必修第3册 UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION-【创新教程】2025年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业word（人教版）

UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION Ⅰ.阅读A 主题：人与社会 体裁：说明文 话题：“毅力号”火星探测器 A 293­million­mile journey of the NASA Perseverance rover (探测器)to Mars ended successfully on February 18th, 2021, with a pictureperfect landing inside the Jezero Crater. The car­sized, six­wheeled rover, nicknamed Percy, is the US space agency's biggest and most advanced explorer to date. Its primary mission is to search for signs of ancient microbial(微生物的)life on Mars. Landing on Mars is extremely tricky. The Red Planet's gravitational(引力的) pull causes approaching spacecraft to go faster to high speeds, while its thin atmosphere－just one percent that of Earth's－does little to help slow it down as it approaches the surface. The scientists had to reduce Percy's 12,000 mph speed to a safe landing speed of less than five mph—in just six and a half minutes. The target entry angle also had to be a precise 12 degrees－any steeper, and the spacecraft would burn up; any flatter, and it would get lost in space. It is no wonder that the final approach is often referred to as the “seven minutes of terror”． Upon attaining a manageable speed, Percy briefly flew over the Martian surface to seek out the perfect landing spot. Its complex map­reading system rapidly scanned the area and matched it with maps in its database to find the best location. The NASA scientists will spend the next two months testing Percy's scientific instruments. Once ready, the rover will begin to carry out its mission. “Perseverance is the smartest robot ever made, but confirming that microbial life once existed carries an unusually large burden of proof，” said Lori Glaze, director of NASA's Planetary Science Division.“ While we'll learn a lot with the great instruments we have aboard the rover, it may very well require the far more well­equipped laboratories and delicate instruments back here on Earth to tell us whether our samples(样本)carry evidence that Mars once harbored life.” 1．What is the extraordinary challenge for the rover to land on Mars? A．The speed reduction. B．The atmosphere analysis. C．The location search. D．The time management. 2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Ways to find the precise entry angle. B．Consequences of wrong entry degree. C．Factors to survive “the seven minutes”． D．Reasons for the necessity of speed reducing. 3．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．The space.　　　　 B．The area. C．The system. D．The surface. 4．What can be inferred from Lori Glaze's words? A．Instruments aboard the rover are not quite reliable. B．Perseverance is able to collect enough evidence needed. C．Man still has a long way to go to prove there was life on Mars. D．Samples of Mars will be returned soon to the labs on the Earth. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“毅力号”火星探测器的主要任务，以及其登陆火星过程中的情况。 1．A　[细节理解题。根据第二段“The Red Planet's gravitational(引力的) pull causes approaching spacecraft to go faster to high speeds, while its thin atmosphere—just one percent that of Earth's—does little to help slow it down as it approaches the surface.(这颗红色星球的引力使接近的航天器更快地达到高速，而它稀薄的大气层(只有地球的百分之一)在接近表面时几乎没有帮助它减速。)”可知，火星引力会使得接近火星的航天器更快速行进，并且火星稀薄的大气层对减缓航天器的速度几乎没有帮助，故减速是“毅力号”探测器登陆火星的特别挑战。] 2．C　[主旨大意题。根据第三段“The scientists had to reduce Percy's 12,000 mph speed to a safe landing speed of less than five mph－in just six and a half minutes. The target entry angle also had to be a precise 12 degrees(科学家们必须在六分半钟内将Percy的1.2万英里/每小时的速度降低到不到每小时5英里的安全着陆速度。目标进入角度也必须精确到12度)”以及“It is no wonder that the final approach is often referred to as the ‘seven minutes of terror’．(难怪最后一段时间通常被称为‘恐怖的七分钟’)”可知，该段主要介绍了“恐怖七分钟”的生存因素：降低速度和精确的切入角度。] 3．B　[词句猜测题。根据画线词前句内容“Its complex map­reading system rapidly scanned the area (其复杂的地图读取系统快速扫描该区域)”可知，将Percy数据库中的地图与扫描的区域进行匹配，由此找到最佳的着陆位置。