必修第3册 Unit 2 Making a difference-【创新教程】2025年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业word（外研版）

课时冲关14　Unit 2　Making a difference Ⅰ.阅读理解 主题：人与社会 体裁：记叙文 话题：青少年致力于环保 On Earth Day，people around the world work to help our planet.But April 22 isn't the only day this happens.Many people，including kids，protect the Earth all year long.Read about some inspiring stories，then decide how you will make a difference. Justin Sather,10，from Los Angeles，California When he was 5，Justin learned that his favorite animal's habitat was in danger.So he hopped into action.He started a group called For the Love of Frogs and sold toy frogs to raise money.Justin said that frogs are an “indicator_species” which means that when their habitat is threatened，they show signs of illness earlier than other animals.“Frogs are telling us our planet really needs your help，”Justin added. Aadya Joshi,16，from Mumbai，India When Aadya was 13，she changed a junk lot in her neighborhood into a garden by using plants native to the area because native species attract native insects and animals.“The way to fix the habitat isn't just to plant any tree，” she says.“It's to replace what was torn down from that spot.” Now Aadya is leading the Right Green，an organization she founded to educate people about growing native plants and maintaining healthy ecosystems. Xavier Baquero­Iglesias,11，from Naples，Florida While playing with friends on Astroturf (artificial grass)，Xavier noticed it was super hot，much hotter than real grass.Xavier used his knowledge of science to figure out why.Then he invented SoleX Turf which uses the heat from Astroturf to make electricity.Xavier says his invention creates electricity in a way that's less harmful to the environment，“I wanted to find a way to reduce the effects of climate change and the main way is to find renewable energy sources.” [语篇解读]　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述几名青少年为保护环境所做的努力。 1．What do the underlined words “indicator species ” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Frogs living in damaged habitat. B．Animals like frogs facing extinction. C．Animals suffering from deadly illness. D．Creatures monitoring environmental changes. 解析：D　[词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Justin said that frogs are an ‘indicator species’ which means that when their habitat is threatened，they show signs of illness earlier than other animals.(Justin说，青蛙是一种“指示物种”，这意味着当它们的栖息地受到威胁时，它们比其它动物更早出现疾病的迹象。)”中修饰indicator species的定语从句可知，“指示物种”指的是能够通过自身状况去反映环境变化的物种，所以D选项“Creatures monitoring environmental changes.(监测环境变化的生物。)”解释了该词，符合题意。] 2．What is the proper way to repair the ecosystems according to Aadya? A．Planting more trees. B．Growing native plants. C．Changing junk lots into gardens. D．Preventing foreign insects and animals. 解析：B　[细节理解题。根据Aadya Joshi,16，from Mumbai，India部分的“Now Aadya is leading the Right Green，an organization she founded to educate people about growing native plants and maintaining healthy ecosystems.(现在，Aadya正在领导她创立的“绿色正义”组织，该组织旨在教育人们如何种植本地植物和维护健康的生态系统。)”可知，Aadya认为修复生态系统的适当的方式是种植当地的植物。] 3．What is the value of Xavier's invention? A．It can make Astroturf cool. B．It helps reduce electricity waste. C．It can bring down the price of electricity. D．It makes electricity in a pollution­free way. 解析：D　[细节理解题。根据Xavier Baquero­Iglesias,11，from Naples，Florida部分的“Then he invented SoleX Turf which uses the heat from Astroturf to make electricity.Xavier says his invention creates electricity in a way that's less harmful to the environment(然后他发明了太阳能草皮，利用人造草皮的热量来发电。Xavier表示，他的发明以一种对环境危害较小的方式发电。)”可知，Xavier的发明其价值在于它能够以无污染的方式发电。] 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Activities on Earth Day B．Kid Heroes for the Planet C．Organizations for the Ecosystem D．Benefits of Protecting the Earth 解析：B　[主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Many people，including kids，protect the Earth all year long.Read about some inspiring stories，then decide how you will make a difference.(许多人，包括孩子，一整年都在保护地球。阅读一些鼓舞人心的故事，然后决定你将如何有所作为。)”和全文内容可知，文章主要讲述几名青少年为保护环境所做的努力。所以B选项“Kid Heroes for the Planet(保护地球的儿童英雄)”概括了文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。] Ⅱ.