必修第3册 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world-【创新教程】2025年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业word（译林版）

课时冲关12　Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world Ⅰ.阅读 主题语境：人与社会 体裁：记叙文 话题：美国宇航员谢尔·林德格伦 Kjell Lindgren wanted to be an astronaut for as long as he could remember. However，his hopes of becoming an astronaut would come to a sudden halt when he was diagnosed with asthma (哮喘) after graduating from the U．S. Air Force Academy. The Air Force decided to medically discharge him. So Lindgren came to a medical school, eventually specializing in emergency medicine. As part of his training, he was retested for asthma. This time, the tests said that he didn't have the condition. Lindgren's dreams of spaceflight returned. Lindgren worked as a flight surgeon at NASA, treating crews that were preparing for spaceflight. Then, in 2009, he was selected as a NASA astronaut at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. Since then, Lindgren has flown into space twice, where he performed more than 100 scientific experiments. Lindgren is now a member of the Artemis Team, a group of scientists and astronauts working together to send people back to the moon in 2024. The following is part of an interview, where he shares his experiences and advice with Science News Explores. Q：How did you get where you are today? A：My passion for space came from reading science fiction and watching science fiction movies. I grew up as a Star Wars fan. Then，in the second grade, our teacher wheeled the television into our classroom and we watched NASA's first launch of the Space Shuttle Columbia (STS­1) on April 12, 1981. And that's when this passion really grabbed me. It became clear that getting to live and work in space wasn't just for the movies or for books. It was a real thing, and I think that's really when I held fast to that dream. The number one thing that opened doors for me and established opportunities was just hard work. By working hard, I came across really cool opportunities that weren't necessarily on the path that I had dreamed of for myself. I think the other important thing was reading. Read as much as you can about the things that you're passionate about. The practice of reading helps stimulate your brain. It was a critical part of my journey. In fact, reading has formed the foundation of my professional career. 1．What does the underlined word “discharge” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Train.　　　　 B．Treat. C．Reject. D．Supervise. 2．Why does the author mention Lindgren's work experiences? A．To prove his passion for space. B．To praise him for his hard work. C．To highlight his career ambition. D．To show his constant career change. 3．What made Lindgren decide to be an astronaut? A．His interest in reading science fiction. B．The series of Star Wars movies. C．His teacher's encouragement. D．The launch of STS­1. 4．What can we learn from Lindgren's story? A．Reading is a journey through the mind. B．Hard work is one of the secrets to success. C．A positive attitude can change a person's life. D．The earlier we identify problems, the better we will be. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了美国宇航员谢尔·林德格伦的个人经历。 1．C　[词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“However，his hopes of becoming an astronaut would come to a sudden halt when he was diagnosed with asthma (哮喘) after graduating from the U．S. Air Force Academy.(然而，当他从美国空军学院毕业后被诊断出患有哮喘时，他成为一名宇航员的希望突然停止了。)”可知，因为患有哮喘病，应该会让他退出宇航员的行列。由此可知，划线词discharge与reject“否决(提议、建议或请求)”意思接近。] 2．A　[推理判断题。根据第三段“Lindgren worked as a flight surgeon at NASA, treating crews that were preparing for spaceflight. Then, in 2009, he was selected as a NASA astronaut at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. Since then, Lindgren has flown into space twice, where he performed more than 100 scientific experiments. Lindgren is now a member of the Artemis Team, a group of scientists and astronauts working together to send people back to the moon in 2024.(林德格伦在美国国家航空航天局担任飞行外科医生，治疗准备进行太空飞行的机组人员。2009年，他在德克萨斯州休斯顿的约翰逊航天中心被选为美国宇航局的宇航员。从那以后，林格伦两次进入太空，在那里他进行了100多项科学实验。林德格伦现在是阿尔忒弥斯团队的成员，这是一个由科学家和宇航员组成的团队，他们共同努力，在2024年将人类送回月球。)”