故推断it指代该句中的“the area”。] 4．C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中“While we'll learn a lot with the great instruments we have aboard the rover, it may very well require the far more well­equipped laboratories and delicate instruments back here on Earth to tell us whether our samples(样本)carry evidence that Mars once harbored life.(虽然我们将通过探测器上的强大仪器了解到很多东西，但很可能需要地球上设备更完善的实验室和精密的仪器来告诉我们，我们的样本是否携带了火星曾经存在生命的证据。)”可知，确认火星曾经存在过微生物需要大量的证据，而携带这些证据的样本又需要装备更加齐全的实验室以及精密的仪器才能进行分析。据此可推知，人类要证明火星上曾有生命还有很长的路要走。] 阅读B 主题：人与社会 体裁：议论文 话题：是否应该探索太空 Should humans explore space? If you ask me, I'll definitely give a positive answer. The space exploration has a direct impact on the lives of humans, as well as the state of our world. Satellites moving around the earth enable communication across the world, connecting people of different continents and broadcasting information worldwide. The Global Positioning System(GPS) can identify our location anywhere. Furthermore, weather satellites can forecast harmful weather conditions, which allows humans to prepare for deadly natural disasters and save lives. Space programs can also indirectly lead to the solution to poverty and world hunger. For example, large plots of land could be used far better if humans applied technologies. The most effective tool is the artificial earth satellite. It can screen areas of land within a very short time, indicating useful measures, such as the condition of crops, soil, rainfall, and droughts. It can then transmit this information to ground stations on the earth for better use. In recent years, space­based technologies have become an important factor to reach and expand global health objectives. Information provided by remote technologies can be applied to study the epidemiology(流行病学)．This data provided by space technologies can monitor disease patterns, understand the environmental causes that spread it, make predictions about where it can spread in the future, and make plans to fight it efficiently. Furthermore, space exploration is something we can do for future generations. Mankind is using the resources provided on the planet, but these will run out one day. Overpopulation can be an existential threat for all mankind. With the advancement of space technology, it will be wise to use and explore the vast potential of other planets, such as the availability of mining resources on asteroids or other planets. For the exploration of the universe, perhaps the most advantageous of all is that it will unite us to work together for a common purpose, regardless of our differences. 5．What can space exploration do according to Paragraph 2? A．Improve the traffic on the earth. B．Help humans communicate and spread information. C．Help prevent deadly natural disasters. D．Promote travel between countries. 6．How can space programs help solve poverty and world hunger? A．By benefiting crop production with artificial earth satellites. B．By transporting food worldwide more easily. C．By creating job opportunities for the poor. D．By protecting available land resources. 7．What does the writer think of mining resources on other planets? A．Timewasting. B．Arguable. C．Unnecessary. D．Rewarding. 8．What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A．To ask people to explore space independently. B．To encourage people to explore space cooperatively. C．To tell the readers the importance of exploring space. D．To show the readers the advantages of exploring space. [语篇解读]　这是一篇议论文。主要讲的是人类是否应该探索太空为此话题而展开的讨论。 5．B　[细节理解题。根据第二段“The space exploration has a direct impact on the lives of humans, as well as the state of our world. Satellites moving around the earth enable communication across the world, connecting people of different continents and broadcasting information worldwide. The Global Positioning System(GPS) can identify our location anywhere. Furthermore, weather satellites can forecast harmful weather conditions, which allows humans to prepare for deadly natural disasters and save lives.