完形填空 主题：人与社会 体裁：夹叙夹议 话题：改善团队 Once a year，around the time when Christians celebrate Easter，Muslims celebrate Ramadan and Jews celebrate Passover，I often invite my 24­person team to a joyful and special dinner at my place.To ____1____ the needs of all my team members，I usually ____2____ different kinds of typical food from different religions. I think this ____3____ reflects the wider philosophy(哲学) of my science lab: we aim to be a ____4____ yet united group of people working in a global scientific network.My lab ____5____ people with different ____6____.One of the most obvious ____7____ is our religions. Yet when people ____8____ my lab，they gather together，first through their common ____9____ for science，and then as they get to know one another and enjoy spare time activities，we become a cohesive(有凝聚力的) team.I am ____10____ this cohesion and the new friendships in my lab，and do my best to encourage them. I'm also really ____11____，while looking for new members.I interview many people before I ____12____ the right ones for my lab.They must be ____13____ capable(有能力的)of course，but it's just as important that they're friendly，interesting and interested in others.They should be prepared to ____14____ various points of view and cultures. As the person in charge of the lab，I see preserving a variety of cultural backgrounds as an important part of my job.Such an accessible，varied and supportive ____15____ promotes new ideas and scientific breakthroughs. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者是如何使自己的科研团队成为一个包含不同性别、学术背景和宗教信仰的、有凝聚力的团队。作者认为只有这样的团队才能激发创新并在科学方面取得突破。 1．A.accommodate　　　　　 B．avoid C．change D．control 解析：A　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了顾及到所有团队成员的需求，我通常会准备不同宗教的典型食物。A.accommodate顾及；B.avoid避免；C.change改变；D.control控制。 根据下文“the needs of all my team members”以及“different kinds of typical food from different religions”可推知，作者准备了丰富多样的晚餐，以顾及所有团队成员的需求。] 2．A.enjoy B．throw C．prepare D．taste 解析：C　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了顾及到所有团队成员的需求，我通常会准备不同宗教的典型食物。A.enjoy享受；B.throw扔；C.prepare准备；D.taste品尝。根据下文“different kinds of typical food from different religions”可知，此处表示作者准备的食物。] 3．A.dream B．tradition C．promise D．debate 解析：B　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为这一传统反映了我的科学实验室更广泛的哲学理念：我们的目标是成为一个在全球科学网络中工作的多元化但团结的团队。A.dream梦想；B.tradition传统；C.promise承诺；D.debate争论。根据上下文语境以及该句中的“reflects the wider philosophy(哲学) of my science lab”可推知，作者认为这种传统体现在自己科学实验室的更广泛的哲学理念中。] 4．A.strange B．conservative C．poor D．diverse 解析：D　[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我认为这一传统反映了我的科学实验室更广泛的哲学理念：我们的目标是成为一个在全球科学网络中工作的多元化但团结的团队。A.strange奇怪的；B.conservative保守的；C.poor穷的；D.diverse多元化的。根据下文“yet united group of people working in a global scientific network”可知，此处表示“我们”的目标是成为一个多元化但团结的团体。] 5．A.gives up B．turns down C．consists of D．leaves out 解析：C　[考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的实验团队由不同背景的人组成。A.gives up放弃；B.turns down拒绝；C.consists of由……组成；D.leaves out遗漏。根据句意以及该句中的“people with different ____6____”可推知，作者的实验团队由不同背景的人组成。] 6．A.breakthroughs B．backgrounds C．ambitions D．hobbies 解析：B　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的实验团队由不同背景的人组成。A.breakthroughs突破；B.backgrounds背景；C.ambitions雄心；D.hobbies爱好。根据下文“One of the most obvious ____7____ is our religions.”可推知，此处为作者实验室的人具有不同的背景。] 7．A.differences B．recipes C．requirements D．standards 解析：A　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：最明显的差异之一是我们的宗教信仰不同。A.differences差异；B.recipes食谱；C.requirements要求；D.standards标准。根据上文内容以及该句中的“is our religions”可知，但团队成员们最大的不同之一是他们的宗教信仰不同。] 8．A.visit B．praise C．join D．aid 解析：C　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当人们加入我的实验室时，他们聚集在一起，首先是因为他们对科学的共同热爱，然后随着他们彼此了解并享受业余活动，我们成为了一个有凝聚力的团队。A.visit拜访；B.praise表扬；C.join加入；D.aid帮助。根据下文“they gather together”可知，此处为表示人们加入了作者的实验室，他们聚集在一起。] 9．A.regret B．charge C．sympathy D．love 解析：D　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，当人们加入我的实验室时，他们聚集在一起，首先是因为他们对科学的共同热爱，然后随着他们彼此了解并享受业余活动，我们成为了一个有凝聚力的团队。A.regret 后悔；B.charge要价；负责；C.sympathy同情；D.love热爱。根据句意以及下文“and then as they get to know one another and enjoy spare time activities，we become a cohesive(有凝聚力的) team”可知，此处为人们加入了作者的实验室，他们聚集在一起，首先是凭借着对科学的共同热爱。] 10．A.surprised at B．proud of C．interested in D．worried about 解析：B　[考查形容词短语辨析。句意：我为这种凝聚力和实验室里的新朋友感到自豪，并尽我所能鼓励他们。