的举行及汉语目前在世界上的学习情况。 1．on　[考查介词。句意：为纪念4月20日的第14个国际汉语日，南非开普敦举办了一场特别展览：字体之路——中国字体的现代化。表示在具体的某一天，应用介词on。] 2．showing　[考查非谓语动词。句意：展览通过展示字体的发展，让参观者对汉字的现代发展有了一个概览。此处作介词by的宾语，应用动名词。] 3．was celebrated　[考查动词语态。句意：联合国以“中国智慧，绿色世界”为主题，庆祝2023年汉语日。Chinese Language Day与celebrate存在逻辑上的动宾关系，又因为该句叙述的是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时的被动语态，且Chinese Language Day为单数形式，be动词使用was。] 4．activities　[考查名词复数。句意：其他活动包括在南非约翰内斯堡大学孔子学院举办的学校中国书法活动，以及在奥地利维也纳举行的民间音乐表演，这些活动帮助人们更好地了解中国传统文化在当今现代世界中的作用。activity为可数名词，根据included the school Chinese calligraphy event可知，其他活动不止一个，应用名词复数形式。] 5．and　[考查连词。句意：其他活动包括在南非约翰内斯堡大学孔子学院举办的学校中国书法活动，以及在奥地利维也纳举行的民间音乐表演，这些活动帮助人们更好地了解中国传统文化在当今现代世界中的作用。分析该句结构可知，the school Chinese calligraphy event和folk music performances是并列顺承关系，应用并列连词and。] 6．to have　[考查非谓语动词。句意：其他活动包括在南非约翰内斯堡大学孔子学院举办的学校中国书法活动，以及在奥地利维也纳举行的民间音乐表演，这些活动帮助人们更好地了解中国传统文化在当今现代世界中的作用。固定搭配aid sb.to do sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”，不定式作宾语补足语。] 7．national　[考查形容词。句意：据统计，目前世界上已有180多个国家和地区开设汉语教学项目，其中82个国家和地区将汉语纳入国民教育体系，如阿拉伯联合酋长国就有60多所学校开设汉语课程。此处修饰名词education system，应用形容词national，作定语。] 8．where　[考查定语从句。句意：据统计，目前世界上已有180多个国家和地区开设汉语教学项目，其中82个国家和地区将汉语纳入国民教育体系，如阿拉伯联合酋长国就有60多所学校开设汉语课程。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是an Arab country，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。] 9．the　[考查冠词。句意：“从学术上讲，中国与阿拉伯世界的关系一直是一个热门话题。在过去的几十年里，中国和阿拉伯国家之间相互学习语言的趋势有了很大的改善”北京外国语大学阿拉伯语研究教授薛庆国说。固定搭配：in the last/past＋时间名词“在过去多长时间里”。] 10．greatly　[考查副词。句意：“从学术上讲，中国与阿拉伯世界的关系一直是一个热门话题。在过去的几十年里，中国和阿拉伯国家之间相互学习语言的趋势有了很大的改善”北京外国语大学阿拉伯语研究教授薛庆国说。此处修饰动词improved，应用副词greatly，作状语。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$