可推知，作者提到林格伦的工作经历来证明他对太空的热情。] 3．D　[细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Then，in the second grade, our teacher wheeled the television into our classroom and we watched NASA's first launch of the Space Shuttle Columbia (STS­1) on April 12, 1981. And that's when this passion really grabbed me. It became clear that getting to live and work in space wasn't just for the movies or for books. It was a real thing, and I think that's really when I held fast to that dream.(然后，在二年级的时候，我们的老师把电视推到我们的教室里，我们观看了1981年4月12日美国宇航局首次发射哥伦比亚号航天飞机(STS­1)。就在那时，这种激情真正吸引了我。很明显，在太空生活和工作不仅仅是为了电影或书籍。这是一件真实的事情，我想那是我真正坚持那个梦想的时候。)”可推知，STS­1(哥伦比亚号航天飞机)的发射使林德格伦决定成为一名宇航员。] 4．B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The number one thing that opened doors for me and established opportunities was just hard work. By working hard, I came across really cool opportunities that weren't necessarily on the path that I had dreamed of for myself.(为我打开大门和创造机会的第一件事就是努力工作。通过努力工作，我遇到了一些很酷的机会，这些机会不一定在我自己梦想的道路上。)”可推知，林德格伦的故事告诉我们努力工作是成功的秘诀之一。] Ⅱ.七选五 主题语境：人与社会 体裁：说明文 话题：正规儿童保育的优点 Working mothers can breathe a sigh of relief when dropping off their little ones in formal childcare. A French study has found children who go to nursery are better behaved and have fewer emotional problems than those cared for by family or a childminder. 1____ The study, on the other hand, wanted to test what potential impact formal childcare settings from a young age could have on behaviour. 2____ Those who had been looked after by a childminder were the most likely to have behavioral issues in both boys and girls, they found. Scientists tracked children's emotional development from birth up to the age of eight. Parents were asked a series of questions about their children's behavioral and emotional problems at different ages, including any difficulties making friends, hyperactivity(多动症), poor attention, conduct, and social skills. ____3____ Analysis showed those who received formal childcare were less likely to have emotional and behavioral problems, and more likely to have better social skills than those looked after by family or friends. As women began entering the workforce in increasing numbers from the 1980s, some child development researchers have found that formal childcare and informal childcare appear. ____4____ Researchers find that overall, children benefited a lot from formal childcare. Boys who went to nursery had fewer emotional problems, but those looked after by a childminder had more behavioral problems. Girls in particular benefited from the more formal childcare. ____5____ The authors conclude that access to high quality childcare in the first years of life may improve children's emotional and cognitive development, prevent later emotional difficulties and promote prosocial(亲社会的)behavior. A．Lack of daily interaction may result in children being unwilling to socialize. B．Those who had gone to nursery performed better academically later on at school. C．Informal childcare has harmful outcome for children's social and emotional adjustment. D．It's because they are more likely to being shy, nervous or upset, researchers suggest. E．Children who get formal childcare were less likely to have behavioral problems later. F．They were also questioned on what type of childcare their children had been provided. G．A study has suggested early formal childcare may improve their academic performance. [语篇解读]　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了把幼儿放在托儿所会对他们今后的社会行为有更好的帮助。 1．G　[下文“The study, on the other hand, wanted to test what potential impact formal childcare settings from a young age could have on behaviour.(另外，研究者想要测验早期正规的儿童保育对儿童的行为还有什么潜在的影响。)”提到了研究者想研究儿童保育对儿童行为还会产生什么影响，说明已经有研究表明儿童保育对儿童产生了影响。G项“之前的研究表明，早期正规的儿童保育可以提高他们的学习成绩。”与下文语义衔接，符合语境。] 2．E　[下文“Those who had been looked after by a childminder were the most likely to have behavioral issues in both boys and girls, they found.(他们发现，那些由保姆照看过的孩子无论男女，都最有可能出现行为问题。)”指出保姆照看孩子的缺点，点明了前文提到的正规的儿童保育存在优点。E项“这些得到正规保育的小孩在之后较少出现行为问题。”与下文形成鲜明对比，符合语境。] 3．F　[上文“Parents were asked a series of questions about their children's behavioral and emotional problems at different ages, including any difficulties making friends, hyperactivity, poor attention, conduct, and social skills.