选择性必修第4册 Unit 5 Into the unknown-【创新教程】2025年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业word（外研版）

课时冲关41　Unit 5　Into the unknown Ⅰ.阅读A 主题：人与社会 体裁：说明文 话题：荷兰 China and the Netherlands (荷兰) are long­time friends.The Netherlands is more than 41,500 square kilometres in area.It is a bit larger than the size of Taiwan, China. The Netherlands is rich in culture and art.It is home of many great artists, for example, Vincent van Gogh.Besides fine art, the Netherlands is also called the country of tulips (郁金香)．It has the world's largest tulip garden: Keukenhof garden. Dutch people are very hard­working.There's a saying: “God made the Earth, but the Dutch made Holland.” More than a quarter of the country is below sea level.So Dutch people build many dams (水坝) to protect the country from flooding.They have created almost one sixth of the country from seas and rivers! Did you know? ◆Rubber ducks are popular around the world.Dutch artist Florentijn Hofman created it in 2007.The yellow duck is 26 metres high. ◆Wooden clogs (木底鞋) are traditional shoes in the Netherlands.They make good gifts for tourists. ◆In the Netherlands, it is impolite to start eating at once.Dutch people will sometimes say “delicious” before eating. ◆Like the UK, the Netherlands also has kings and queens. [语篇解读]　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰的一些情况。 1．Taiwan, China is ________ than the Netherlands in area. A．a bit smaller　　　　 B．much larger C．much smaller D．a little larger 解析：A　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“It is a bit larger than the size of Taiwan, China.(比中国台湾的面积还要大一点。)”可知，荷兰的国土面积比中国的台湾稍大一些。] 2．What is not talked about in the passage? A．Table manners. B．Artists. C．Weather. D．Tulips. 解析：C　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In the Netherlands, it is impolite to start eating at once.Dutch people will sometimes say ‘delicious’ before eating.(在荷兰，马上开始吃饭是不礼貌的。荷兰人有时会在吃饭前说‘美味’。)”可知，此处介绍了餐桌礼仪；根据第二段中“The Netherlands is rich in culture and art.It is home of many great artists, for example, Vincent van Gogh.(荷兰拥有丰富的文化和艺术，是许多伟大艺术家的故乡，例如梵高。)”可知，此处介绍了荷兰的艺术家；根据第二段中“Besides fine art, the Netherlands is also called the country of tulips (郁金香)．( 除了艺术之外，荷兰还被称为郁金香之国。)”可知，此处提到了郁金香，故天气没有被谈到。] 3．About ________ of the Netherlands is created from the seas and rivers. A．16%　 B．25%　　 C．60%　　 D．75% 解析：A　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“They have created almost one sixth of the country from seas and rivers！( 他们用海洋和河流创造了几乎六分之一的国土！)”可知，大约六分之一，即16%的荷兰土地是由海洋和河流形成的。] 4．Which is NOT TRUE about the Netherlands? A．In the Netherlands, it's good manners to praise the food before eating. B．Keukenhof garden is famous for tulips. C．The Dutch may give foreign friends wooden clogs as small presents. D．China and the Netherlands have been neighbouring countries for a long time. 解析：D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“China and the Netherlands (荷兰) are long­time friends.(中国和荷兰是老朋友了。)”和常识可知，荷兰和中国并不相邻，所以D项“中国和荷兰是长期的邻国。”错误，] 阅读B 主题：人与自然 体裁：说明文 话题：全球树种数量估算 The world's forests may hold more secrets than previously thought: a new global estimate of tree biodiversity suggests that there are about 9,200 tree species yet to be documented.Most are likely in the tropics, according to the new research. The new research drew on the efforts of hundreds of contributors, who have categorized trees in two huge data sets: One, the Global Forest Biodiversity Initiative, records every species found in extensively documented forest plots worldwide.The other, TREECHANGE, puts together sightings of individual species.Together they suggest there are approximately 64,100 recorded tree species on the planet—up from previous estimates of around 60,000. The researchers reached their estimate of an additional 9,200 yet