A.surprised at惊讶；B.proud of对……感到自豪；C.interested in对……感兴趣；D.worried about担心。根据上文“we become a cohesive(有凝聚力的) team”以及下文中“the new friendships in my lab”可知，此处为作者为这种凝聚力和实验室里的新朋友感到自豪。] 11．A.curious B．casual C．careful D．relaxed 解析：C　[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在寻找新成员的时候，我也非常小心。A.curious好奇的；B.casual随意的；C.careful小心的；仔细的D.relaxed放松的。根据下文“I interview many people before I ____12____ the right ones for my lab.”以及语境可推知，此处为表示作者在为实验室选择合适的人选之前会对团队成员们进行面试。由此可知，作者对于招人工作是很小心很仔细的。] 12．A.thank B．defeat C．compare D．choose 解析：D　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：在为我的实验室选择合适的人之前，我面试了很多人。A.thank感谢；B.defeat战胜；C.compare比较；D.choose选择。根据下文“the right ones for my lab”可知，此处为作者通过面试为自己的实验室挑选合适的人选。] 13．A.scientifically B．physically C．mentally D．financially 解析：A　[考查副词词义辨析。句意：当然，他们必须有科学能力，但同样重要的是，他们友好、有趣、对他人感兴趣。A.scientifically科学上地；B.physically身体上地；C.mentally心智上地；D.financially财务上地。根据上文中“for my lab”以及下文中的“capable(有能力的)of course”结合语境可知，此处为招收的团队成员他们必须有科学能力。] 14．A.respect B．protect C．stand D．doubt 解析：A　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们应该准备好尊重不同的观点和文化。A.respect尊重；B.protect保护；C.stand站立；D.doubt怀疑。根据语境以及该句中的“various points of view and cultures”可知，此处为团队成员们应该准备好尊重不同的观点和文化。] 15．A.chance B．position C．lecture D．environment 解析：D　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种无障碍、多样化和支持性的环境促进了新思想和科学突破。A.chance机会；B.position位置；C.lecture讲座；D.environment环境。根据下文“promotes new ideas and scientific breakthroughs.”以及语境，可推知，此处为只有这种无障碍、多样化和支持性的环境才能促进新思想和科学上的突破。] Ⅲ.语法填空 主题：人与社会 体裁：说明文 话题：丽江古城 The Old Town of Lijiang，lying in the northwest of Yunnan Province，is one of the last 1.________(survive) ancient towns in China.The architecture of the Old Town of Lijiang is noteworthy for the 2.________(combine) of elements from several cultures，and its ancient water­supply system still functions 3.________(effective) today. The Yulong Snow Mountain to the north­west 4.________(serve) as the source of the rivers and springs.This town is made up 5.________ three parts: Dayan Old Town established in the Ming Dynasty as a commercial centre，Baisha housing cluster established earlier during the Song and Yuan Dynasties，and Shuhe housing clusters located 4 km northwest of Dayan Old Town.These settlements lying in mountains and 6.________(surround) by water display the mixture of local cultures，folk customs and traditions over several centuries. It 7.________(design) as a town around the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty.From 1253 on，the Naxi people of Lijiang developed 8.________ unique social system，customs and culture of their own.In the 18th century，the Qing Dynasty rulers carried out a policy of 9.________(culture) interaction，and the Naxi people adopted the customs of the Tibetan 10.________ Han peoples.Despite several earthquakes，most of the old town keeps its original structure. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了丽江古城的情况。 1．surviving　[考查形容词。句意：丽江古城位于云南省西北部，是中国仅存的古镇之一。修饰名词towns，表示“继续存在的”应用形容词surviving，作定语。故填surviving。] 2．combination　[考查名词。句意：丽江古城的建筑因融合了多种文化元素而引人注目，其古老的供水系统至今仍在有效地运作。作宾语，表示“……的融合”，短语为the combination of。故填combination。] 3．effectively　[考查副词。句意：丽江古城的建筑因融合了多种文化元素而引人注目，其古老的供水系统至今仍在有效地运作。修饰动词functions应用副词effectively，作状语。故填effectively。] 4．serves　[考查主谓一致。句意：西北的玉龙雪山是河流和泉水的源头。作谓语，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为The Yulong Snow Mountain to the northwest，谓语用三单形式。故填serves。] 5．of　[考查介词。句意：这个小镇由三部分组成：明朝建立的商业中心大研古城，宋元时期建立的白沙住宅区，以及位于大研古城西北4公里处的蜀河住宅区。表示“由……组成”短语为be made up of。故填of。] 6．surrounded　[考查非谓语动词。句意：这些依山傍水的定居点展示了几个世纪以来当地文化、民俗和传统的融合。分析句子结构可知surround与逻辑主语settlements构成被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填surrounded。] 7．was designed　[考查时态和语态。句意：它是在元朝初期被设计成一个城镇的。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文around the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty可知为一般过去时的被动语态，主语为it，谓语用单数。故填was designed。] 8．a　[考查冠词。句意：从1253年起，丽江纳西族形成了自己独特的社会制度、习俗和文化。system为可数名词，此处为泛指，且unique是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。] 9．cultural　[考查形容词。句意：18世纪，清朝统治者实行文化交流政策，纳西族吸收了藏族和汉族的风俗习惯。修饰名词interaction，应用形容词cultural，作定语。故填cultural。] 10．and　[考查连词。句意：18世纪，清朝统治者实行文化交流政策，纳西族吸收了藏族和汉族的风俗习惯。此处为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$