(研究人员向家长们询问了一系列关于孩子在不同年龄段的行为和情绪问题，包括交朋友的困难，多动症，注意力差，品行差和社交能力差。)”指出了孩子在不同年龄段的一些行为和情绪问题。F项“他们还被问及他们为孩子提供了什么样的托儿服务。”与上文承接自然，由also看出上下文为顺承关系，选项中的questioned呼应上文的asked。] 4．C　[上文“As women began entering the workforce in increasing numbers from the 1980s, some child development researchers have found that formal childcare and informal childcare appear.(从20世纪80年代开始，随着越来越多的女性进入劳动力市场，一些儿童发展研究人员发现，正规的儿童保育和非正规的儿童保育出现了。)”指出出现了正规的儿童保育和非正规的儿童保育。下文“Researchers find that overall, children benefited a lot from formal childcare.(研究人员发现，总的来说，孩子们从正规的儿童保育中受益匪浅。)”指出正规儿童保育的优点，C项“不正规的儿童看管不利于儿童的社会调适和情绪调节。”承上启下，与下文描述正规儿童保育形成对比关系。] 5．D　[上文“Girls in particular benefited from the more formal childcare.(女孩尤其受益于更正规的儿童保育。)”说明与男孩相比，女孩尤其受益于更正规的儿童保育。D 项“研究人员表示，这是因为她们更可能害羞，紧张或不安。”承接上文，解释了女孩尤其受益于更正规的儿童保育的原因。] Ⅲ.读后续写 主题语境：人与社会 体裁：记叙文 话题：勇敢承认错误 阅读下面材料， 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段， 使之构成一篇完整的短文。 When the night fell, James, a middle school student in London, dragged his tired body home.In order to save money to buy himself a new bike, he had been working at a restaurant for over a month during the summer vacation.He had already earned some money.With one more week, he would have his dream bike. Entering the room, James found his younger brother Adam sitting on the edge of his bed with an uneasy expression on his face.James stared at Adam confusedly. “Sorry.I did something wrong，” Adam said, on the verge of tears. “What's the matter with you？” James asked. “This afternoon I went to play football on the road outside the house and accidentally hit our neighbor Mr. Black's car.I was so scared and I hurried home in panic without telling him，” Adam said, full of guilt. “Is the car seriously damaged？” James couldn't wait to continue asking. “The ball hit the car back and the tail light got broken，” Adam said in a low voice. “It's truly your fault. It's really dangerous to play football on the road. What's worse, you shouldn't have come back without telling Mr. Black about it. You are such a naughty boy，” James raised his voice. Hearing this, Adam lowered his head and bit his lips hard. James added, “Anyway, it's never too late to mend.I'll take you to his house tomorrow to apologize. Now it's time to sleep.” When Adam went bed, James couldn't go to sleep himself. Father always told him to be honest, to be a boy admired by the people and to be an example of his brother. He was sorry for his brother's behavior. He shouldn't have blamed his brother after he did something wrong. But he could understand him. Anyway, Adam was only a boy of seven and what had happened really scared him. But as his elder brother, he should pay for it though this might delay his plan of having the bike. “Nothing serious. At worst, I can take more summer jobs，” he said to himself. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 James got up early the next morning._________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Mr. Black was a little surprised to see the brothers._______________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] James got up early the next morning. He told Adam, “We should go to Mr. Black's house as early as possible and explain to him what had happened.” Before they went out, he took out all the money he had earned in the restaurant during the summer holiday. Adam knew that his dear brother wanted to pay for his fault. Tears filled his eyes because he knew very well how much his elder brother wanted to get a new bike and he was working on it. Mr. Black was a little surprised to see the brothers. “Mr. Black, I'm here to make an apology，” said James. Then he told Mr. Black what had happened and drew out the money from his pocket. “This is all the money I have. I wonder if it can pay for your loss，” he said sincerely. “Good boys, I truly appreciate your honesty.Just forget my car.” Mr. Black declined to get the money but accepted the brothers' suggestions of doing some work in his garden. What a good result! Adam regained his honesty and James could still have his dream bike. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$