undocumented species on the basis of the number of rare ones already in the databases.Most unknown species are likely to be defined as rare, found in limited numbers in small geographical areas, says the quantitative forest ecologist Jingjing Liang.The team's result is “a rather conservative estimate，” Liang says, “because scientists know less about the preponderance of uncommon trees in places such as the Amazon, where out­of­the­way spots could host pockets of unusual species found nowhere else.” “If we can focus the resources on those rain forests in the Amazon，” Liang adds, “then we would be able to estimate it with higher confidence.” Silman, a conservation biologist, who was not involved in the new study agrees that the study result is likely an underestimate.His and his colleagues' local surveys suggest there are at least 3,000 and possibly more than 6,000 unknown tree species in the Amazon basin alone.Tree species often get grouped together based on appearance, he notes, so new genetic analysis techniques will likely lead to the discovery of even more biodiversity.Sliman wonders how many species will go extinct before scientists describe them.“How many are already known to native peoples in the Amazon－or were known to peoples or cultures who have themselves been made extinct through colonization, disease, or absorption? How many ‘species’ already have dried samples sitting in a cabinet？” he says. Searching for the new species will inform not only conservation but the basic evolutionary science of how and why species diversify and die out, Silman says.“Just the fact that there are thousands of species of something as common as trees out there that are still left to be discovered，” he adds, “I find pretty inspirational.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了通过新的调查研究，得出的对全球的树木生物种类的数量估算，其中还包括一些未记录在案的树种；同时一些生物学家通过调查认为在亚马逊热带雨林里面，还有许多不知名的树种等待人们去发现，这也令这些生物学家们倍受鼓舞。 5．What is the finding of the new research? A．Maintaining tree diversity has become a global challenge. B．About nine thousand new tree species have been identified. C．Thousands of tree species remain unknown to science. D．Human activities have led to the reduced number of trees. 解析：C　[细节理解题。根据第一段“The world's forests may hold more secrets than previously thought: a new global estimate of tree biodiversity suggests that there are about 9,200 tree species yet to be documented.(世界上的森林可能拥有比以前想象的更多的秘密：一项新的全球树木生物多样性估计表明，约有9 200种树木尚未被记录在案。)”可知，该项新研究指出成千上万的树种仍不为科学所知。] 6．What can be learned about the research method? A．The researchers adopted quality method to analyze data. B．The researchers did extensive field study in out­of­the­way spots. C．Doing surveys and interviews is the main research method. D．Inferring from the existing data is the main research method. 解析：D　[推理判断题。根据第二段中“The new research drew on the efforts of hundreds of contributors, who have categorized trees in two huge data sets.(这项新研究利用了数百名贡献者的努力，他们在两个巨大的数据集中对树木进行了分类。)”和第三段“The researchers reached their estimate of an additional 9,200 yet undocumented species on the basis of the number of rare ones already in the databases.(根据数据库中已有的稀有物种的数量，研究人员得出了他们对另外9 200个尚未记录的物种的估计。)”可知，该研究的主要方法是从已有的数据中进行推断得出结论。] 7．The underlined word “preponderance” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________. A．majority　　　　　 B．duration C．cultivation D．capacity 解析：A　[词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的内容“such as the Amazon, where out­of­the­way spots could host pockets of unusual species found nowhere else.(比如亚马逊，在那里偏僻的地方可能有一些其他地方没有的不常见的树种。)”可知，这里通过举例子说明划线词所在部分“scientists know less about the preponderance of uncommon trees in places such as the Amazon(科学家们对亚马逊等地大多数不常见的树木知之甚少)”中，在如亚马逊雨林这种地方有很多科学家们没见过、不了解的树种，所以他们对这里大多数不常见的树木都知之甚少，故“the preponderance of”表示“大多数”，与“the majority of”同义。] 