(太空探索直接影响着人类的生活，也影响着我们这个世界的现状。环绕地球运行的卫星使全世界的通信成为可能，将不同大陆的人们联系起来，向全世界广播信息。全球定位系统(GPS)可以在任何地方确定我们的位置。此外，气象卫星可以预测有害的天气状况，这使人类能够为致命的自然灾害做好准备，挽救生命。)”可知，根据第二段，太空探索可以帮助人类交流和传播信息。] 6．A　[细节理解题。根据第三段“Space programs can also indirectly lead to the solution to poverty and world hunger. For example, large plots of land could be used far better if humans applied technologies. The most effective tool is the artificial earth satellite. It can screen areas of land within a very short time, indicating useful measures, such as the condition of crops, soil, rainfall, and droughts. It can then transmit this information to ground stations on the earth for better use.(太空计划还可以间接地解决贫困和世界饥饿问题。例如，如果人类应用技术，大片土地可以得到更好的利用。最有效的工具是人造地球卫星。它可以在很短的时间内筛选土地面积，显示有用的措施，如作物状况、土壤、降雨和干旱。然后，它可以将这些信息传输到地球上的地面站，以便更好地使用。)”可知，太空计划利用人造地球卫星造福农作物生产来帮助解决贫困和世界饥饿问题。] 7．D　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“With the advancement of space technology, it will be wise to use and explore the vast potential of other planets, such as the availability of mining resources on asteroids or other planets.(随着太空技术的进步，利用和探索其他行星的巨大潜力将是明智的，例如小行星或其他行星上的采矿资源的可用性。)”可推知，作者对在其他星球上开采资源这一行为认为是有意义的。] 8．B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段“For the exploration of the universe, perhaps the most advantageous of all is that it will unite us to work together for a common purpose, regardless of our differences.(对于宇宙的探索来说，也许最有利的是它将把我们团结起来，为了一个共同的目标而努力，不管我们有什么分歧。)”可推知，最后一段的目的是鼓励人们合作探索太空。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 主题：人与社会 体裁：议论文 话题：为什么对登陆火星感兴趣 It sounds like something from science fiction－a space journey into the vast expanse of space, heading towards Mars. While we're not quite ready to put a person on the land, the question we ask today is: __1__The space race saw the USA and USSR compete to achieve firsts in spaceflight. The Soviet Union released Sputnik 1, an artificial satellite, before anyone else.__2__Now it appears that Mars is the heaven body of desire. While the reputation and bragging (吹嘘) rights to be the first nation to touchdown is an obvious draw, there are other reasons we want to get there. __3__You only have to look at the fossilized remains of the dinosaurs to see the benefit of finding another habitable planet. While Mars doesn't have the right conditions to call it home just yet, there's always the concept of terraforming (地球化)－changing the environment of a planet to suit our needs. However, not everyone agrees.__4__He has said the concept of changing habitability of another planet because of the damage we have done to Earth makes no sense when we can simply terraform Earth. It seems the main reason is the search for extraterrestrial (地球外的) life.__5__Now seemingly dead, the potential fossils could answer questions about our own evolution and that of our planet. One theory is that bacterial life on our planet didn't start here, but was transferred via asteroid (小行星) from Mars. A．And the US landed on the Moon first. B．Leading astrophysicist Neil Tyson is one of them. C．One of these could be the survival of our species. D．why are so many countries interested in going to Mars? E．It has been believed that, at one time, Mars was abundant with life. F．Surely inspiring a new generation to visit the stars is reason enough. G．may landing on Mars inspire more people to become interested in science? [语篇解读]　这是一篇议论文。文章分析了为什么有这么多国家对登陆火星感兴趣。 1．D　[根据上文“While we're not quite ready to put a person on the land, the question we ask today is：(虽然我们还没有准备好把一个人送上火星，但我们今天要问的问题是：)”可知，此处会是一个疑问句，内容与登陆火星有关，选项D“why are so many countries interested in going to Mars? (为什么有这么多国家对登陆火星感兴趣？)”符合题意。] 2．A　[根据上文“The space race saw the USA and USSR compete to achieve firsts in spaceflight. The Soviet Union released Sputnik 1, an artificial satellite, before anyone else.(在太空竞赛中，美国和苏联竞相实现太空飞行的第一。