必修第3册 UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES-【创新教程】2025年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业word（人教版）

UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES Ⅰ.阅读A 主题：人与社会 体裁：应用文 话题：一生中至少应该读一次的4本书 Books teach us about truth, science, literature, friendship and the value of love and caring. Here are 4 books you should read at least once in your life. 1. Charlotte's web by E．B. White Charlotte's web is a novel about a pig named Wilbur and a spider named Charlotte written by American author E．B.White. It first came out in 1952，with illustrations by Garth Williams. Alive­action film version was published in 2006. White's novel is a lesson for children and a reminder for adults of the beauty of nature and the importance of respecting every creature on this earth. 2．The Little Prince by Antoine De saintExupery The most­translated book in French, The Little Prince is the story of a little boy who falls to Earth from a minor planet to try to understand mankind. In his travels he meets a series of strange and delightful characters. It is a fable about the foolishness of man and man's tendency toward self­destruction, as well as the transformative power of friendship and trust. 3．The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini The Kite Runner is the story of the unlikely and complicated friendship between Amir, the son of a wealthy merchant, and Hassan, the son of his father's servant. Hosseini brings his homeland to life for us, showing us a world of ordinary people, the enduring love of friendship, and the power of forgiveness. 4．Required Reading for All Teenagers by Douglas Pagels Much­loved for its mix of heartfelt thoughts, Required Reading for All Teenagers combines the words of Douglas Pagels with the writings of famous people from the fields of sports. Now in a redesigned version, it is a better­than­ever source that gives parents some solid advice on parenting teenagers. 1．What do we know about Charlotte's Web? A．It was once adapted for a film. B．It was illustrated by E．B. White. C．It was originally released in 2006. D．It was specially designed for kids. 2．What do The Little Prince and The Kite Runner both talk about? A．Animals.　　　　 B．Friendship. C．Forgiveness. D．Celebrities. 3．Which book best suits those concerned about family education? A．Charlotte's Web. B．The Little Prince. C．The Kite Runner. D．Required Reading for All Teenagers. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。文章向读者推荐了一生中至少应该读一次的4本书。 1．A　[细节理解题。根据Charlotte's Web by E．B. White部分中“Alive­action film version was published in 2006.(真人版电影于2006年出版。)”可知，该本书于2006年被改编为真人版电影。] 2．B　[推理判断题。根据The Little Prince by Antoine De saint­Exupery部分中“It is a fable about the foolishness of man and man's tendency toward self­destruction, as well as the transformative power of friendship and trust.(这是一个关于人类的愚蠢和自我毁灭倾向的寓言，以及友谊和信任的变革力量。)”以及The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini部分中“The Kite Runner is the story of the unlikely and complicated friendship between Amir, the son of a wealthy merchant, and Hassan, the son of his father's servant. (《追风筝的人》讲述了富有商人的儿子阿米尔和他父亲仆人的儿子哈桑之间不太可能但又复杂友谊。)”可推知，两本书共同之处都提及了“友谊”这个话题。] 3．D　[细节理解题。根据Required Reading for All Teenagers by Douglas Pagels部分中“Now in a redesigned version, it is a betterthanever source that gives parents some solid advice on parenting teenagers.(现在，在一个精心设计的版本中，它比以往任何时候都更好地为父母提供了一些关于养育青少年的可靠建议。)”可知，这本书更好地为父母提供了一些关于养育青少年的可靠建议。由此可知，这本书是关于家庭教育的。] 阅读B 主题：人与社会 体裁：说明文 话题：对道德困境的反应 (2024·福建省福州一模)Human responses to moral dilemmas (两难选择) can be influenced by statements written by the artificial intelligence chatbot ChatGPT, according to a study published in Scientific Reports. The findings indicate that users may underestimate the extent to which their own moral judgments can be influenced by the chatbot. Sebastian Krigel and colleagues asked ChatGPT multiple times whether it is right to sacrifice (牺牲) the life of one person in order to save the lives of five others. They found that ChatGPT wrote random statements arguing both for and against sacrificing one life, indicating that it is not biased towards a certain moral stance (立场)． The authors then presented 767 U．