8．According to Silman, one of the reasons for the underestimate of the tree species may be that ________. A．genetic analysis technique failed to produce accurate information B．even the local peoples or the local cultures are not fully aware of the tree species C．trees of similar sizes in the Amazon basin are grouped together D．too many rare trees were made into dried samples before being documented 解析：B　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Sliman wonders how many species will go extinct before scientists describe them.‘How many are already known to native peoples in the Amazon－or were known to peoples or cultures who have themselves been made extinct through colonization, disease, or absorption? How many ‘species’ already have dried samples sitting in a cabinet? he says.’ (Sliman想知道有多少树种会在科学家描述它们之前灭绝。“已经有多少树种被亚马逊当地人所熟知，又有多少是被因殖民、疾病或同化而灭绝的民族或文化所知道的？有多少‘物种’已经有干燥的样本放在橱柜里？”他说。)”可知，Sliman认为当地的民族或文化也不完全了解这些树种，所以这也是树种数量被低估的一个原因。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 主题：人与自我 体裁：说明文 话题：如何培养业余爱好 Hobbies can bring meaning to our leisure time and help improve our mental health.____1____.Here are some tips on how to start a hobby. Figure out your interests Create a short list of three to five activities, including two you've never tried before.Look at your daily life and try to find out where you spend most of your time and energy.____2____. Do some research When you've narrowed your interests down, start collecting information — what are some beginner­friendly projects you could start with? What materials will you need? How much will they cost? ____3____， if you cannot answer these questions. Have no expectations Chances are that you won't be an expert the first time you try your new hobby.You won't be the best at it.____4____.When you finally reach the goal level you have in mind, you can look back and be proud of the progress you've made. Give yourself permission to fail and to take breaks 5____， so it's OK to take a step back to take a breath.Sometimes it is even necessary to step back in order to remind yourself why you're in love with it.Being in love with it does not mean that you should always feel 150% for it. Once you've moved through each of these steps, you're ready to go.Good luck and happy hobbying! A．Failures are part of the learning process B．Go into stores and buy the necessary supplies C．Be patient with yourself and allow yourself room to grow D．If you are an enthusiastic reader, you can benefit a lot from books E．You can search online or ask someone more knowledgeable for advice F．In short, you have to consider how a new hobby could fit into your life G．Other benefits include strengthening our sense of connection and identity [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何发现并培养业余爱好的方法。 1．G　[根据前文“Hobbies can bring meaning to our leisure time and help improve our mental health.(爱好可以给我们的闲暇时间带来意义，有助于改善我们的心理健康。)”可知，此处是讲爱好能带来的好处，所以选项G“其他好处包括加强我们的联系感和认同感”切合文意。] 2．D　[根据前文“Create a short list of three to five activities, including two you've never tried before.Look at your daily life and try to find out where you spend most of your time and energy.(列一个简短清单，上面有三到五个活动，包括两个你以前从未尝试过的活动。看看你的日常生活，尽量找出你在哪里花费了大部分的时间和精力。)”可知，此处是讲尽量找出自己的兴趣爱好，所以选项D“如果你是一个有热情的读者，你可以从书中获益很多”切合文意。] 3．E　[根据后文“if you cannot answer these questions(如果你无法回答这些问题)”和小标题“Do some research(做一些调查)”可知，此处是讲上网或找更擅长的人咨询，所以选项E“你可以在网上搜索或向更有知识的人寻求建议”切合文意。] 4．C　[根据后文“When you finally reach the goal level you have in mind, you can look back and be proud of the progress you've made.(当你最终达到你心中的目标水平时，你可以回顾并为你所取得的进步感到自豪。)”可知，此处是讲给自己成长的空间，所以选项C“对自己有耐心，并给自己成长的空间”切合文意。] 5．A　[根据小标题“Give yourself permission to fail and to take breaks(允许自己失败，允许自己休息)”可知，此处是指失败是学习过程的一部分，所以选项A“失败是学习过程的一部分”切合文意。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$