苏联首先发射了人造卫星Sputnik1号。)”可知，此处内容与美国在太空方面的领先有关，选项A“And the US landed on the Moon first. (美国首先登陆月球)”符合题意。] 3．C　[根据下文“You only have to look at the fossilized remains of the dinosaurs to see the benefit of finding another habitable planet. (你只需要看看恐龙的化石残骸，就能看到寻找另一个宜居星球的好处。)”可知，此处内容与其中一个原因与人类的生存有关，选项C 中the survival of our species 对应下一句 fossilized remains of the dinosaurs。选项C“One of these could be the survival of our species. (其中原因之一可能是我们人类的生存)”符合题意。] 4．B　[根据下文“He has said the concept of changing habitability of another planet because of the damage we have done to Earth makes no sense when we can simply terraform Earth. (他说，我们可以简单地改造地球，因为我们对地球的破坏而改变另一个星球的宜居性的概念是没有意义的。)”可知，此处内容与有反对的人有关，下一句代词 he指的是选项B 中的Neil Tyson。选项B“Leading astrophysicist Neil Tyson is one of them. (著名天体物理学家尼尔·泰森就是其中之一。)”符合题意。] 5．E　[根据上文“It seems the main reason is the search for extraterrestrial (地球外的) life. (主要原因似乎是为了寻找地球外的生命。)”可知，此处内容与地球外的生命有关，且选项E中at one time 对应下一句 Now seemingly dead。选项E“It has been believed that, at one time, Mars was abundant with life. (人们相信火星曾经有过丰富的生命。)”符合题意。] Ⅲ.语法填空 主题：人与社会 体裁：说明文 话题：首位航天平民桂海潮 Sitting inside the Shenzhou XVI spacecraft, Gui Haichao, the first Chinese civilian on a spaceflight, together with the other two astronauts, 1.________( launch) by a 20­story­tall Long March 2F carrier rocket, 2.________ took off at 9：31 am on May 30, 2023 at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. Born in 1986, Gui's 3.________ (enthusiastic) for science has been developing since childhood. He had a set of encyclopedias (百科全书) from which he gained a lot of basic space knowledge. Years later, Gui Haichao attended Beihang University, 4.________ (major) in spacecraft design and engineering. Gui then pursued postdoctoral research overseas and published about 20 SCI academic papers in top international journals. After returning to China, he received Beihang's invitation to teach 5.________ an associate professor. In the spring of 2018, Gui was told that China's manned space authorities had made a decision 6.________ (select) the third group of astronauts, including the first spaceflight engineers and science payloads specialists. “I have been 7.________ fan of space exploration for many years and sometimes dreamed about doing my research in space. So excited was I on hearing this news 8.________ I signed up without much thought. Eventually I was 9.________ (successful) admitted following several demanding rounds of 10.________ (profession) tests，” he recalled. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我国航天员队伍的新成员——桂海潮。 1．was launched　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：2023年5月30日上午9点31分，在酒泉卫星发射中心，一枚20层楼高的长征2F运载火箭发射了神舟十六号飞船，中国首位平民桂海潮和另外两名宇航员坐在飞船内。分析句子可知，空处在句子中作谓语，句子为一般过去时，主语为Gui Haichao，主语与launch之间为被动关系。故填was launched。] 2．which　[考查定语从句。句意：2023年5月30日上午9点31分，在酒泉卫星发射中心，一枚20层楼高的长征2F运载火箭发射了神舟十六号飞船，中国首位平民桂海潮和另外两名宇航员坐在飞船内。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a 20­story­tall Long March 2F carrier rocket，先行词为物，且在从句中作主语。故填which。] 3．enthusiasm　[考查名词。句意：1986年出生的他，从小就对科学充满热情。分析句子可知，空处应为名词，作本句主语，表示桂海潮对于科学的热情源于他的童年时期。故填enthusiasm。] 4．majoring　[考查非谓语动词。句意：分析句子可知，空处为非谓语动词作伴随状语，且主语Gui Haichao与major之间为主动关系。故填majoring。] 5．as　[考查介词。句意：多年后，桂海潮进入北京航空航天大学，主修航天器设计与工程。根据句意可知，桂海潮回国后，应邀到北京航空航天大学以副教授的身份进行教学，设空处为介词，表示作为。故填as。] 6．to select　[考查非谓语动词。句意：2018年春天，桂被告知，中国载人航天当局已决定选择第三批宇航员，包括首批航天工程师和科学有效载荷专家。make a decision to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“下定决心做某事”。故填to select。] 7．a　[考查冠词。句意：多年来，我一直是太空探索的粉丝，有时梦想着在太空中进行研究。根据句意可知，此处表示“是……的一个粉丝”，表泛指。故填a。] 8．that　[考查状语从句。句意：听到这个消息，我很兴奋，想都没想就报名了。根据上下文可知，桂海潮在得知选拔的消息时如此激动以至于毫不犹豫地报了名，此处应为so...that...引导的结果状语从句。故填that。] 9．successfully　[考查副词。句意：经过几轮严格的专业测试，我最终被录取了。分析句子可知，空处修饰后面的动词admitted，故用其副词形式。此处指桂海潮最后成功入选。故填successfully。] 10．professional　[考查形容词。句意：经过几轮严格的专业测试，我最终被录取了。分析句子可知，空处为形容词，修饰空后的名词tests，表示“专业的测试”。故填professional。] 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$