S. participants, who were on average 39 years old, with a dilemma whether to sacrifice one person's life to save five others. Before answering, participants read a statement provided by ChatGPT arguing either for or against sacrificing one life to save five. Statements were from either a moral advisor or ChatGPT. After answering, participants were asked whether the statement they read influenced their answers. Eighty percent of participants reported that their answers were not influenced by the statements they read. However, the authors found that the answers participants believed they would have provided without reading the statements were still more likely to agree with the moral stance of the statement they did read than with the opposite stance. This indicates that participants may have underestimated the influence of ChatGPT's statements on their own moral judgments. The authors suggest that the potential for chatbots to influence human moral judgments highlights the need for education to help humans better understand artificial intelligence. They propose that future research should design chabots that either decline to answer questions requiring a moral judgment or answer these questions by providing multiple arguments and warnings. 4．What are ChatGPT's answers to a certain moral stance? A．Inconsistent.　　　 B．Valuable. C．Creative. D．Simple. 5．What is learned about the participants? A．They admitted the power of ChatGPT. B．They were interviewed by a moral advisor. C．They were affected by ChatGPT unknowingly. D．They were presented with different moral dilemmas. 6．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Different findings of the study. B．Future potentials for chatbots. C．Major focuses of future education. D．Solutions to the impact of chatbots. 7．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．ChatGPT Tends to Cause Moral Panics B．ChatGPT：Is It Likely to Affect Our Life? C．ChatGPT：Why Is It Making Us So Nervous? D．ChatGPT Can Influence Human Moral Judgments [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了发表在《科学报告》上的一项研究表明，人类对道德困境的反应可能会受到人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT所写语句的影响。文章介绍了研究开展的经过以及发现，最后提到了解决聊天机器人影响的方法。 4．A　[推理判断题。根据第二段“They found that ChatGPT wrote random statements arguing both for and against sacrificing one life, indicating that it is not biased towards a certain moral stance (立场)．(他们发现，ChatGPT会随机写出支持或反对牺牲一条生命的陈述，这表明它并不偏向于某种道德立场。)”可推知，ChatGPT对某种道德立场的回答不一致。故选A。] 5．C　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“This indicates that participants may have underestimated the influence of ChatGPT's statements on their own moral judgments.(这表明参与者可能低估了ChatGPT的陈述对他们自己道德判断的影响。)”可知，参与者在不知不觉中受到了ChatGPT的影响。] 6．D　[主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The authors suggest that the potential for chatbots to influence human moral judgments highlights the need for education to help humans better understand artificial intelligence. They propose that future research should design chabots that either decline to answer questions requiring a moral judgment or answer these questions by providing multiple arguments and warnings.(作者认为，聊天机器人影响人类道德判断的潜力凸显了教育的必要性，以帮助人类更好地理解人工智能。他们建议，未来的研究应该设计出要么拒绝回答需要道德判断的问题，要么通过提供多种论证和警告来回答这些问题的聊天机器人。)”可知，最后一段主要讲解决聊天机器人影响人类道德判断力的方法。] 7．D　[主旨大意题。根据第一段“Human responses to moral dilemmas (两难选择) can be influenced by statements written by the artificial intelligence chatbot ChatGPT, according to a study published in Scientific Reports.(发表在《科学报告》上的一项研究表明，人类对道德困境的反应可能会受到人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT所写语句的影响。)”以及倒数第二段“This indicates that participants may have underestimated the influence of ChatGPT's statements on their own moral judgments.(这表明参与者可能低估了ChatGPT的陈述对他们自己道德判断的影响。)”结合文章介绍了研究开展的经过以及发现，最后提到了解决聊天机器人影响的方法。可知，D选项“ChatGPT可以影响人类的道德判断”最符合文章标题。] Ⅱ.完形填空 主题：人与社会 体裁：记叙文 话题：感受到残疾人的生活不易 Volunteering has been a way of life for me for the past five years since I was fifteen. In 2020 I __1__ with a newly founded social enterprise, which __2__cooking lessons for visually impaired (视障) trainee chefs. I absolutely loved it as it involved meaningful __3__ with people and I was fully __4__ throughout the entire time I was there. This was unlike some other types of volunteering, which may involve mostly behindthescenes work that can get __5__ after a while. We called ourselves “sighted assistants” and each of us was __6__ with a visually impaired trainee chef. As a volunteer, I would walk with the trainee to the Enabling Village __7__， and then ensure their __8__ as they learned to cook a new dish. This included helping them __9__ the position of the sink, ensuring proper use of electrical appliances, __10__ boiling and hot objects, as well as being careful with knives among other things. Being there with them made me truly __11__ how difficult life can be when you are __12__or completely blind. Every tiny task __13__ massive effort. There are so many people with __14__， I realised. While medicine still does not have the power to cure all of these conditions, we are never short of ways to empower these individuals by making life __15__ and more meaningful for them. 1．A.met　　　　　　 B．cooperated C．started D．volunteered 2．A.learned B．took C．conducted D．prepared 3．A.interaction B．appointment C．greeting D．conflict 4．A.confused B．engaged C．surprised D．disturbed 5．A.promising B．frightening C．challenging D．boring 6．A.faced B．compared C．paired D．equipped 7．A.lesson B．enterprise C．room D．kitchen 8．A.satisfaction B．safety C．pleasure D．success 9．A.leave out B．miss out C．figure out D．point out 10．A.avoiding B．touching C．approaching D．feeling 11．A.appreciate B．imagine C．predict D．think 12．A.temporarily B．partly C．accidentally D．originally 13．A.simplifies B．causes C．takes D．offers 14．A.disabilities B．difficulties C．determination D．power 15．A.luckier B．tougher C．happier D．easier [语篇解读]　本文为记叙文。作者讲述了自己一次帮助视力受损的实习厨师学习烹饪课程的经历，明白了残疾人的生活不易。 1．D　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：2020年，我在一家新成立的社会企业担任志愿者，该企业为视障厨师学员提供烹饪课程。A.met遇见；B.cooperated合作；C.started开始；D.volunteered自愿做，无偿做。根据“Volunteering has been a way of life for me for the past five years since I was fifteen.”可知，作者从15岁起，志愿服务已经成为过去五年的生活方式，所以在一家新成立的社会企业无偿服务。] 2．C　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：2020年，我在一家新成立的社会企业担任志愿者，该企业为视力受损的实习厨师提供烹饪课程。A.learned学习；B.took拿；取；C.conducted安排；组织；D.prepared准备。which引导定语从句，指代a newly founded social enterprise，社会企业为视障人士提供烹饪课程，此处conduct cooking lessons表示“提供烹饪课程”。] 3．A　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：我非常喜欢这份工作，因为它涉及到与人有意义的互动，我在那里的整个时间都完全投入。A.interaction互动；B.appointment约定；C.greeting问候；D.conflict冲突。根据“which __2__cooking lessons for visually impaired (视障) trainee chefs”可知，这份工作是帮助视障厨师学员学习烹饪课程，是人与人之间的互动。] 4．B　[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我非常喜欢这份工作，因为它涉及到与人有意义的互动，我在那里的整个时间都完全投入。A.confused困惑的；B.engaged忙于……的；C.surprised惊讶的；D.disturbed心烦意乱的。根据“I absolutely loved it”可知，作者很喜欢这份工作，所以会全身心投入(忙于)其中。] 5．D　[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这与其他类型的志愿工作不同，其他类型的志愿工作可能主要涉及幕后工作，一段时间后可能会变得无聊。A.promising有希望的；B.frightening令人害怕的；C.challenging具有挑战性的；D.boring令人厌倦的。根据前文“ I absolutely loved it”可知，作者很喜欢这份工作，这份工作与人互动，有意义。此处作者其他的志愿者工作和这份工作对比，作者认为之前的工作久而久之会令人厌倦。] 6．C　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们称自己为“视力正常的助理”，每个人都配有一个视力受损的实习厨师。A.faced面对；B.compared对比；C.paired使成对；D.equipped配备。根据下文“As a volunteer, I would walk with the trainee to the Enabling Village __7__， and then ensure their __8__ as they learned to cook a new dish.”可知，作者的工作就是帮助视力受损的实习厨师，be paired with“与……配对”，此处指一对一帮助，符合语境。] 7．D　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名志愿者，我会陪学员走到Enabling Village厨房，然后在他们学习烹饪新菜时确保他们的安全。A.lesson课程；B.enterprise企业；C.room房间；D.kitchen厨房。根据上文“cooking lessons for visually impaired (视障) trainee chefs”可知，学员要学习烹饪新菜，故作者陪他们走到厨房。] 8．B　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名志愿者，我会陪学员走到Enabling Village厨房，然后在他们学习烹饪新菜时确保他们的安全。A.satisfaction满意；B.safety安全；C.pleasure高兴；D.success成功。根据第二段第一句“In 2020 I __1__ with a newly founded social enterprise, which __2__cooking lessons for visually impaired (视障) trainee chefs.”可知，这些学员为视力受损的实习厨师，故作者要保证他们的安全。] 9．C　[考查动词短语辨析。句意：这包括帮助他们弄清楚水槽的位置，确保正确使用电器，避免沸腾和热的物体，以及小心使用刀等物品。A.leave out遗漏；B.miss out错过；C.figure out算出，弄明白；D.point out指出。根据下文“ensuring proper use of electrical appliances”和“as well as being careful with knives among other things”可知，作者的工作任务是确保视力受损的实习厨师的安全，所以是帮助他们弄清楚水槽的位置。] 10．A　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：这包括帮助他们弄清楚水槽的位置，确保正确使用电器，避免沸腾和热的物体，以及小心使用刀等物品。A.avoiding避免；B.touching触摸；C.approaching靠近；D.feeling感觉。根据“as well as being careful with knives among other things.”可知，作者的工作任务是确保视力受损的实习厨师的安全，且空后的宾语是“沸腾和热的物体”，所以应为作者帮助他们避开沸腾和热的物体。] 11．A　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：和他们在一起让我真正理解，当你部分失明或完全失明时，生活是多么艰难。A.appreciate理解，意识到；B.imagine想象；C.predict预测；D.think认为。根据下文“how difficult life can be when you are __12__or completely blind”可知，“当你部分失明或完全失明时，生活是多么艰难”是作者明白的道理。] 12．B　[考查副词词义辨析。句意：和他们在一起让我真正理解，当你部分失明或完全失明时，生活是多么艰难。A.temporarily暂时地；B.partly部分地；C.accidentally偶然地；D.originally起初。根据空后completely可知，空处形成对照，应为partly，且本文讲的是“visually impaired (视障) trainee chefs”可知，他们并非全盲。] 13．C　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：每一件小事都需要付出巨大的努力。A.simplifies简化；B.causes引起；C.takes需要；D.offers提供。根据常识可知，对于视力受损的实习厨师，每一件小事都需要付出巨大的努力。] 14．A　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：我意识到，有很多人有残疾。A.disabilities残疾；B.difficulties困难；C.determination决心；D.power力量。衔接下句“While medicine still does not have the power to cure all of these conditions, we are never short of ways to empower these individuals by making life __15__ and more meaningful for them.”可知，作者通过这次志愿者经历明白了世界上有很多人有残疾，即使医学无法治愈，但是我们还是可以尽自己的力量让他们生活更容易。] 15．D　[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然医学仍然没有能力治愈所有这些疾病，但我们从不缺少让这些人的生活更容易、更有意义的方法。A.luckier更幸运的；B.tougher更艰难的；C.happier更快乐的；D.easier更容易的。根据“While medicine still does not have the power to cure all of these conditions”可在，前后是对比关系，虽然医学没办法治愈这些疾病，减少疾病带来的困难，但是我们可以有很多方法帮助让他们的生活更容易些。] Ⅲ.语法填空 主题：人与社会 体裁：说明文 话题：寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值 For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) 1.________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well­known Aesop's fables date to the 2.________ (six) century, B. C. Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 3.________ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”． Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, 4.________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins, 5.________ (borrow) some familiar words from many ageold fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 6.________ (intend) for everyone. 7．________ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility 8.________ saving their environment. The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson's theme is a more weighty 9.________ (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still 10.________(employ) today to draw attention to important truths. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。 1．to teach　[考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。] 2．sixth　[考查数词。句意：寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分，而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。] 3．as　[考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。] 4．where　[考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。] 5．borrowing　[考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。] 6．intended　[考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的重要信息。be intended for打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。] 7．Different　[考查形容词。句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。be different from与……不同，所以用形容词作状语。故填Different。] 8．for　[考查介词。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take responsibility for对……负责。故填for。] 9．warning　[考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。] 10．be employed　[考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的文字形式已经流传了几个世纪，今天仍然可以用来引起人们对重要真理的注意。从句主语a simple literal form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。] 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$